scholarly journals Cardiac dysfunction affects eye development and vision by reducing supply of lipids in fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Sorhus ◽  
Sonnich Meier ◽  
Carey Elizabeth Donald ◽  
Tomasz Furmanek ◽  
Rolf Brudvik Edvardsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Spinal Deformities ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Haddock Melanogrammus Aeglefinus

Developing organisms are especially vulnerable to environmental stressors. We aimed to understand the underlying mechanisms of phenanthrene (Phe) and crude oil induced eye malformations. We exposed Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) embryos to a known L-type calcium channel blocker, nicardipine hydrochloride (Nic), and compared to early embryonic crude oil (Oil) and late embryonic Phe toxicity. All treatments lead to severe, eye, jaw and spinal deformities at early larval stages. At 3 days post hatching, larvae from all treatments and corresponding controls were dissected. Eyes, trunk, head and yolk sac were subjected to lipid profiling, and eyes were also subjected to transcriptomic profiling. Changes in lipid profiles and the transcriptome suggested that the dysfunctional and abnormal eyes in our treatments were due to both disruption of signaling pathways and insufficient supply of essential fatty acids and other nutrients form the yolk.

scholarly journals Novel adverse outcome pathways revealed by chemical genetics in a developing marine fish

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Sørhus ◽  
John P Incardona ◽  
Tomasz Furmanek ◽  
Giles W Goetz ◽  
Nathaniel L Scholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Function ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathways

Crude oil spills are a worldwide ocean conservation threat. Fish are particularly vulnerable to the oiling of spawning habitats, and crude oil causes severe abnormalities in embryos and larvae. However, the underlying mechanisms for these developmental defects are not well understood. Here, we explore the transcriptional basis for four discrete crude oil injury phenotypes in the early life stages of the commercially important Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). These include defects in (1) cardiac form and function, (2) craniofacial development, (3) ionoregulation and fluid balance, and (4) cholesterol synthesis and homeostasis. Our findings suggest a key role for intracellular calcium cycling and excitation-transcription coupling in the dysregulation of heart and jaw morphogenesis. Moreover, the disruption of ionoregulatory pathways sheds new light on buoyancy control in marine fish embryos. Overall, our chemical-genetic approach identifies initiating events for distinct adverse outcome pathways and novel roles for individual genes in fundamental developmental processes.

scholarly journals Egg mortality of northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)†

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Langangen ◽  
Leif C. Stige ◽  
Natalia A. Yaragina ◽  
Frode B. Vikebø ◽  
Bjarte Bogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Arctic Cod ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Haddock Melanogrammus Aeglefinus

Abstract High and variable mortality during the egg and larval stages is thought to be an important source of interannual variability in stock size in many marine fish. However, quantitative information about the mortality during these life stages, especially interannual variability, is sparse. Here, we used a time-series covering 35 years (1959–1993) of survey data to estimate mortality during the egg stages of northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) and Northeast Arctic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Using a regression approach based on the numbers of eggs in different developmental stages, we calculated the mean instantaneous mortality rate of cod eggs to be 0.17 d−1 (95% CI: 0.15–0.19), which is significantly higher than that for haddock, 0.09 d−1 (95% CI: 0.07–0.12). Interannual variability in egg mortality ranges from ∼0.12 to ∼0.22 d−1 for cod and from ∼0.04 to ∼0.12 d−1 for haddock. The accuracy of these estimates was evaluated by the analysis of synthetic data constructed from a coupled physical–biological model, suggesting that mean mortality and the magnitude of interannual variability were estimated reliably, but not mortality for any given year.

Adhesion of mechanically and chemically dispersed crude oil droplets to eggs of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 640-641 ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Henrik Hansen ◽  
Lisbet Sørensen ◽  
Patricia Almeira Carvalho ◽  
Sonnich Meier ◽  
Andy M. Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Haddock Melanogrammus Aeglefinus

Modelling the dispersal and mortality of Browns Bank egg and larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519-2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brickman ◽  
Kenneth T Frank
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Abundance Data ◽  
Haddock Melanogrammus Aeglefinus

An early life stage model is described with constant mortality for egg and larval stages. The model is used to simulate the stage 4 egg and larval data for haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in southwest Nova Scotia for the years 1983-1985. The model is initialized using published abundance and mortality estimates for these years, and its output is compared with field data. We find that the model does a systematically poor job of reproducing both the spatial-temporal and area-integrated versions of the data. To understand the discrepancy, we derive an integrated version of the model (integral model) and analyze its properties. This leads to a general method for determining whether sequential stage abundance data is consistent with a stage-dependent constant-mortality model. We use this method to show that a constant-mortality early life stage model is not consistent with the data. The integral model allows for year-day dependent mortality functions, which results in almost perfect fits to the abundance data. These functions can be transferred to the early life stage model with significantly improved model performance, although spatial differences remain. The implications of the integral-model analysis for sequential stage mortality estimation are discussed.

Recent Growth, Biochemical Composition and Prey Field of Larval Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) on Georges Bank

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Buckley ◽  
R. G. Lough
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Prey Biomass ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
Haddock Melanogrammus Aeglefinus

A transect across southern Georges Bank in May 1983 showed higher levels of available prey for haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and cod (Gadus morhua) larvae at two stratified sites than at a well-mixed site. At the stratified sites, prey biomass was high (30–300 μg dry wt∙L−1) near the surface above the thermocline; values were lower and more uniform with depth (10–30 μg dry wt∙L−1) at the well-mixed site. Larval population centers generally coincided with prey biomass vertically. Recent growth in dry weight of haddock larvae as estimated by RNA–DNA ratio analysis was higher at the stratified sites (8–13%∙d−1) than at the well-mixed site (7%∙d−1). Larvae appeared to be in excellent condition at the stratified sites, but up to 50% of haddock larvae from the well-mixed site had RNA–DNA ratios in the range observed for starved larvae in the laboratory. Cod collected at the same site were in better condition and growing faster than haddock. The data support the hypotheses that (1) stratified conditions in the spring favor good growth and survival of haddock larvae and (2) cod larvae are better adapted to grow and survive in well-mixed waters at lower levels of available food than haddock larvae.

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