Sexual harassment and psychological complaints: student- and class-level associations

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Brolin Låftman ◽  
Y Bjereld ◽  
B Modin ◽  
P Löfstedt
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Class ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Students who are subjected to sexual harassment at school report lower psychological well-being than those who are not exposed. Yet, it is possible that the occurrence of sexual harassment in the school class is stressful also for those who are not directly targeted, with potential negative effects on well-being for all students. The aim was to examine whether sexual harassment at the student- and at the class-level was associated with students' psychological complaints. Methods Data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) of 2017/18 was used, with information from students aged 11, 13 and 15 years (n = 3,720 distributed across 209 classes). Psychological complaints were constructed as a summative index of four items capturing how often the student had felt low, felt irritable or bad tempered, felt nervous, or had difficulties to fall asleep, during the past six months (Cronbach's alpha=0.78). Sexual harassment at the student-level was measured by one item concerning bullying at school: “Other students have exposed me to sexual jokes”. Students who reported that this had happened at least “2 or 3 times a month” were classified as exposed to sexual harassment at school. Sexual harassment at the class-level was defined as the school class proportion of students exposed to sexual harassment, reported in per cent. Two-level linear regression analysis was applied. Results Students who had been exposed to sexual harassment had higher levels of psychological complaints (b = 2.74, p < 0.001). The proportion of students in the school class who had been exposed to sexual harassment was also associated with higher levels of psychological complaints, even when adjusting for sexual harassment at the student-level, gender and grade (b = 0.03, p = 0.015). Conclusions Sexual harassment is harmful for those who are exposed, but may also affect other students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual harassment will profit all students. Key messages Using data collected among students aged 11, 13 and 15 years, this study showed that sexual harassment at the student- and class-level was associated with higher levels of psychological complaints. Sexual harassment is harmful for those who are exposed, but may also affect other students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual harassment will profit all students.

scholarly journals Sexual jokes at school and psychological complaints: Student- and class-level associations

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482097456
Author(s):  
Sara Brolin Låftman ◽  
Ylva Bjereld ◽  
Bitte Modin ◽  
Petra Löfstedt
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Class ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Class Level

Background: Students who are subjected to sexual harassment at school report lower psychological well-being than those who are not exposed. Yet, it is possible that the occurrence of sexual harassment in the school class is also stressful for those who are not directly targeted, with potential negative effects on well-being for all students. Aim: The aim was to examine whether exposure to sexual jokes at the student level and at the class level was associated with students’ psychological complaints, and if these associations differed by gender. Method: Data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) of 2017/18 was used, with information from students aged 11, 13 and 15 years ( N=3720 distributed across 209 classes). Psychological health complaints were constructed as an index based on four items. Exposure to sexual jokes at the student level was measured by one item, and at the class level as the class proportion of students exposed to sexual jokes, in per cent. Two-level linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Students who had been exposed to sexual jokes at school reported higher levels of psychological complaints, especially boys. Furthermore, the class proportion of students who had been exposed to sexual jokes was also associated with psychological complaints, even when adjusting for student-level exposure to sexual jokes, gender, grade and class size. Conclusions: Sexual jokes seem to be harmful for those who are directly exposed, but may also affect indirectly exposed students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual jokes may profit all students.

Correlates of Bullying Victimization and Sexual Harassment: Implications for Life Satisfaction in Late Adolescents

2019 ◽  
pp. 105984051986384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Oriol ◽  
Rafael Miranda ◽  
Alberto Amutio
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Face To Face

Bullying and sexual harassment are considered widespread public health concerns because they may have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, more studies are necessary that relate these forms of victimization and their overlap with subjective well-being. This study explores the prevalence and association between different forms of bullying victimization, sexual harassment, and life satisfaction using a sample of 47,114 students aged 16–18 years and from 646 Peruvian educational institutions. Face-to-face bullying was the most reported type of victimization, followed by cyberbullying. There was a large degree of overlap between these two forms of bullying as well as between traditional bullying and sexual harassment. This overlap causes a decrease in life satisfaction in late adolescents. Thus, the need of preventing the negative dynamics of violence in order to prevent the overlapping of different violence forms in adolescence is discussed. Finally, implications for school nurses are outlined.

Police Body-Worn Cameras: Effects on Officers’ Burnout and Perceived Organizational Support

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Adams ◽  
Sharon Mastracci
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Using Data

Police departments in the United States are rapidly adopting body-worn cameras (BWCs). To date, no study has investigated the effects of BWCs on police officers themselves, despite evidence suggesting negative effects of electronic performance monitoring on employee well-being. Police officers already experience higher levels of burnout than other professions. We hypothesize that the intense surveillance of BWCs will manifest in how police officers perceive the organizational support of their departments and will increase burnout. We test these hypotheses using data from patrol officers ( n = 271) and structural equation modeling. We find BWCs increase police officer burnout, and this effect is statistically different from zero. We also find that BWCs decrease officers’ perceived organizational support, which mediates the relationship between BWCs and burnout. Greater perceived organizational support can blunt the negative effects of BWCs. Our study is the first to situate effects on officers at the center of BWC literature.

scholarly journals Negative effects of psychotherapy: estimating the prevalence in a random national sample

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Strauss ◽  
Romina Gawlytta ◽  
Andrea Schleu ◽  
Dominique Frenzl
Keyword(s):  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Helping Alliance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Representative National Sample ◽  
Answering Questions

Background Negative or adverse effects of psychological treatments are increasingly a focus of psychotherapy research. Yet, we still know little about the prevalence of these effects. Aims Starting from a representative national sample, the prevalence of negative effects and malpractice was determined in a subsample of individuals reporting psychotherapy currently or during the past 6 years. Method Out of an initial representative sample of 5562 individuals, 244 were determined to have had psychotherapy within the past 6 years. Besides answering questions related to treatment, its effects and the therapists, patients filled out the Negative Effects Questionnaire, items of the Inventory of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy reflecting malpractice and the Helping Alliance Questionnaire, and rated psychotherapeutic changes in different areas. Results Rates of positive changes related to therapy varied between 26.6% (relationship to parents) and 67.7% (improvement in depressed mood). Deteriorations were most commonly related to physical well-being (13.1%), ability to work (13.1%) and vitality (11.1%). Although patients generally reported a positive helping alliance, many of them reported high rates of negative effects (though not always linked to treatment). This was especially true of the experience of unpleasant memories (57.8%), unpleasant feelings (30.3%) and a lack of understanding of the treatment/therapist (19.3/18.4%). Indicators of malpractice were less common, with the exception that 16.8% felt violated by statements of their therapist. Conclusions This study helps to better estimate aspects of negative effects in psychotherapy ranging from deteriorations, specific effects and issues of malpractice that should be replicated and specified in future studies.

scholarly journals A review of research in activity-based working over the last ten years: lessons for the post-COVID workplace

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samin Marzban ◽  
Christhina Candido ◽  
Martin Mackey ◽  
Lina Engelen ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Full Text Review

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map and describe findings from research conducted in workspaces designed to support activity-based working (ABW) over the past 10 years (2010–2020) with a view of informing post-COVID workplaces of the positive and negative attributes of ABW. Design/methodology/approach Scopus was used as the search engine for this review. Papers which reported findings related to ABW and performed field study in ABW workspaces with adult occupants were included. Out of the 442 initial papers, 40 papers were included following iterative title and abstract and full text review process and consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. These papers were divided into three groupings (organizational, human and physical environment) based on their major focus. Positive and negative effects of ABW environments on occupants are discussed within these three topics in consideration of the implications for the post-COVID workplace. Findings Although the included studies were inclined to be either more positive (i.e. interior design) or negative (i.e. indoor environmental quality, productivity, distraction and privacy) in relation to various attributes of ABW, no single effect of ABW environments on occupants was in full agreement between the studies. The shortcomings of ABW environments are more related to how this way of working is implemented and how occupants use it, rather than the concept itself. A partial uptake of ABW leads to occupants’ dissatisfaction, lower productivity and lower well-being, while a holistic approach increases the chance of success. It is hypothesised that many currently reported negative aspects of the ABW concept might diminish overtime as ABW evolves and as new challenges arise. A continuous post-occupancy evaluation after relocation to an ABW-supportive environment can inform the organization about the changing needs and preference of the occupants; hence, the organization can tailor the ABW solution to the arising needs. The inter-connection between the three key ABW pillars (organizational, human and physical environment) is crucial to the success of this concept specifically in the context of the post-COVID-19 workplace. Originality/value This paper highlights the key shortcomings and limitations of studies produced over the past decade and identifies keys gaps in the current body of literature. It provides a new insight on how findings related to open-plan offices designed to support ABW can be categorized on the three big heading of organizational, physical and human-related aspects, and further investigates the positive and negatives outcomes reported on ABW under these headings. It also discusses how the findings arising from this literature review can inform the post-COVID workplace.

scholarly journals Validation of Korean Version of the Hardiness Resilience Gauge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13535
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hyun Suh ◽  
Hana Lee ◽  
Paul T. Bartone
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Korean Version ◽  
Challenge Control ◽  
Acceptable Model ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Error Terms ◽  
Using Data

Hardiness and resilience are known as internal traits that buffer the negative effects of stress and play important roles in individuals’ well-being and psychological sustainability. This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the hardiness resilience gauge (HRG Korean). Reliability and validity were analyzed using data obtained from 389 Korean adults. Confirmatory factor analysis with three factors (challenge, control, and commitment) for the HRG Korean showed acceptable model fit, with satisfactory RMSEA and SRMR indices, allowing for some covariance in error terms. Cronbach’s α for challenge, control, commitment subscales, and the total HRG Korean were 0.84, 0.74, 0.86, and 0.92, respectively. Analyses of the concurrent validity revealed that the total score of the HRG Korean was closely correlated with the scores of the KHD-SF and MR-KA, which measure hardiness and resilience in Korea, respectively. In addition, the HRG Korean was relatively strongly correlated with life satisfaction and subjective happiness. These findings suggest that the HRG is a valid instrument for measuring Koreans’ hardiness and resilience to promote their well-being and sustainability.

scholarly journals The quest for acceptance: a blog-based study of autistic women's experiences and well-being during the identification and diagnosis of their autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Harmens ◽  
Felicity Sedgewick ◽  
Hannah Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Male Stereotypes ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: Mental wellbeing and the female experience are important research topics in the field of autism, and appear to interact, with autistic women appearing to show poorer outcomes in their wellbeing compared to men. Methods: Autistic women’s experiences of coming to recognise and understand their autism were explored, using data collected from blogs written by autistic women about their diagnostic or self-identification experiences. We were particularly interested in wellbeing, and how this contributed to, was affected by, and interacted with the identification and diagnostic process. Blogs from twenty bloggers were submitted to a thematic analysis. Results: The issue of acceptance was a strong central issue, under which we developed themes of self-understanding and self-acceptance, being understood and accepted by others (including peers, clinicians, and others in the autism community), and the exhaustion resulting from trying to be accepted and be understood, including when going through the diagnostic process, and after receiving a formal diagnosis. Conclusions: Diagnosis and identification have both positive and negative effects on autistic women’s well-being, with difficulties following diagnosis stemming from facing male stereotypes of autism. We consider the implications of our findings for clinicians, researchers and those that work with autistic women.

scholarly journals What will the coronavirus do to our kids? Parents in Austria dealing with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Zartler ◽  
Vera Dafert ◽  
Petra Dirnberger
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Parents Experiences

Objective: This study investigates parents' experiences in dealing with the potential negative effects of the pandemic on their offspring, and seeks to explicate (1) how parents have assessed their children's situations during the pandemic; (2) what challenges parents have experienced in accompanying their offspring through the crisis; and (3) what strategies parents have developed for helping their children cope with the effects of the pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying protection measures have placed heavy demands on parents and their children. Both groups have been shown to experience stress, as families have been forced to adjust their daily routines under rapidly changing circumstances. Method: Data are based on an Austrian qualitative longitudinal study, relying on interviews and diary entries of 98 parents of kindergarten- and school-aged children who have been contacted repeatedly since the first week of the first country-wide lockdown (nine waves of data collection between March and December 2020). Data analysis employs a combination of thematic analysis and the grounded theory coding scheme. Results: Results show that parents see the pandemic as having many detrimental effects, and very few positive effects, on their children’s emotional, physical and social well-being as well as their educational performance. Parents have experienced a wide variety of challenges (explaining the pandemic and the measures; handling emotions; managing new roles; accompanying children through repeated adaptation processes). To deal with these challenges, respondents developed four distinct strategies (structure, cohesion, information, and independence). Conclusion: We conclude that parents are making substantial contributions to society, and are shouldering large burdens in accompanying their children through the crisis. However, their capacity to meet all of their children’s needs is limited. Thus, to prevent the pandemic from having devastating long-term consequences, it is essential to provide sufficient support for children, parents, and families.

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