scholarly journals Cross-neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 patients: Comparison of four waves of the pandemic in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Furukawa ◽  
Lidya Handayani Tjan ◽  
Silvia Sutandhio ◽  
Yukiya Kurahashi ◽  
Sachiyo Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Activity ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Spread Of Infection

In March 2021, Japan is facing a 4th wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To prevent further spread of infection, sera cross-neutralizing activity of patients previously infected with conventional SARS-CoV-2 against novel variants is important but is not firmly established. We investigated the neutralizing potency of 81 COVID-19 patients' sera from 4 waves of pandemic against SARS-CoV-2 variants using their authentic viruses. Most sera had neutralizing activity against all variants, showing similar activity against B.1.1.7 and D614G, but lower activity especially against B.1.351. In the 4th wave, sera-neutralizing activity against B.1.1.7 was significantly higher than that against any other variants, including D614G. The cross-neutralizing activity of convalescent sera was effective against all variants but was potentially weaker for B.1.351.

scholarly journals Cross-neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 patients: Comparison of four waves of the pandemic in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Furukawa ◽  
Lidya Handayani Tjan ◽  
Silvia Sutandhio ◽  
Yukiya Kurahashi ◽  
Sachiyo Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Change ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Lower Activity ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Abstract Background In March 2021, Japan is facing a 4th wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To prevent further spread of infection, sera cross-neutralizing activity of patients previously infected with conventional SARS-CoV-2 against novel variants is important but is not firmly established. Methods We investigated the neutralizing potency of 81 COVID-19 patients' sera from the 1st–4th waves of pandemic against SARS-CoV-2 D614G, B.1.1.7, P.1, and B.1.351 variants using their authentic viruses. Results Most sera had neutralizing activity against all variants, showing similar activity against B.1.1.7 and D614G, but lower activity especially against B.1.351. In the 4th wave, sera-neutralizing activity against B.1.1.7 was significantly higher than that against any other variants, including D614G. The sera-neutralizing activity in less-severe patients was lower than that of more-severe patients for all variants. Conclusions The cross-neutralizing activity of convalescent sera was effective against all variants but was potentially weaker for B.1.351. The high neutralizing activity specific for B.1.1.7 in the 4th wave suggests that the mutations in the virus might cause conformational change of its spike protein, which affects immune recognition for D614G. Our results indicate that individuals who recover from COVID-19 could be protected from the severity caused by infection with newly emerging variants.

scholarly journals The Cross-Neutralizing Activity of Enterovirus 71 Subgenotype C4 Vaccines in Healthy Chinese Infants and Children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e79599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunying Mao ◽  
Tong Cheng ◽  
Fengcai Zhu ◽  
Jingxin Li ◽  
Yiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Antibody Cocktail Exhibits Broad Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Qu ◽  
Xueyan Zhang ◽  
Meiyu Wang ◽  
Lina Sun ◽  
Yongzhong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Escape ◽  
Conformational Epitope ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Phage Display Libraries ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Antibody Phage ◽  
Antibody Phage Display

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has precipitated multiple variants resistant to therapeutic antibodies. In this study, 12 high-affinity antibodies were generated from convalescent donors in early outbreaks using immune antibody phage display libraries. Of them, two RBD-binding antibodies (F61 and H121) showed high affinity neutralization against SARS-CoV-2, whereas three S2-target antibodies failed to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Following structure analysis, F61 identified a linear epitope located in residues G446 - S494, which overlapped with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding sites, while H121 recognized a conformational epitope located on the side face of RBD, outside from ACE2 binding domain. Hence the cocktail of the two antibodies achieved better performance of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, F61 and H121 exhibited efficient neutralizing activity against variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, those showed immune escape. Efficient neutralization of F61 and H121 against multiple mutations within RBD revealed a broad neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, which mitigated the risk of viral escape. Our findings defined the basis of therapeutic cocktails of F61 and H121 with broad neutralization and delivered a guideline for the current and future vaccine design, therapeutic antibody development, and antigen diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and its novel variants.

scholarly journals Weak Cross-Lineage Neutralization by Anti SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies after Natural Infection or Vaccination Is Rescued by Repeated Immunological Stimulation

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Sara Caucci ◽  
Benedetta Corvaro ◽  
Sofia Maria Luigia Tiano ◽  
Anna Valenza ◽  
Roberta Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Anamnestic Response ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year

After over one year of evolution, through billions of infections in humans, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into a score of slightly divergent lineages. A few different amino acids in the spike proteins of these lineages can hamper both natural immunity against reinfection, and vaccine efficacy. In this study, the in vitro neutralizing potency of sera from convalescent COVID-19 patients and vaccinated subjects was analyzed against six different SARS-CoV-2 lineages, including the latest B.1.617.2 (or Delta variant), in order to assess the cross-neutralization by anti-spike antibodies. After both single dose vaccination, or natural infection, the neutralizing activity was low and fully effective only against the original lineage, while a double dose or a single dose of vaccine, even one year after natural infection, boosted the cross-neutralizing activity against different lineages. Neither binding, nor the neutralizing activity of sera after vaccination, could predict vaccine failure, underlining the need for additional immunological markers. This study points at the importance of the anamnestic response and repeated vaccine stimulations to elicit a reasonable cross-lineage neutralizing antibody response.

Comparison of the Cross-Reactive Anti-Influenza Neutralizing Activity of Polymeric and Monomeric IgA Monoclonal Antibodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tanimoto ◽  
Ahmad M. Haredy ◽  
Nobuyuki Takenaka ◽  
Shin-Ichi Tamura ◽  
Yoshinobu Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals In vivoevaluation of the cross-genotype neutralizing activity of polyclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus

Hepatology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Meuleman ◽  
Jens Bukh ◽  
Lieven Verhoye ◽  
Ali Farhoudi ◽  
Thomas Vanwolleghem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
The Cross

The Cross-Clade Neutralizing Activity of a Human Monoclonal Antibody Is Determined by the GPGR V3 Motif of HIV Type 1

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1254-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Zolla-Pazner ◽  
Ping Zhong ◽  
Kathy Revesz ◽  
Barbara Volsky ◽  
Constance Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
The Cross

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Structures Resembling Striated Rootlets in Oocytes

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Valerie V. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Fibrous Structure ◽  
Oocyte Development ◽  
The Cross

During the earliest stage of oocyte development in the limpet, Acmea scutum, Golgi complexes are small, few and randomly dispersed in the cytoplasm. As growth proceeds, the Golgi complexes increase in size and number and migrate to the periphery of the cell. At this time, fibrous structures resembling striated rootlets occur associated with the Golgi complexes. Only one fibrous structure appears to be associated with a Golgi complex.The fibers are periodically cross banded with an average of 4 dense fibrils and 6 lighter fibrils per period (Fig. 1). The cross fibrils have a center to center spacing of about 7 run which appears to be the same as that of the striated rootlets of the gill cilia in this animal.

Energy Distribution in Electron Beams

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Integral Curve ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Angular Divergence ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Integral Width ◽  
The Cross

The energy distribution in an electron; beam from an electron gun provided with a biased Wehnelt cylinder was measured by a retarding potential analyser. All the measurements were carried out with a beam of small angular divergence (<3xl0-4 rad) to eliminate the apparent increase of energy width as pointed out by Ichinokawa.The cross section of the beam from a gun with a tungsten hairpin cathode varies as shown in Fig.1a with the bias voltage Vg. The central part of the beam was analysed. An example of the integral curve as well as the energy spectrum is shown in Fig.2. The integral width of the spectrum ΔEi varies with Vg as shown in Fig.1b The width ΔEi is smaller than the Maxwellian width near the cut-off. As |Vg| is decreased, ΔEi increases beyond the Maxwellian width, reaches a maximum and then decreases. Note that the cross section of the beam enlarges with decreasing |Vg|.

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