scholarly journals Differential effects on neuromuscular physiology between Sod loss-of-function mutation and paraquat-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ueda ◽  
Atulya Iyengar ◽  
Chun-Fang Wu

AbstractOxidative stress is thought to be a major contributor to aging processes. Here, we report differential effects on neurotransmission caused by loss-of-function mutations of Superoxide dismutase (Sod) and by paraquat (PQ) feeding in Drosophila. We demonstrated alterations in Sod mutants; the larval neuromuscular junction displayed supernumerary discharges and the adult giant-fiber escape pathway showed increased latency and poor response to repetitive high-frequency stimulation. Even though the concentrations used led to motor coordination defects and lethality, PQ feeding failed to reproduce such performance deficits in these larval and adult preparations, indicating mechanistic distinctions between genetic and pharmacological manipulation of oxidative stress.

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Auerbach ◽  
M. V. L. Bennett

The hatchetfish, Gasteropelecus, possesses large pectoral fin adductor muscles whose simultaneous contraction enables the fish to dart upwards at the approach of a predator. These muscles can be excited by either Mauthner fiber. In the medulla, each Mauthner fiber forms axo-axonic synapses on four "giant fibers," two on each side of the midline. Each pair of giant fibers innervates ipsilateral motoneurons controlling the pectoral fin adductor muscles. Mauthner fibers and giant fibers can be penetrated simultaneously by microelectrodes close to the synapses between them. Electrophysiological evidence indicates that transmission from Mauthner to giant fiber is chemically mediated. Under some conditions miniature postsynaptic potentials (PSP's) are observed, suggesting quantal release of transmitter. However, relatively high frequency stimulation reduces PSP amplitude below that of the miniature potentials, but causes no complete failures of PSP's. Thus quantum size is reduced or postsynaptic membrane is desensitized. Ramp currents in Mauthner fibers that rise too slowly to initiate spikes can evoke responses in giant fibers that appear to be asynchronous PSP's. Probably both spikes and ramp currents act on the same secretory mechanism. A single Mauthner fiber spike is followed by prolonged depression of transmission; also PSP amplitude is little affected by current pulses that markedly alter presynaptic spike height. These findings suggest that even a small spike releases most of an immediately available store of transmitter. If so, the probability of release by a single spike is high for any quantum of transmitter within this store.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Luiza Minato Sagrillo ◽  
Viviane Nogueira De Zorzi ◽  
Luiz Fernando Freire Royes ◽  
Michele Rechia Fighera ◽  
Beatriz Da Silva Rosa Bonadiman ◽  
...  

Physical exercise has been shown to be an important modulator of the antioxidant system and neuroprotective in several diseases and treatments that affect the central nervous system. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise in dynamic balance, motor coordination, exploratory locomotor activity and in the oxidative and immunological balance of rats treated with vincristine (VCR). For that, 40 adult rats were divided into two groups: exercise group (6 weeks of swimming, 1h/day, 5 days/week, with overload of 5% of body weight) and sedentary group. After training, rats were treated with 0.5 mg/kg of vincristine sulfate for two weeks or with the same dose of 0.9% NaCl. The behavioral tests were conducted 1 and 7 days after each dose of VCR. On day 15 we carried out the biochemical analyzes of the cerebellum. The physical exercise was able to protect against the loss of dynamic balance and motor coordination and, had effect per se in the exploratory locomotor activity, and neutralize oxidative stress, damage DNA and immune damage caused by VCR up to 15 days after the end of the training protocol. In conclusion, we observed that previous physical training protects of the damage motor induced by vincristine.Key-words: exercise, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, cerebellum.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Omura

While a visiting Professor at the University of Paris, VI (formerly Sorvonne) more than 40 years ago, the Author became very good friends with Dr. Paul Nogier who periodically gave seminars and workshops in Paris. After the author diagnosed his cervical problem & offered him simple help, Dr. Nogier asked the Author to present lectures and demonstrations on the effects of ear stimulation, namely the effects of acupuncture & electrical stimulation of the ear lobules. It is only now, in 2019 that we have discovered 2–5 minute high frequency stimulation of the ear lobule inhibits cancer activity for 1– 4 hours post stimulation. Although the procedure is extremely simple. First take optimal dose of Vitamin D3, which has the most essential 10 unique beneficial factors required for every human cell activity. Next, apply high frequency stimulation to ear lobule while the worst ear lobule is held by all fingers with vibrator directly touching the surface of the worst ear lobule, preferably after patient repeatedly takes optimal dose of Vitamin D3. When the worst ear lobule is held between thumb & index fingers and applying mechanical stimulation of 250 ~ 500 mechanical vibration/second for 2 ~ 5 minutes using an electrical vibrator, there is rapid disappearance of cancer activity in both the brain and rest of the body for short time duration 1 ~ 4 hours. The effect often increases by additional pressure by holding fingers. As of May 2019, the Author found that many people from various regions of the world developed early stages of multiple cancers. For evaluation of this study, U. S. patented Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT) was used which was developed by the Author while doing his Graduate experimental physics research at Colombia University. BDORT was found to be most essential for determining the beneficial effects as well as harmful effects of any substance or treatment. Using BDORT, Author was the first to recognize severe increasing mid-backache was an early sign of pancreatic cancer of President of New York State Board of Medicine after top pain specialists failed to detect the cause after 3 years of effort, while the BDORT showed early stages of cancer whereas conventional X-Ray of the pancreas did not show any cancer image until 2 months after Author detected with BDORT. For example, the optimal dose of the banana is usually about 2.0 - 2.5 millimeters cross section of the banana. A whole banana is more than 50 ~ 100 times the optimal dose. Any substance eaten in more than 25 times of its optimal dose becomes highly toxic and creates DNA mutations which can cause multiple malignancies in the presence of strong electro-magnetic field. With standard medication given by doctor, patients often become sick and they are unable to reduce body weight, unless medication is reduced or completely stopped. When the amount of zinc is very high, DNA often becomes unstable and multiple cancers can grow rapidly in the presence of strong electromagnetic field. Large amount of Vitamin C from regular orange or orange juice inhibit the most important Vitamin D3 effects. At least 3 kinds of low Vitamin C oranges will not inhibit Vitamin D3. Since B12 particularly methyl cobalamin which is a red small tablet is known to improve brain circulation very significantly we examined its effect within 20 seconds of oral intake we found the following very significant changes. Acetylcholine in both sides of the brain often increases over 4,500 ng. Longevity gene Sirtuin 1 level increases significantly for short time of few hours. Thymosin α1 and Thymosinβ4 both increase to over 1500 ng from 20 ng or less.


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