scholarly journals Analysis of Classic Tomato Mutants Reveals Influence of Leaf Vein Density on Fruit BRIX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zizhang Cheng ◽  
Steven D. Rowland ◽  
Karo Czarnecki ◽  
Kristina Zumstein ◽  
Hokuto Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Leaf Vein Density

Tomato bipinnate (bip) is a classic leaf mutant, with highly increased leaf complexity resulting from the loss of function of a BEL-LIKE HOMEODAMAIN (BELL) gene. Here, we analyzed several bip mutants and their isogenic wildtype backgrounds for a suite of leaf morphology traits, ranging from leaf complexity, leaflet shape and size, to leaf vascular density to investigate how changes in leaf morphology influence fruit traits. Our analyses showed an unexpected relationship between leaf vein density and fruit sugar levels, where leaf vein density was negatively correlated with fruit BRIX. RNA-Seq analysis suggested variation in Glucose-6-phosphate translocator2 (GPT2) gene expression caused correlated changes in leaf vein density and BRIX when bip mutant and wildtype were compared, suggesting that the correlation between leaf vein density and fruit sugar may result from the genes regulating leaf vein development that are also involved in regulating leaf sugar biosynthesis. Our results provide a resource for further exploration of the genetic basis for the complex relationship between fruit quality and leaf traits in natural populations.

scholarly journals Elevated auxin biosynthesis and transport underlie high vein density in C4 leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (33) ◽  
pp. E6884-E6891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Fa Huang ◽  
Chun-Ping Yu ◽  
Yeh-Hua Wu ◽  
Mei-Yeh Jade Lu ◽  
Shih-Long Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Efflux Transporter ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Transport Inhibitor ◽  
Auxin Content ◽  
Auxin Transport Inhibitor ◽  
Leaf Vein Density

High vein density, a distinctive trait of C4 leaves, is central to both C3-to-C4 evolution and conversion of C3 to C4-like crops. We tested the hypothesis that high vein density in C4 leaves is due to elevated auxin biosynthesis and transport in developing leaves. Up-regulation of genes in auxin biosynthesis pathways and higher auxin content were found in developing C4 leaves compared with developing C3 leaves. The same observation held for maize foliar (C4) and husk (C3) leaf primordia. Moreover, auxin content and vein density were increased in loss-of-function mutants of Arabidopsis MYC2, a suppressor of auxin biosynthesis. Treatment with an auxin biosynthesis inhibitor or an auxin transport inhibitor led to much fewer veins in new leaves. Finally, both Arabidopsis thaliana auxin efflux transporter pin1 and influx transporter lax2 mutants showed reduced vein numbers. Thus, development of high leaf vein density requires elevated auxin biosynthesis and transport.

scholarly journals Variation in leaf morphology of Quercus pontica natural populations in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebahat Yildirim ◽  
İbrahim Turna
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Components Analysis

Quercus pontica K.Koch is a relict plant species which is classified as vulnerable (VU) in Turkey. Within the scope of this study it needed to be investigated are there variations in leaf morphological characteristics within and among Q. pontica populations. Variation in leaf traits in relation to seven different natural provinces was identified. In total, 99 individuals were selected, and 30 leaves were collected from each shrub to determine leaf variations in Q. pontica populations. Mean values for petiole length (1.07 cm), leaf length (17.13 cm), lamina length (16.13 cm), leaf width (8.10 cm), leaf area (93.76 cm2), leaf vein angle (54.22 degree), total number of primary veins (38.72), total number of teeth (40.73), petiole ratio (6.34%), relative length of lamina at largest width (50.50%), and percentage of venation (98.65%) were determined in all populations. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences (p< 0.01) among individuals within populations for all leaf characteristics. Variations among populations were detected by cluster analysis and principal components analysis. According to the analysis results, the 11 populations were grouped in three categories. Using correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships between leaf traits were determined. In this study, we detected no significant relationship between environmental factors (altitude, aspect, annual temperature and annual precipitation) and leaf traits. Key words: leaf morphology, Quercus pontica, relict, variation

Relationship Between Photosynthetic Characteristics and Leaf Vein Density inSorghum bicolorandPerilla frutescens

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Song Liqing ◽  
Hu Chunmei ◽  
Hou Xilin ◽  
Shi Lei ◽  
Liu Li'an ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Leaf Vein Density

scholarly journals Shifts in leaf vein density through accelerated vein formation in C4Flaveria (Asteraceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena D. McKown ◽  
Nancy G. Dengler
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Vein Formation ◽  
Leaf Vein Density

scholarly journals Leaf and Stem Traits are Linked to Liana Growth Rate in a Subtropical Cloud Forest

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Xiao-Long Bai ◽  
Yun-Bing Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Yang-Si-Ding Wang ◽  
Da Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Leaf Vein Density

There is accumulating evidence that the abundance and biomass of lianas are increasing with global climate change in the Neotropics. However, our knowledge of growth–trait relationships among lianas is surprisingly rare. Here, we monitored the relative growth rate of 2860 individuals from seven deciduous and four evergreen liana species in a 20 ha subtropical cloud forest dynamics plot at high elevation (2472–2628 m a.s.l.) in southwest China. We linked the relative growth rate of lianas with nine leaf traits associated with leaf morphology, nutrient concentrations, and water hydraulic capacity as indicated by leaf vein density, and five stem wood traits related to stem water transport capacity and wood density. Our results showed that deciduous lianas have higher relative growth rates than their evergreen counterparts. Across all lianas studied, the relative growth rate was positively correlated with the leaf area and specific leaf area, but negatively correlated with leaf dry matter content. The relative growth rate of lianas was strongly correlated with nitrogen concentration after excluding the legume liana species. The relative growth rate was decoupled from leaf phosphorus and potassium concentrations, leaf vein density, and stem vessel traits across all lianas investigated. For four evergreen lianas, there were positive associations of the relative growth rate with the leaf thickness and diameter of the largest vessels. This study is the first to illustrate the relationships of liana growth with leaf and stem traits in the high-elevation subtropical cloud forest. More studies from diverse forest ecosystems are needed to comprehensively understand the mechanism underlying liana growth patterns.

scholarly journals Variations in angiosperm leaf vein density have implications for interpreting life form in the fossil record

Geology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 919-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Crifò ◽  
Ellen D. Currano ◽  
A. Baresch ◽  
C. Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Leaf Vein Density

Leaf vein density enhances vascular redundancy instead of carbon uptake at the expense of increasing water leaks in oaks

2021 ◽  
pp. 104527
Author(s):  
Víctor Resco de Dios ◽  
David Alonso-Forn ◽  
José Javier Peguero-Pina ◽  
Domingo Sancho-Knapik ◽  
Eustaquio Gil Pelegrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Leaf Vein Density

scholarly journals Leaf vein density and photosynthetic rate in Rosa: Is there a correlation?

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pagano ◽  
Paolo Storchi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Network ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Leaf Vein Density

A thorough knowledge of the leaf vascular network and its evolution is essential for understanding the fluid dynamics of water movement in leaves. Recent studies have shown how these networks can be involved in the performance of photosynthesis, which is linked to the density of the vascular network per unit of leaf area. The aim of this study is to highlight the correlation between leaf vein density (VD) and physiological parameters. The hypothesis proposed was tested on the leaves ofthe “Isabel Renaissance” (IR) rose cultivar. The main result concerned the VD, which was significantly correlated with the maximum leaf net photosynthetic rate (PN). This finding supports the hypothesis that the vascular system of IR leaves can be correlated with leaf photosynthesis performance.

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