scholarly journals Inequalities in initiation of COVID19 vaccination by age and population group in Israel- December 2020-April 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanay Gorelik ◽  
Michael Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Binomial Regression

Background: In Israel, COVID19 vaccination coverage varies widely by population group and age. Despite the vaccine being locally and freely available in the entire country. Comparing crude coverage between localities and population groups is misleading because of differing age structures in different population groups. In order to describe inequalities in COVID19 vaccine initiation we determined differences in age-specific dose 1 vaccine coverage between the main population groups in Israel, and characterised the influence of age on vaccine coverage within each of these groups. Methods: We obtained daily doses administered by municipality and age from the Ministry of Health, and demographic data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. We determined whether the relative proportion of people vaccinated in each age group (15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60+) changed by population group (General Jewish, Ultra-Orthodox and Arab) using ANOVA and quantified association between age, population group and vaccine coverage using binomial regression. Results: 8,507,723 individuals in 268 localities were included. Compared with the General Jewish population, vaccine coverage was lower among the Arab and Ultra-Orthodox populations and lowest in the Ultra-Orthodox population in all age groups. Gaps between population groups differed according to age group (p<0.001). In all populations, coverage decreased with decreasing age (p<0.001). The Ultra-orthodox population was the least vaccinated in all age groups relatively to those aged 60 and over. Conclusions: In all age groups, the Ultra-Orthodox population had the lowest vaccine coverage. The younger the age group, the more Ultra-Orthodox Jews are diverging from their age peers in terms of initiating COVID19 vaccination. These findings suggest generational differences in terms of vaccination behaviour in this group. Qualitative studies understanding the causes behind this divergence can inform tailored vaccination strategies.

scholarly journals Age Related Variation in Feminine Handwriting among Population Groups of Delhi, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vijit Deepani ◽  
A.K Kapoor ◽  
Monika Saini
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micro Features ◽  
Lower Loop

Background: Handwriting is a uniquely human trait which progresses and evolves during lifetime and declines with age. The aim of the present paper is to assess variation in handwriting features with age among female writers of select population groups of Delhi, India (for roman script). Method: A total of 405 handwritten samples were obtained from female (n=405) writers in the age range of 14-60 years. Writers were stratified into three age groups (≤ 18 years, 19-38 years and ≥39 years) in accordance to population group. Macro- and micro-features of handwriting were extracted from the scanned handwritten samples. These features were subjected to statistical analysis in the objective driven research. Result: The mean difference among age groups for pen pressure, height of handwriting and handwriting connectivity was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Significant difference was also observed among age groups for all micro-features of handwriting selected in the present study, namely, nature of ‘i’ – dot (p < 0.001), nature of lower loop of ‘g’ (p < 0.01); nature of‘d’- stem (p < 0.01), nature of ‘m’-hump (p < 0.05) and ‘r’- shape (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that there was a significant variation in both macro- and micro- features of handwriting with respect to age of the writer. Pen pressure, height of handwriting and handwriting connectivity were prominent macro-features that addressed age related variation in handwriting. In addition, significant variation was observed among age groups for all micro-features of handwriting selected in the present study. The present study has immense forensic significance as it can assist to analyze age of the writer on the basis of handwriting characteristics.

scholarly journals Demographic and autopsy characteristics of drowning deaths in a major autopsy center of Gandaki province of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Madan Prasad Baral ◽  
Nuwadatta Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Autopsy Examination ◽  
The Common

Background: Autopsy examination is mandatory in all unnatural deaths as per law of Nepal and thus all deaths due to drowning are undergone medico legal autopsy. This study aims to analyze the demographic and autopsy characteristics of drowning deaths in cases brought for medico legal autopsy at a major autopsy center of Gandaki province of Nepal. Methods: This study was conducted based on review of database in a period of two years among 53 corpses of drowning related deaths. The demographic data and relevant information from the inquest and autopsy report of such cases were collected and presented. Result: The commonest age group involved in drowning deaths was <20 years, attributing to 22 (41.5%) cases, and with males (41, 77.4%) more common than females. Suicidal drowning (34, 64.2%) was the commonest manner. Maximum (19, 35.8%) deaths occurred in the rainy season and on lakes (34, 64.1%). Conclusion: Drowning deaths were more common among males of young age groups. Most of the drownings occurred during the rainy season, lakes were the common sites of drowning, and the commonest manner was suicidal.

scholarly journals Patterns of Dermatological manifestation in patients attending Pediatric outpatient department

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Arjun Bhattarai ◽  
Bandana Shrestha ◽  
Ravi Raj Timasina ◽  
Nawaraj KC ◽  
Shankar Poudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Common Category ◽  
Children Health

Background: Dermatological manifestations in children contribute to significant morbidity and psychological distress. Children with dermatological problems constitute a major bulk of the patients presenting to the Outpatient department. The study was conducted with an objective to find out the pattern of skin disease among the various pediatric age group. Method: We analyzed epidemiological data of 612 patients, aged 1 months to 15 years, who were referred to the Dermatology outpatient from the Pediatric outpatient between 2nd Baisakh 2075 to 31 Chaitra 2076. Demographic data and the frequency of the various diagnoses in various age groups were studied. Result: The most common category of diagnosis was infection in 35.78%, followed by allergic reaction in 33.50% and infestations in 14.22%, other dermatosis in 13.07%, while multiple diagnosis was found in 3.43%. Among all diagnostic groups, Scabies was the most common (14.22%) followed by Urticaria (11.92%). Conclusion: Comparison of the common dermatosis with the age group showed a strongly significant effect on occurrence of common dermatosis. Their incidence can be brought down by improving nutrition and personal hygiene of children. Health and wellness of school going children reflects the health status of a community. Our study provides a preliminary baseline data for future epidemiological and clinical research.  

EPIDEMIC SHIGELLA GASTROENTERITIS (BACILLARY DYSENTERY) IN AN ENDEMIC AREA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
MILTON FEIG
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Population Group ◽  
One Year

The clinical aspects of acute bacillary dysentery as observed in an outbreak among a general population group in a highly endemic area are presented; age-specific clinical variations are noted. The onset was abrupt in all cases and all age-groups. The height of the illness in 84% of 106 cases was reached in 24 hours, more rapidly than in the "classical" form (3 to 5 days). The presence of blood in the stools was noted in about 25% of all cases; in about 25% of the 0 through 5 year age-group, 50% of the 6 through 10 year group, 37½% of the 11 through 15 year age-group, and 9 to 10% in the groups 16 years of age and over. The median number of stools was 9 to 10 daily, with no significant difference among the various age-groups. Fever was present in 65% of the children 10 years of age and under (55 cases), and in 35% of the older age-groups (40 cases). Vomiting is more frequent among the younger age-groups; weakness becomes a more frequent complaint with advancing age. The median duration of illness was 5.5 days in 100 cases. There was no correlation observed between age and duration. Recurrences are more frequently observed in the youngest age-groups—36% of all cases (14) under one year of age, 28% of 39 cases between 1-2 years of age. About 9% of the 26 and over age-group (34 cases) recurred, and practically none in the intervening groups. No relationship was observed between the tendency towards recurrences in households with multiple cases as compared with single cases. All the fatalities were under one year of age. Two deaths occurred in the cases studied, yielding an age-specific death rate of 14.3% for this group. Five other deaths in cases not included in this report are noted, all under one year of age; 2 caused by "infant diarrhea" and 3 by bronchopneumonia with "chronic diarrhea" as a contributing cause. The role of acquired immunity in the modification of bacillary dysentery can be evaluated from studies of attack rates and the clinical course of the disease, through age-specific groupings. Investigators should clearly define such basic terms as duration, recurrences, etc., when reporting so that necessary comparisons and/or data summation can be made.

scholarly journals Consumers in New Millennium: Attitudes towards Adoption of New Technologies in Purchasing Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janka Kopaničová ◽  
Dagmar Klepochová
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Purchasing Process

Abstract The use of new technologies has brought many changes into consumer behaviour, especially into purchasing process. The aim of the article is to uncover the attitudes of different generations towards usage of new technologies in purchasing process and determine if the diffusion of innovative purchasing process is significantly different among different generations. The article presents the results of authors´ research of usage of new technologies in purchasing process, as well as attitudes towards it, among different age groups - Generation X, Y, Z and seniors. Results of hybrid research carried out by semi-structured interviews with 551 respondents show, that there are significant generational differences in all three components of attitude towards online purchase, which can be - due to its characteristics- considered the most complex use of new technologies in purchasing process. Results prove that the diffusion of innovation in the purchasing process is significantly influenced by the age group. With age the number of Innovators significantly drops and the percentage of Laggards rises. The ratio of those adopting “early” and “late” significantly changes according to age group as well. Majority of younger respondents are accepting the new technologies into purchasing process early (Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority). Middle-aged consumers accept the innovations proportionally - copying the Roger´s curve. Among seniors, the majority is “late” (Late Majority and Laggards).

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical profile of patients attending a mental health camp: A study from Kanchanpur district of western Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
TA Khan ◽  
M Belbase
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Age Group

Background: Mental health is an ignored area of general health care system despite the magnitude of problem and financial burden on families and whole country. In our country, psychiatric services are out of reach to majority of population because of inadequate mental health professionals, lack of awareness and lack of proper mental health policy. This study is conducted with the objective to know socio-demographic and diagnostic profile of patients from a mental health check up camp conducted at Belauri, Kanchanpur district from far western region of Nepal. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study, comprised of all consecutive participants i.e. 128 patients attending Maryknoll mental health check up camp at Belauri town of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. The Study was performed in March 2013. Socio-demographic data and clinical diagnosis based on International Classification of Disease- 10 diagnostic research criteria were collected and analyzed.   Results: Out of 128 subjects studied, highest number of participants (35.94%) belonged to age group 21- 30 yrs followed by age group 11-20 yrs (18.75%) and age group 31-40 yrs (16.40%). The most common psychiatric morbidity was found to be Neurotic, stress related & somatoform disorders (23.45%) followed by mood disorder in 24 (18.75%) patients and Headache (Migraine & Tension type) in 18 (14.07%) patients.   Conclusion: The commonest age group affected with mental illness is younger age groups and Neurotic, stress related & somatoform disorders are the most common psychiatric morbidity followed by mood disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9724   J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 35-38 

The Validity of the Senior South African Individual Scale-Revised (SSAIS-R) for Different Population Groups

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
René van Eeden ◽  
Deléne Visser
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
South African ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
African Individual ◽  
Individual Scale ◽  
Intellectual Level

The Senior South African Individual Scale-Revised (SSAIS-R) was developed jointly for coloured, white and Indian pupils. The functioning of the scale for a sample in which the three population groups were represented proportionally is described in the test manual. In the present study the validity of the scale for each group was investigated by performing factor analyses and by obtaining correlations with other intelligence tests and examination scores. The results demonstrated the construct and predictive validity of the SSAIS-R for each group. Although the factor structures corresponded for the groups, coefficients of congruence indicated that the construct being measured differed to some extent for some age groups. Differences in correlations with external criteria between the various groups imply that the value of the scale for classification according to intellectual level and for the prediction of academic achievement also varied to some extent for the respective groups. The scale may safely be used in educational situations to differentiate between pupils within any one population group. However, the results of the study should be kept in mind when norms are used to differentiate between members of the three population groups.

P033 POPULATION-LEVEL HPV VACCINATION COVERAGE AMONG U.S. ADULT IBD PATIENTS: STILL NOT ENOUGH

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S65-S65
Author(s):  
Ryan Suk ◽  
Heetae Suk ◽  
Keith Sigel ◽  
Kalyani Sonawane ◽  
Ashish Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Old Patients

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may have an elevated risk of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers when compared with those without IBD. HPV vaccination has been recommended for 11 to 26 years old males and females. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated the guideline to include adults aged 27 to 45 who are not adequately vaccinated. To the best of our knowledge, population-level HPV vaccine uptake rates among patients with IBD remains unknown. Methods We used 2015–2016 National Health Information Survey (NHIS) data to assess the HPV vaccination coverage among people with IBD in the US. Weighted counts and percentages were estimated using survey design for the population-level results. We identified those who reportedly were told by a doctor or healthcare professional that they have IBD. Then we stratified the patients into two age groups: HPV-vaccine eligible age group (age 18–26) and newly approved age group (age 27–45). Our outcome was vaccine coverage status assessed as vaccine initiation age and number of doses. When the initiation age was less than 15, two doses were defined as “completed” and when the age was 15 and older, three doses were defined as “completed”. When the participants had initiated the vaccine but have not completed all the required doses according to their initiation age, it was defined as “incomplete” while no dose was defined as “no vaccine”. We estimated the coverage rate by age group and sex. We used Wald chi-square test to examine differences in completion rate by sex. Results We identified 951 participants (population estimate: 3,121,387) who self-reportedly had IBD. Among those, 51 persons (population estimate: 191,830) were HPV vaccine-eligible aged and 219 persons (population estimate: 859,711) were newly approved aged. Only 3.2% men while 63.2% of eligible women completed vaccination series as recommended. Eligible men had higher rates of incompletion compared to women (13.8% vs 1.3%). A higher proportion of vaccine-eligible men (83.0%) did not initiate the HPV vaccine compared to women (35.5%) (p=0.001). Among the newly approved age group, only 0.5% of men completed vaccine and 1.3% did not complete their doses. In women, 2.3% was complete with the doses and 9.6% initiated but did not complete the vaccine (p &lt;0.001). Conclusion IBD patients might greatly benefit from receiving HPV vaccination given the possibly high risk of HPV-associated cancers. However, the coverage for vaccine-eligible IBD patients was not enough and much lower than the goal of 80% coverage in Healthy People 2020. Moreover, according to the updated guideline, 27 to 45 years old patients who are not adequately vaccinated would be able to catch up their vaccination. Further study needs to be focused on promoting and informing HPV vaccination in IBD patients, for both currently vaccine-eligible patients and those who are aged between 27 and 45 and not adequately vaccinated.

scholarly journals Assessing real-world vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection from routine surveillance data in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanina Anderegg ◽  
Christian L Althaus ◽  
Samuel Colin ◽  
Anthony Hauser ◽  
Anne Laube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Over Time

Background. In Switzerland, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns started early 2021. Vaccine coverage reached 65% of the population in December 2021, mostly using mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech. Simultaneously, the proportion of vaccinated among COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths rose, creating some confusion in the general population. We aim to assess vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection using routine surveillance data on the vaccination status of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths and data on vaccination coverage in Switzerland.Methods. We consider all routine surveillance data on COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths received at the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health from 1 July 2021 to 1 December 2021. We estimate the relative risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization or death for non-fully vaccinated compared to fully vaccinated individuals, adjusted for the dynamics of vaccination coverage over time, by age and location. We stratify the analysis by age group and by calendar month. We assess variations in the relative risk of hospitalization associated with the time since vaccination.Results. We include a total of 5,948 COVID-19-related hospitalizations of which 1,245 (21%) were fully vaccinated, and a total of 739 deaths of which 259 (35%) were fully vaccinated. We find that the relative risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization is 12.5 (95%CI: 11.7 to 13.4) times higher for non-fully vaccinated than for fully vaccinated individuals. This translates into a vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization of 92.0% (95%CI: 91.4 to 92.5%). Vaccine effectiveness against death is estimated to 90.3% (95%CI: 88.6 to 91.8%). Effectiveness appears comparatively lower in age groups over 70 and during the months of October and November 2021. We also find evidence of a decrease in vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization for individuals vaccinated for 25 weeks or more, but this decrease only appears in age groups below 70.Conclusions. The observed proportions of vaccinated among COVD-19-related hospitalizations and deaths in Switzerland are compatible with a high effectiveness of mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech against hospitalization and death in all age groups. Effectiveness appears comparatively lower in older age groups, suggesting the importance of booster vaccinations. We find inconclusive evidence that vaccine effectiveness is waning over time. Repeated analyses will be able to better assess waning and the effect of boosters.

scholarly journals Progression of myopia in teenagers and adults: a nationwide longitudinal study of a prevalent cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319568
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ducloux ◽  
Simon Marillet ◽  
Pierre Ingrand ◽  
Mark A Bullimore ◽  
Rupert R A Bourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Myopia ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Prevalent Cohort ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundThe prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of myopia in teenagers and adults in France.MethodsThis nationwide prospective study followed 630 487 myopic adults and teenagers (mean age 43.4 years±18.2, 59.8% of women) between January 2013 and January 2019. Myopia and high myopia were defined as a spherical equivalent less than or equal to –0.50 and –6.00 diopters (D), respectively. Demographic data were collected at first visit and refractive characteristics were collected at each visit. Analysis of short-term progression (first 12 to 26 months postbaseline) was modelled using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Progression of myopia was stratified according to age, gender and spherical equivalent at first visit.ResultsHigher proportions of progressors were observed in the youngest age groups: 14–15 (18.2 %) and 16–17 years old (13.9 %). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for over age, spherical equivalent and gender, the mean short-term progression decreased from –0.36 D in the 14–15 years age group to –0.13 D in the 28–29 years age group. Young age and higher myopia at baseline together were strongly associated with the risk of developing high myopia, the 5-year cumulative risk being 76% for youngest teenager with higher myopia status at baseline.ConclusionIn this large cohort of myopic teenagers and adults, myopia progression was reported in 18.2% and 13.9% of the 14–15 and 16–17 age groups, respectively. The risk to develop high myopia was higher for younger individuals with higher myopia at baseline examination.

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