Population genomics of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden ST365, an emerging predominant causative agent of diarrheal disease

Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden is a recently emerged pathogen, and as such we lack a comprehensive knowledge of its microbiology, genomics, epidemiology and biogeography. In this study, we analyzed 174 novel S. Weltevreden isolates including 111 isolates recovered from diarrheal patients in China between 2006 and 2017. Our results demonstrate that the ST365 clone was the predominant causative agent of the diarrhea-outbreak during this period, as vast majority of the isolates recovered from diarrheal patients belonged to this sequence type (97.37%, 74/76). We also determined the ST365 clone as the predominant sequence type of S. Weltevreden from diarrheal patients globally from previously published sequences (97.51%, 196/201). In order to determine the possible antimicrobial genes and virulence factors associated with S. Weltevreden, we performed whole genome sequencing on our novel isolates. We were able to identify a range of key virulence factors associated with S. Weltevreden that are likely to be beneficial to their fitness and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we were able to isolate a novel 100.03-kb IncFII(S) type virulence plasmid that used the same replicon as pSPCV virulence plasmid. Importantly, we demonstrated through plasmid elimination a functional role for this plasmid in bacterial virulence. These findings are critical to further our knowledge of this high consequence pathogen.

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Contribution of Salmonella typhimuriumVirulence Factors to Diarrheal Disease in Calves

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.9.4879-4885.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (9) ◽

pp. 4879-4885 ◽

Cited By ~ 229

Author(s):

Renée M. Tsolis ◽

L. Garry Adams ◽

Thomas A. Ficht ◽

Andreas J. Bäumler

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Marked Reduction ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Outer Core ◽

Virulence Plasmid ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Intestinal Colonization ◽

Intestinal Lesions

ABSTRACT Limited knowledge is available about the virulence mechanisms responsible for diarrheal disease caused by Salmonella typhimurium. To assess the contribution to diarrheal disease of virulence determinants identified in models of infection, we tested a collection of S. typhimurium mutants for their ability to cause enteritis in calves. S. typhimurium strains carrying mutations in the virulence plasmid (spvR),Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) (spiB), or SPI-5 (sopB) caused mortality and acute diarrhea in calves. An S. typhimurium rfaJ mutant, which is defective for lipopolysaccharide outer core biosynthesis, was of intermediate virulence. Mutations in SPI-1 (hilA andprgH) or aroA markedly reduced virulence and the severity of diarrhea. Furthermore, histopathological examination of calves infected with SPI-1 or aroA mutants revealed a marked reduction or absence of intestinal lesions. These data suggest that virulence factors, such as SPI-1, which are required during intestinal colonization are more important for pathogenicity in calves than are genes required during the systemic phase of S. typhimurium infection, including SPI-2 or the spvoperon. This is in contrast to the degree of attenuation caused by these mutations in the mouse.

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A Genomic Sample Sequence of the Entomopathogenic Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens W14: Potential Implications for Virulence

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.66.8.3310-3329.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 3310-3329 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Richard H. Ffrench-Constant ◽

Nicholas Waterfield ◽

Valerie Burland ◽

Nicole T. Perna ◽

Phillip J. Daborn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Iron Uptake ◽

Genomic Library ◽

Production Systems ◽

Bacterial Virulence ◽

Photorhabdus Luminescens ◽

Insecticidal Toxin ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

K 12

ABSTRACT Photorhabdus luminescens is a pathogenic bacterium that lives in the guts of insect-pathogenic nematodes. After invasion of an insect host by a nematode, bacteria are released from the nematode gut and help kill the insect, in which both the bacteria and the nematodes subsequently replicate. However, the bacterial virulence factors associated with this “symbiosis of pathogens” remain largely obscure. In order to identify genes encoding potential virulence factors, we performed ∼2,000 random sequencing reads from a P. luminescens W14 genomic library. We then compared the sequences obtained to sequences in existing gene databases and to theEscherichia coli K-12 genome sequence. Here we describe the different classes of potential virulence factors found. These factors include genes that putatively encode Tc insecticidal toxin complexes, Rtx-like toxins, proteases and lipases, colicin and pyocins, and various antibiotics. They also include a diverse array of secretion (e.g., type III), iron uptake, and lipopolysaccharide production systems. We speculate on the potential functions of each of these gene classes in insect infection and also examine the extent to which the invertebrate pathogen P. luminescens shares potential antivertebrate virulence factors. The implications for understanding both the biology of this insect pathogen and links between the evolution of vertebrate virulence factors and the evolution of invertebrate virulence factors are discussed.

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Methods and Strategies for the Detection of Bacterial Virulence Factors Associated with Pathogenicity Islands, Plasmids, and Bacteriophages

Pathogenicity Islands and Other Mobile Virulence Elements ◽

10.1128/9781555818173.ch2 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 13-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joachim Reidl

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Bacterial Virulence ◽

Pathogenicity Islands ◽

Factors Associated

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Long-distance delivery of bacterial virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1160071.623233 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Fergal O'Gara

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽

Bacterial Virulence ◽

Long Distance ◽

Distance Delivery

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Interference of quorum sensing regulated bacterial virulence factors and biofilms by Plumbago zeylanica extract

Microscopy Research and Technique ◽

10.1002/jemt.23872 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Faizan Abul Qais ◽

Iqbal Ahmad ◽

Fohad Mabood Husain ◽

Suliman Y. Alomar ◽

Naushad Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quorum Sensing ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Bacterial Virulence ◽

Plumbago Zeylanica

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Temporal Trend of ST131 Clone among Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates in the Community: A Taiwan National Surveillance from 2002 to 2016

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9050963 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 963

Author(s):

Jiun-Ling Wang ◽

Wen-Chien Ko ◽

Chih-Hsin Hung ◽

Ming-Fang Cheng ◽

Hui-Ying Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Trend ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Population Based ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sequence Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Resistant Group ◽

Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽

Susceptible Group

Sequence type (ST) 131 is a multidrug-resistant pandemic lineage of E. coli responsible for extraintestinal infections. Few surveillance data of ST131 included all antimicrobial-susceptible and -resistant isolates or focused on community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). From a population-based surveillance pool of 2997 outpatient urine E. coli isolates, 542 were selected for detection of ST131 based on ciprofloxacin and/or cefotaxime resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on all ST131 isolates to further determine their relatedness. The estimated overall ST131 prevalence in this community UTI cohort increased from 11.2% (in 2002–2004), 12.2% (in 2006–2008), 13.6% (in 2010–2012), to 17.4% in 2014–2016 (p < 0.01). In the ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant group, ST131 increased from 33.3% in 2002–2004 to 72.1% in 2014–2016 (p < 0.01). In the ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-susceptible group, ST131 was found in 24.3% overall without significant increase in its prevalence over time. PFGE showed emergence of a cluster of ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant ST131 carrying Gr. 1 CTX-M ESBL in 2014–2016, especially 2016. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (≥65 y.o) and ciprofloxacin resistance were independent factors associated with ST131. This longitudinal surveillance showed that ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-susceptible ST131 has been circulating in the community since 2002 but ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant ST131 increased rapidly in the later years.

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