scholarly journals Illness duration and symptom profile in a large cohort of symptomatic UK school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Molteni ◽  
Carole Helene Sudre ◽  
Liane Santos Canas ◽  
Sunil S Bhopal ◽  
Robert C Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Using Data

Background In children, SARS-CoV-2 is usually asymptomatic or causes a mild illness of short duration. Persistent illness has been reported; however, its prevalence and characteristics are unclear. We aimed to determine illness duration and characteristics in symptomatic UK school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2 using data from the COVID Symptom Study, the largest citizen participatory epidemiological study to date. Methods Data from 258,790 children aged 5-17 years were reported by an adult proxy between 24 March 2020 and 22 February 2021. Illness duration and symptom profiles were analysed for all children testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 for whom illness duration could be determined, considered overall and within younger (5-11 years) and older (12-17 years) age groups. Data from symptomatic children testing negative for SARS-CoV-2, matched 1:1 for age, gender, and week of testing, were also assessed. Findings 1,734 children (588 younger children, 1,146 older children) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result and calculable duration of illness with the study time frame. The commonest symptoms were headache (62.2%) and fatigue (55.0%). Median illness duration was six days (vs. three days in children testing negative); and was positively associated with age (rs 0.19, p<1.e-4) with median duration seven days in older vs. five days in younger children. Seventy-seven (4.4%) children had illness duration =>28 days (LC28); LC28 was more common in older compared with younger children (59 (5.1%) vs. 18 (3.1%), p=0.046). The commonest symptoms experienced by children with LC28 were fatigue (84.4%), headache and anosmia (both 77.9%); however, by day 28 the median symptom burden was two. Only 25 (1.8%) of 1,379 children experienced symptoms for ≥56 days. Few children (15 children, 0.9%) in the negatively-tested cohort experienced prolonged symptom duration; however, these children experienced greater symptom burden (both throughout their illness and at day 28) than children positive for SARS-CoV-2. Interpretation Some children with COVID-19 experience prolonged illness duration; reassuringly, symptom burden in these children did not increase with time, and most recovered by day 56. Some children who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 also had persistent and burdensome illness. Thus, a holistic approach for all children with persistent illness during the pandemic is required.

scholarly journals Illness characteristics of COVID-19 in children infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Molteni ◽  
Carole Helene Sudre ◽  
Liane S Canas ◽  
Sunil S Bhopal ◽  
Robert C Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Variant Interpretation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Similar Symptom ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Symptom Prevalence ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
Delta Infection

Background The Delta (B.1.617.2) SARSCoV2 variant became the predominant UK circulating strain in May 2021. Whether COVID19 from Delta infection differs to infection with other variants in children is unknown. Methods Through the prospective COVID Symptom Study, 109,626 UK school-aged children were proxy-reported between December 28, 2020 and July 8, 2021. We selected all symptomatic children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were proxy-reported at least weekly, within two timeframes: December 28, 2020 to May 6, 2021 (Alpha (B.1.1.7) the main UK circulating variant); and May 26 to July 8, 2021 (Delta the main UK circulating variant). We assessed illness profiles (symptom prevalence, duration, and burden), hospital presentation, and presence of long (>28 day) illness; and calculated odds ratios for symptoms presenting within the first 28 days of illness. Findings 694 (276 younger [5 11 years], 418 older [12 17 years]) symptomatic children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with Alpha infection and 706 (227 younger and 479 older) children with Delta infection. Median illness duration was short with either variant (overall cohort: 5 days (IQR 2 9.75) with Alpha, 5 days (IQR 2 9) with Delta). The seven most prevalent symptoms were common to both variants. Symptom burden over the first 28 days was slightly greater with Delta compared with Alpha infection (in younger children, 3 (IQR 2 5) with Alpha, 4 (IQR 2 7) with Delta; in older children 5 (IQR 3 8) with Alpha and 6 (IQR 3 9) with Delta infection in older children). The odds of several symptoms were higher with Delta than Alpha infection, including headache and fever. Few children presented to hospital, and long illness duration was uncommon, with either variant. Interpretation COVID-19 in UK school-aged children due to SARSCoV2 Delta strain B.1.617.2 resembles illness due to the Alpha variant B.1.1.7., with short duration and similar symptom burden.

scholarly journals Symptom Burden and Profiles in Concussed Children with and without Prolonged Recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Samantha Schilling ◽  
Adam Mansour ◽  
Lindsay Sullivan ◽  
Kele Ding ◽  
Thomas Pommering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cognitive Fatigue ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Prolonged Recovery ◽  
Recovery Group ◽  
Concussion Recovery

Although symptom burden and symptom profile severity are independent predictors of post-concussion symptom duration, few studies have examined their effects on prolonged recovery simultaneously. This study examined differences in symptom burden and symptom profile scores between concussed children with prolonged recovery and those with typical recovery. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of concussed children aged 10–18 years. Prolonged recovery was defined as symptom duration beyond 28 days post-injury. Symptom burden was measured as total symptom score (TSS) at injury. Symptom profiles included: (1) vestibular, (2) ocular, (3) cognitive/fatigue, (4) migraine, and (5) anxiety. A total of 4380 unique concussions sustained by 3777 patients were included; 80.3% white, 60.0% male, and 44.0% aged 13–15 years. The prolonged recovery group had a significantly higher TSS and greater number of symptoms than the typical recovery group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The prolonged recovery group had significantly higher scores on all five symptom profiles, including vestibular (p < 0.001), ocular (p < 0.001), cognitive/fatigue (p < 0.001), migraine (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001), than the typical recovery group, even after adjusting for number of symptoms and other covariates. Further studies using prospective cohort designs are needed to better understand the influence of symptom burden and profiles on pediatric concussion recovery.

Strangulation in Childhood

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Neurologic Recovery ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Early School ◽  
Suicidal Attempts

Feldman et al reviewed 233 cases of childhood strangulation to define causes, clinical course, prognosis for neurologic recovery, and methods of prevention from strangulation Cribs, ropes, and cords were leading causes of childhood strangulation in accidental or suicidal injury. All age groups were affected. Pacifier cords, low hanging cradle gyms, and toy cords caused strangulations during infancy. Toddlers to early school-aged children strangled on window cords, plant holders, electric car windows, high chairs, and looped rope swings. Jackets, ponchos, and scarves caused accidental mechanical suffocation by entanglement with unsafe playground equipment. Strangulations in older children resulted from rope loops, cords, belts, neckties, and rope or chain swings. Most accidents were the result of unsafe play, attention-seeking activities, suicidal attempts, or partial asphyxiation during autoerotic stimulation.

scholarly journals Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic UK school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Molteni ◽  
Carole H Sudre ◽  
Liane S Canas ◽  
Sunil S Bhopal ◽  
Robert C Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illness Duration ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Symptom Profile

Bullying Behaviors and Psychosocial Adjustment Among School-Aged Children in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2363-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiping Zhang ◽  
Huazhen Zhou ◽  
Tao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Urban China ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Bullying Behaviors

Bullying behaviors have been studied extensively in Western countries; however, no national data exist regarding this issue in contemporary China. Using a sample of 14,536 children in Grades 6, 8, and 10 from public schools in 11 provinces or autonomous regions in rural and urban China, our study assesses the prevalence of bullying behaviors among school-aged children in China and examines the correlation between bullying and psychosocial adjustment. Results indicate that 6.3% of children reported having been bullied in the last 3 months, 2.5% of children admitted to bullying other students, and 2.2% said they were bullied and bullied others in that same time frame. More boys than girls reported bullying others and being victims of bullying. The frequency of bullying is higher in Grades 6 and 8 than in Grade 10. Rural children are more often involved in bullying than their urban counterparts. Perpetrating and being a victim of bullying are associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment, although different patterns are observed among bullies, those bullied, and those who bully others and have been bullied. Health care professionals should be sensitive to bullying behaviors when identifying students with psychosocial maladjustment. Moreover, programs designed to prevent and intervene in school bullying would benefit from a holistic approach.

The Association Between Premorbid Conditions in School-Aged Children With Prolonged Concussion Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réjean M. Guerriero ◽  
Karameh Kuemmerle ◽  
Michael J. Pepin ◽  
Alex M. Taylor ◽  
Robert Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Prolonged Recovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Concussion Recovery ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The association between preexisting anxiety, depression, and/or neurodevelopmental disorders and symptom duration among younger children who sustain concussions is not well known. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of 569 patients presenting to a pediatric neurology clinic with the diagnosis of concussion. The authors measured associations between symptom duration and premorbid conditions, as well as gender, age, mechanism of injury, and other factors. Premorbid conditions were common in both age groups. On univariate modeling female gender, age >12 years, and premorbid conditions were associated with longer symptom duration. On multivariable modeling, females and patients ≤12 years old with a history of headaches, migraines, or a history of psychiatric conditions took significantly longer to recover than those without such conditions. Premorbid conditions are associated with a prolonged recovery from concussion among those patients ≤12 years old.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic brucellosis eleven-year audit from a tertiary hospital in Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05.1) ◽  
pp. 042S-050S
Author(s):  
Lilit Sargsyan ◽  
Karapet Davtyan ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
Samvel Gasparyan ◽  
Vladimir Davidyants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Acute Case ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: The incidence of brucellosis in Armenia in 2010 was twice as high as in other countries of the Caucasian region and has almost doubled over the last three decades. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with acute or chronic forms of presentation of human brucellosis. Methodology: Retrospective study using data from medical records of 455 patients hospitalized for the first time at the Nork Republican Infectious Disease Referral Hospital in Yerevan, Armenia between the years 2006 and 2016. We undertook descriptive analysis of cases, compared acute and chronic cases, and identified factors associated with acute and chronic cases using regression. Results: The majority of brucellosis cases had acute case presentation (73.0%), were males (70.3%), between the ages of 20-60 years (66.2%) and unemployed (89.9%). About two-thirds of cases reported a history of consumption of raw unpasteurized milk. The multivariate analysis revealed that factors associated with the form of brucellosis were age, symptom duration preadmission, fever, antibody titer, and hospitalization outcomes. Conclusion: This study revealed that brucellosis is unevenly distributed across different age groups, as well as regions of Armenia. Affected individuals did not seek medical attention after the onset of the symptoms for about 2 months. Therefore, the targeted educational campaigns could be of crucial importance to prevent the disease in humans, contribute to its early diagnosis and treatment.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Sexual harassment and psychological complaints: student- and class-level associations

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Brolin Låftman ◽  
Y Bjereld ◽  
B Modin ◽  
P Löfstedt
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Class ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Students who are subjected to sexual harassment at school report lower psychological well-being than those who are not exposed. Yet, it is possible that the occurrence of sexual harassment in the school class is stressful also for those who are not directly targeted, with potential negative effects on well-being for all students. The aim was to examine whether sexual harassment at the student- and at the class-level was associated with students' psychological complaints. Methods Data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) of 2017/18 was used, with information from students aged 11, 13 and 15 years (n = 3,720 distributed across 209 classes). Psychological complaints were constructed as a summative index of four items capturing how often the student had felt low, felt irritable or bad tempered, felt nervous, or had difficulties to fall asleep, during the past six months (Cronbach's alpha=0.78). Sexual harassment at the student-level was measured by one item concerning bullying at school: “Other students have exposed me to sexual jokes”. Students who reported that this had happened at least “2 or 3 times a month” were classified as exposed to sexual harassment at school. Sexual harassment at the class-level was defined as the school class proportion of students exposed to sexual harassment, reported in per cent. Two-level linear regression analysis was applied. Results Students who had been exposed to sexual harassment had higher levels of psychological complaints (b = 2.74, p &lt; 0.001). The proportion of students in the school class who had been exposed to sexual harassment was also associated with higher levels of psychological complaints, even when adjusting for sexual harassment at the student-level, gender and grade (b = 0.03, p = 0.015). Conclusions Sexual harassment is harmful for those who are exposed, but may also affect other students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual harassment will profit all students. Key messages Using data collected among students aged 11, 13 and 15 years, this study showed that sexual harassment at the student- and class-level was associated with higher levels of psychological complaints. Sexual harassment is harmful for those who are exposed, but may also affect other students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual harassment will profit all students.

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