scholarly journals Iron-dependent mutualism between Chlorella sorokiniana and Ralstonia pickettii forms the basis for a sustainable bioremediation system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Rawat ◽  
Udita Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Poria ◽  
Arran Finlan ◽  
Brenda Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Ralstonia Pickettii ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Micronutrient Availability

Mutualism between microalgae and bacteria is ubiquitous, but remains underexplored as a basis for biodegradation of anthropogenic pollutants. In industrial systems, poor iron uptake by microalgae limits growth, bioprocessing efficacy, and bioremediation potential. Iron supplementation is costly and ineffective because iron remains insoluble in aqueous medium and biologically unavailable. In aquatic environments, microalgae develop an association with bacteria that solubilize iron by production of siderophore, which increases the bioavailability of iron as a public good. Algae, in exchange, provides dissolved organic matter to bacteria to sustain such interkingdom associations. Therefore, using a case study of azo dye degradation, we combine environmental isolations and synthetic ecology as a workflow, establishing a microbial community to degrade industrially relevant Acid Black 1 dye. We create a mutualism between previously non-associated chlorophyte alga Chlorella sorokiniana and siderophore-producing bacterium Ralstonia pickettii, based on the eco-evolutionary principle of exchange of iron and carbon. This siderophore-mediated increased iron bioavailability increases reductive iron uptake, growth rate, and azoreductase-mediated dye degradation of microalga. In exchange, C. sorokiniana produces galactose, glucose, and mannose as major extracellular monosaccharides, supporting bacterial growth. We propose a mechanism whereby extracellular ferrireductase is crucial for azoreductase-mediated dye degradation in microalgae. Our work demonstrates that bioavailability of iron, which is often overlooked in industrial bio-designs, governs microalgal growth and enzymatic processes. Our results suggest that algal-bacterial consortia based on the active association are a self-sustainable mechanism to overcome existing challenges of micronutrient availability in bioremediation systems and their industrial translation.

The Transportation – Production Tradeoff in the Regional Environmental Impact of Industrial Systems: A Case Study in the Paper Sector

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M Vanek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Commodity Flow ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Product Manufacturing

The author presents a methodology which is used first to model a product-manufacturing-and-distribution system, and then to predict the resulting changes in environmental impact from changes either in taxation or in costs of inputs. A case study of the paper sector in the eastern and central United States is developed, derived from the 1993 US Commodity Flow Survey. From an analysis of five scenarios, two central findings arise: (1) the model is found to be unresponsive to even large changes in transport taxation, so an environmental policy which considers both transportation and production aspects at the same time is favored, and (2) fluctuations in raw-material costs can have an influence on environmental impact as great as or greater than that of changes in taxation levels.

Economic Performance Assessment Model for Industrial Systems: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 683-688
Author(s):  
Flavia Fechete ◽  
Anișor Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
A Company

Performance a nalysis of an organization has a major role in setting t he strategy followed especially during the financial crisis. In what follows we performed a financial analysis, based on data from the balance sheet and profit and loss account of a company that produces and sells crystal sugar, using a system of indicators that are relevant. Using the results of this economic analysis we can draw certain conclusions according to which can forecast future developments. I tried to use a number of indicators of a system that defines, in the end, a model for analyzing the economic performance of a compa ny. The research focused on the application of the diagnostic performance of agreed financial data recorded by that company.

scholarly journals Iron Bioavailability from Multiple Biofortified Foods Using an in Vitro Digestion, Caco-2 Assay for Optimizing a Cyclic Menu for a Randomized Efficacy Trial (P10-029-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Gannon ◽  
Raymond Glahn ◽  
Saurabh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Objectives A multiple biofortified food crop trial targeting iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies among young children and their breastfeeding mothers is planned in India. We sought to determine iron bioavailability from biofortified and conventional crop mixes representative of planned meal components. Methods A 24-meal menu was developed based on pearl millet, sweet potato, and lentils targeted for a feeding trial. Crops were procured from India, cooked, and freeze-dried before two rounds of an established in vitro digestion/Caco-2 iron bioavailability assay. Samples used a fixed weight adjusted for sweet potato water content. Representative crop proportions were determined using k-means clustering, combined such that samples included either all biofortified or all control crop varieties, and analyzed in triplicate. Outcomes were Caco-2 iron uptake and uptake normalized to iron per sample for fractional bioavailability. Data were analyzed with generalized linear models in SAS accounting for crop proportions and variety. Results Across both experiments, biofortified pearl millet alone demonstrated higher iron uptake than conventional varieties (5.01 ± 1.66 vs. 2.17 ± 0.96 ng ferritin/mg protein, P ≤ 0.036). Addition of sweet potato to pearl millet did not change iron uptake for biofortified varieties (P ≥0.13), but increased control iron uptake for all amounts of sweet potato (P ≤ 0.006), which did not differ from biofortified varieties (P ≥ 0.08). Lentil proportion increased iron uptake (β = 4.6 ± 2.2, P = 0.009), with no effect of variety or a lentil by variety interaction (P ≥ 0.56). The overall effect estimate of biofortified vs. control was (β = 1.79 ± 0.91, P = 0.08). Iron uptake normalized to iron per sample was higher for control crops (P ≤ 0.02), and enhanced by sweet potato, while inhibited by pearl millet (both P < 0.001). Conclusions A Caco-2 assay predicts that biofortified pearl millet alone has greater iron bioavailability than control pearl millet. The addition of sweet potato and lentils increased overall and relative iron bioavailability, while reducing differences between biofortified and control varieties. Matrix effects, processing, and promoters/inhibitors of iron absorption should be considered in addition to total iron concentration when optimizing iron bioavailability. Funding Sources This work was supported by HarvestPlus and the USDA. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals A model tool for assessing real-time mixing of mineral and anthropogenic pollutants in East Asia: a case study of April 2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 3603-3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lasserre ◽  
G. Cautenet ◽  
C. Bouet ◽  
X. Dong ◽  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions

Abstract. In order to assess the complex mixing of atmospheric anthropogenic and natural pollutants over the East Asian region, we present a modelling tool which takes into account the main aerosols which are to be found simultaneously over China, Korea and Japan during springtime. Using the mesoscale RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) tool, we present a simulation of natural (desert) dust events along with some of the most critical anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia, sulphur elements (SO2 and SO2-4) and Black Carbon (BC). As regards a one-week case study of dust events which occurred during late April 2005 over an area extending from the Gobi deserts to the Japan surroundings, we satisfactorily model the behaviours of the different aerosol plumes. We focus on possible dust mixing with the anthropogenic pollutants from megacities. For both natural and anthropogenic pollution, the model results are in fairly good agreement with the horizontal and vertical distributions of concentrations as measured by in situ LIDAR, and as observed in remote data, PM10 data and literature. In particular, we show that a simplified chemistry approach of this complex issue is sufficient to model this event, with a real-time step of 3 h. The model reproduces the main patterns and orders of magnitude for Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and species contributions (via the Angström Exponent) when compared with the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data.

Sucrosomial Iron®: A New Highly Bioavaible Oral Iron Supplement

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4561-4561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germano Tarantino ◽  
Elisa Brilli ◽  
Ylenia Zambito ◽  
Giulio Giordano ◽  
Francesco Equitani
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Sucrose Esters ◽  
Absorption Enhancers ◽  
Ferric Pyrophosphate ◽  
Ferritin Synthesis

Abstract Introduction: Iron deficiency is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiencies. Globally two billion people are suffering from iron- deficiency anemia (Hermida et al., 2010). Oral therapy for iron deficiency is mainly based on immediate release formulations of ferrous iron. However, modified formulations have been marketed to reduce gastrointestinal side effects and to prevent iron instability in the gastrointestinal tract. Overcoming biological barriers, including the gastrointestinal epithelial barriers, is a great challenge for pharmaceutical research and thus there is a need for new absorption enhancers with more favorable profile. Sucrose esters are widely used in the food industry, and there are reports on their potential use in pharmaceutical formulations as excipients (Szuts A et al., 2008). In vitro methods using cell cultures have been proposed to assess iron bioavailability as an alternative to in vivo methods. Caco-2 cells have shown numerous morphological and biochemical characteristics of enterocytes and have been successfully used to study iron absorption (Garcia et al., 1996; Jovani et al., 2001). Caco-2 monolayers formed a good barrier as reflected by high transepithelial resistance and positive immunostaining for junctional proteins. Sucrose esters in nontoxic concentrations significantly reduced resistance and impedance, and increased permeability of some components in Caco-2 monolayers. Recent data indicate that sucrose esters can enhance drug permeability through both the transcellular and paracellular routes (Kiss et al., 2014). Aim: The strong correlation between the published human absorption data and the iron uptake by Caco-2 cells makes them an ideal in vitro model to study iron bioavailability (Au and Reddy, 2000). For this, in the present study, we compared the bioavailability of innovative Oral Iron formulation based on Sucrosomial Iron¨ (Sideral¨) with three different Iron formulations (Figure 1). Materials and Methods: Sucrosomial Iron, preparation of ferric pyrophosphate convered by a phospholipids plus sucrose esters of fatty acids matrix; Lipofer¨, a water-dispersible micronised iron; Sunactive¨ ferric pyrophosphate, lecithin and emulsifiers. Results: The data showed that Sucrosomial Iron¨ (Sideral¨), is significantly more bioavaible than microencapsulated Ferric pyrophosphate ingredients, Lipofer¨ and Sunactive¨ and Ferrous Sulfate in Caco-2 cell model (Figure 1). Bibliography Au, A. P., Reddy, M. B. (2000). Caco-2 cells can be used to assess human iron bioavailability from a semipurified meal. J Nutr 130:1329-1334. Garcia et al. (1996). The Caco-2 cell culture system can be used as a model to study food iron availability. J Nutr 126:251-258. Hermida et al., Preparation and characterization of iron-containing liposomes: their effect on soluble iron uptake by Caco-2 cells Journal of Liposome Research, 2010, 1-10, Jovani et al. (2001) Calcium, iron, and zinc uptake from digests of infant formulas by Caco-2 cells. J Agric Food Chem 49:3480-3485. Kiss et al., (2014) Sucrose esters increase drug penetration, but do not inhibit p-glycoprotein in caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells J Pharm Sci. Oct;103(10):3107-19. Szuts A et al. (2008) Study of the effects of drugs on the structures of sucrose esters and the effects of solid-state interactions on drug release J Pharm Biomed Anal. 48: Figure 1. the graph shows the Ferritin levels of Caco-2 cells after iron formulations treatment. Sucrosomial Iron treated cells display significant increase of Ferritin synthesis compared to Lipofer and SunActive treated cells. Figure 1. the graph shows the Ferritin levels of Caco-2 cells after iron formulations treatment. Sucrosomial Iron treated cells display significant increase of Ferritin synthesis compared to Lipofer and SunActive treated cells. Disclosures Tarantino: Pharmanutra s.p.a.: Employment. Brilli:Pharmanutra s.p.a.: Employment.

scholarly journals When Digital Twin Meets Network Softwarization in the Industrial IoT: Real-Time Requirements Case Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8194
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kherbache ◽  
Moufida Maimour ◽  
Eric Rondeau
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Loop Network ◽  
Sdn Controller

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is known to be a complex system because of its severe constraints as it controls critical applications. It is difficult to manage such networks and keep control of all the variables impacting their operation during their whole lifecycle. Meanwhile, Digital Twinning technology has been increasingly used to optimize the performances of industrial systems and has been ranked as one of the top ten most promising technological trends in the next decade. Many Digital Twins of industrial systems exist nowadays but only few are destined to networks. In this paper, we propose a holistic digital twinning architecture for the IIoT where the network is integrated along with the other industrial components of the system. To do so, the concept of Network Digital Twin is introduced. The main motivation is to permit a closed-loop network management across the whole network lifecycle, from the design to the service phase. Our architecture leverages the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm as an expression of network softwarization. Mainly, the SDN controller allows for setting up the connection between each Digital Twin of the industrial system and its physical counterpart. We validate the feasibility of the proposed architecture in the process of choosing the most suitable communication mechanism that satisfies the real-time requirements of a Flexible Production System.

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