scholarly journals Estimation of in-scanner head pose changes during structural MRI using a convolutional neural network trained on eye tracker video

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heath R Pardoe ◽  
Samantha P Martin ◽  
Yijun Zhao ◽  
Allan George ◽  
Hui Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Head Pose ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Subcortical Volume

Introduction In-scanner head motion is a common cause of reduced image quality in neuroimaging, and causes systematic brain-wide changes in cortical thickness and volumetric estimates derived from structural MRI scans. There are currently no widely available methods for measuring head motion during structural MRI. Here, we train a deep learning predictive model to estimate changes in head pose using video obtained from an in-scanner eye tracker during an EPI-BOLD acquisition with participants undertaking deliberate in-scanner head movements. The predictive model was used to estimate head pose changes during structural MRI scans, and correlated with cortical thickness and subcortical volume estimates. Methods 21 healthy controls (age 32 ± 13 years, 11 female) were studied. Participants carried out a series of stereotyped prompted in-scanner head motions during acquisition of an EPI-BOLD sequence with simultaneous recording of eye tracker video. Motion-affected and motion-free whole brain T1-weighted MRI were also obtained. Image coregistration was used to estimate changes in head pose over the duration of the EPI-BOLD scan, and used to train a predictive model to estimate head pose changes from the video data. Model performance was quantified by assessing the coefficient of determination (R²). We evaluated the utility of our technique by assessing the relationship between video-based head pose changes during structural MRI and (i) vertex-wise cortical thickness and (ii) subcortical volume estimates. Results Video-based head pose estimates were significantly correlated with ground truth head pose changes estimated from EPI-BOLD imaging in a hold-out dataset. We observed a general brain-wide overall reduction in cortical thickness with increased head motion, with some isolated regions showing increased cortical thickness estimates with increased motion. Subcortical volumes were generally reduced in motion affected scans. Conclusions We trained a predictive model to estimate changes in head pose during structural MRI scans using in-scanner eye tracker video. The method is independent of individual image acquisition parameters and does not require markers to be to be fixed to the patient, suggesting it may be well suited to clinical imaging and research environments. Head pose changes estimated using our approach can be used as covariates for morphometric image analyses to improve the neurobiological validity of structural imaging studies of brain development and disease.

scholarly journals Pubertal hormones and brain structure: Exploring the value of hair assays

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Vijayakumar ◽  
Elizabeth Shirtcliff ◽  
Michelle L Byrne ◽  
Kathryn L. Mills ◽  
Theresa W Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Hormonal Exposure

Neuroimaging research has highlighted the role of puberty in structural brain development in humans, but studies investigating the mechanistic role of hormones in this association have produced inconsistent findings. Limitations of current approaches to hormonal assessments have long been recognized, as basal hormone levels are susceptible to momentary influences (in particular, circadian rhythmicity and menstrual cyclicity). However, emerging research suggests that a novel method of assaying pubertal hormone concentrations in hair may overcome some of these issues by capturing hormonal exposure across a longer period of time. This study is the first to compare associations between hormone concentrations measured via hair and saliva with brain structure in a sample of early adolescent females (N = 112, 10-13 years of age). Estradiol, testosterone, and DHEA concentrations were assayed from i) 5cm hair samples collected proximal to the scalp, reflecting approximately 5 months of hormonal exposure, and ii) repeated weekly saliva samples collected over the course of one month. Participants also underwent structural MRI scans, and estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volume were obtained. Findings revealed that pubertal hormones in saliva samples exhibited strongest associations with parieto-occipital cortices. Comparatively, hair hormone concentrations exhibited stronger negative associations with cingulate and lateral prefrontal cortical thickness, which may reflect unique developmental processes that occur across longer periods of hormonal exposure. However, controlling for pubertal stage removed much of the cortical associations with hormones in saliva, and resulted in minimal change in cortical associations with hormones in hair. Thus hormone concentrations in hair may reflect biological processes not captured by self-reported pubertal stage that influence brain development. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of these potentially unique neurodevelopmental processes captured by saliva and hair hormone concentrations.

scholarly journals Thinner cortex is associated with psychosis onset in individuals at Clinical High Risk for Developing Psychosis: An ENIGMA Working Group mega-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jalbrzikowski ◽  
Rebecca A. Hayes ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Dorte Nordholm ◽  
Juan H. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Postnatal Brain ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Subcortical Volume

AbstractImportanceThe ENIGMA clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) initiative, the largest pooled CHR-neuroimaging sample to date, aims to discover robust neurobiological markers of psychosis risk in a sample with known heterogeneous outcomes.ObjectiveWe investigated baseline structural neuroimaging differences between CHR subjects and healthy controls (HC), and between CHR participants who later developed a psychotic disorder (CHR-PS+) and those who did not (CHR-PS-). We assessed associations with age by group and conversion status, and similarities between the patterns of effect size maps for psychosis conversion and those found in other large-scale psychosis studies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsBaseline T1-weighted MRI data were pooled from 31 international sites participating in the ENIGMA CHR Working Group. MRI scans were processed using harmonized protocols and analyzed within a mega- and meta-analysis framework from January-October 2020.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Measures of regional cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), and subcortical volumes were extracted from T1-weighted MRI scans. Independent variables were group (CHR, HC) and conversion status (CHR-PS+, CHR-PS-, HC).ResultsThe final dataset consisted of 3,169 participants (CHR=1,792, HC=1,377, age range: 9.5 to 39.8 years, 45% female). Using longitudinal clinical information, we identified CHR-PS+ (N=253) and CHR-PS-(N=1,234). CHR exhibited widespread thinner cortex compared to HC (average d=-0.125, range: −0.09 to −0.17), but not SA or subcortical volume. Thinner cortex in the fusiform, superior temporal, and paracentral regions was associated with psychosis conversion (average d=-0.22). Age showed a stronger negative association with left fusiform and left paracentral CT in HC, compared to CHR-PS+. Regional CT psychosis conversion effect sizes resembled patterns of CT alterations observed in other ENIGMA studies of psychosis.Conclusions and RelevanceWe provide evidence for widespread subtle CT reductions in CHR. The pattern of regions displaying greater CT alterations in CHR-PS+ were similar to those reported in other large-scale investigations of psychosis. Additionally, a subset of these regions displayed abnormal age associations. Widespread CT disruptions coupled with abnormal age associations in CHR may point to disruptions in postnatal brain developmental processes.Key PointsQuestionHow do baseline brain morphometric features relate to later psychosis conversion in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR)?FindingsIn the largest coordinated international analysis to date, reduced baseline cortical thickness, but not cortical surface area or subcortical volume, was more pronounced in CHR, in a manner highly consistent with thinner cortex in established psychosis. Regions that displayed greater cortical thinning in future psychosis converters additionally displayed abnormal associations with age.MeaningCHR status and later transition to psychosis is robustly associated with reduced cortical thickness. Abnormal age associations and specificity to cortical thickness may point to aberrant postnatal brain development in CHR, including pruning and myelination.

scholarly journals Morphological Profiling of Schizophrenia: Cluster Analysis of MRI-Based Cortical Thickness Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-632
Author(s):  
Yunzhi Pan ◽  
Weidan Pu ◽  
Xudong Chen ◽  
Xiaojun Huang ◽  
Yan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Mri Scans

Abstract The diagnosis of schizophrenia is thought to embrace several distinct subgroups. The manifold entities in a single clinical patient group increase the variance of biological measures, deflate the group-level estimates of causal factors, and mask the presence of treatment effects. However, reliable neurobiological boundaries to differentiate these subgroups remain elusive. Since cortical thinning is a well-established feature in schizophrenia, we investigated if individuals (patients and healthy controls) with similar patterns of regional cortical thickness form naturally occurring morphological subtypes. K-means algorithm clustering was applied to regional cortical thickness values obtained from 256 structural MRI scans (179 patients with schizophrenia and 77 healthy controls [HCs]). GAP statistics revealed three clusters with distinct regional thickness patterns. The specific patterns of cortical thinning, clinical characteristics, and cognitive function of each clustered subgroup were assessed. The three clusters based on thickness patterns comprised of a morphologically impoverished subgroup (25% patients, 1% HCs), an intermediate subgroup (47% patients, 46% HCs), and an intact subgroup (28% patients, 53% HCs). The differences of clinical features among three clusters pertained to age-of-onset, N-back performance, duration exposure to treatment, total burden of positive symptoms, and severity of delusions. Particularly, the morphologically impoverished group had deficits in N-back performance and less severe positive symptom burden. The data-driven neuroimaging approach illustrates the occurrence of morphologically separable subgroups in schizophrenia, with distinct clinical characteristics. We infer that the anatomical heterogeneity of schizophrenia arises from both pathological deviance and physiological variance. We advocate using MRI-guided stratification for clinical trials as well as case–control investigations in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The Erasmus Glioma Database (EGD): structural MRI scans, WHO 2016 subtypes, and segmentations of 774 patients with glioma

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107191
Author(s):  
Sebastian R. van der Voort ◽  
Fatih Incekara ◽  
Maarten M.J. Wijnenga ◽  
Georgios Kapsas ◽  
Renske Gahrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Mri ◽  
Mri Scans

scholarly journals Alterations in Cortical Thickness and Subcortical Volume are Associated With Neurological Symptoms and Neck Pain in Patients With Cervical Spondylosis

Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis C Woodworth ◽  
Langston T Holly ◽  
Emeran A Mayer ◽  
Noriko Salamon ◽  
Benjamin M Ellingson
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Subcortical Volume

scholarly journals Asymmetry in cortical thickness and subcortical volume in treatment-naïve major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Zuo ◽  
Shuhua Ran ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Qi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Subcortical Volume

scholarly journals Anterolateral entorhinal cortex thickness as a new biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Holbrook ◽  
Nicholas Tustison ◽  
Freddie Marquez ◽  
Jared Roberts ◽  
Michael A. Yassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Strong Candidate

AbstractIntroductionLoss of entorhinal cortex (EC) layer II neurons represents the earliest AD lesion in the brain. Research suggests differing functional roles between two EC subregions, the anterolateral EC (aLEC) and the posteromedial EC (pMEC).MethodsWe use joint label fusion to obtain aLEC and pMEC cortical thickness measurements from serial MRI scans of 775 ADNI-1 participants (219 healthy; 380 MCI; 176 AD) and use linear mixed-effects models to analyze longitudinal associations between cortical thickness, disease status and cognitive measures.ResultsGroup status is reliability predicted by aLEC thickness, which also exhibits greater associations with cognitive outcomes than does pMEC thickness. Change in aLEC thickness is also associated with CSF amyloid and tau levels.DiscussionThinning of aLEC is a sensitive structural biomarker that changes over short durations in the course of AD and tracks disease severity – it is a strong candidate biomarker for detection of early AD.

scholarly journals Hippocampal Volume in Provisional Tic Disorder Predicts Tic Severity at 12-Month Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Deanna J. Greene ◽  
Carolina Badke D’Andrea ◽  
Emily C. Bihun ◽  
Jonathan M. Koller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
One Year ◽  
Important Marker

Previous studies have investigated differences in the volumes of subcortical structures (e.g., caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus) between individuals with and without Tourette syndrome (TS), as well as the relationships between these volumes and tic symptom severity. These volumes may also predict clinical outcome in Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), but that hypothesis has never been tested. This study aimed to examine whether the volumes of subcortical structures measured shortly after tic onset can predict tic symptom severity at one-year post-tic onset, when TS can first be diagnosed. We obtained T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 41 children with PTD (25 with prospective motion correction (vNavs)) whose tics had begun less than 9 months (mean 4.04 months) prior to the first study visit (baseline). We re-examined them at the 12-month anniversary of their first tic (follow-up), assessing tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. We quantified the volumes of subcortical structures using volBrain software. Baseline hippocampal volume was correlated with tic severity at the 12-month follow-up, with a larger hippocampus at baseline predicting worse tic severity at follow-up. The volumes of other subcortical structures did not significantly predict tic severity at follow-up. Hippocampal volume may be an important marker in predicting prognosis in Provisional Tic Disorder.

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