scholarly journals Intranasal oxytocin reduces pre-courtship aggression and increases paternal response in California mice (Peromyscus californicus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleigh D Guoynes ◽  
Catherine A Marler
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Peromyscus Californicus ◽  
Resident Intruder

Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide that can facilitate prosocial behavior and decrease social stress and anxiety. We investigated whether acute pulses of intranasal (IN) OXT influenced social behavior during social challenges that are likely to occur throughout the lifespan of a wild mouse. To test this, we examined the acute effects of IN OXT in the male California mouse (Peromyscus californicus), a monogamous, biparental, and territorial rodent, using a within-subjects longitudinal design. Social challenges included a pre-courtship male-female encounter conducted during the initial aggressive and not the following affiliative phase of courtship, same-sex resident intruder test, and parental care test, with each test and dose separated by at least two weeks. Males were treated with intranasal infusions of 0.8 IU/kg OXT or saline controls 5-min before each behavioral test, receiving a total of three treatments of either IN OXT or saline control. We predicted that IN OXT would 1) decrease aggression and increase affiliation during the pre-courtship aggression phase, 2) increase aggression during resident intruder paradigms and 3) increase paternal care and vocalizations during a paternal care test. As predicted, during pre-courtship aggression with a novel female, IN OXT males displayed less contact aggression than control males, although with no change in affiliative behavior. However, post-pairing, during the resident intruder test, IN OXT males did not differ from control males in contact aggression. During the paternal care test, IN OXT males were quicker to approach their pups than control males but did not differ in vocalizations produced, unlike our previous research demonstrating an effect on vocalizations in females. In summary, during pre-courtship aggression and the paternal care test, IN OXT promoted prosocial approach; however, during the resident intruder test IN OXT did not alter social approach. These data suggest that IN OXT promotes prosocial approach specifically in social contexts that can lead to affiliation.

Enriched laboratory housing increases sensitivity to social stress in female California mice (Peromyscus californicus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 105381
Author(s):  
Vanessa A. Minie ◽  
Radmila Petric ◽  
Stephanie Ramos-Maciel ◽  
Emily C. Wright ◽  
Brian C. Trainor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Peromyscus Californicus ◽  
California Mice

scholarly journals Exploring the transition into fatherhood: behavioral, hormonal, and neural underpinnings of responses to infant crying

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Alyousefi-van Dijk ◽  
Sandra Thijssen ◽  
Anna Elisabeth van 't Veer ◽  
Renate S. M. Buisman ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Parental Sensitivity ◽  
Infant Crying ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
First Time

In the present hypothesis generating study, behavioral and neural responses to infant crying, as well as paternal hormone levels, were measured in both the prenatal and early postnatal period. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated parental sensitivity, handgrip force, and neural activation in response to infant crying sounds, in addition to testosterone baseline levels, in 25 first-time fathers. We describe the extent to which these aspects of paternal care are related across the perinatal period. The current exploratory study adds to the understudied field of early paternal care by making recommendations, and proposing hypotheses for future studies.

Adopting Bricolage to Overcome Resource Constraints: The Case of Social Enterprises in Rural India

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 371-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Hota ◽  
Sumit Mitra ◽  
Israr Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Dual Objectives

ABSTRACTSocial enterprises (SEs) primarily aim to create social value, that is, to generate benefits or reduce costs for society, while maintaining financial sustainability. Owing to their unique operating conditions and organizational characteristics, SEs face more severe resource challenges than their commercial counterparts. These challenges are exacerbated for SEs operating in emerging economies with complex social contexts. Overcoming these resource constraints and social challenges is vital for SEs to achieve their mission. Using an inductive multiple case-study approach, we identify a unique bricolage solution for achieving the dual objectives of SEs. Our findings suggest that identifying locally embedded village level entrepreneurs is a bricolage activity that social entrepreneurs leverage in the resource constrained environment of emerging economies, especially for the social enterprises that are active in the villages but were founded by social entrepreneurs who are not from these villages. This article therefore contributes to both social entrepreneurship literature as well as entrepreneurial bricolage literature and has important implications for future research and practice.

Broadening Perspectives on the Evolution of Human Paternal Care and Fathers’ Effects on Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee T. Gettler ◽  
Adam H. Boyette ◽  
Stacy Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Male Care ◽  
Effects On Children

Unlike most mammals, human fathers cooperate with mothers to care for young to an extraordinary degree. Human paternal care likely evolved alongside our unique life history strategy of raising slow-developing, energetically costly children, often in rapid succession. Adaptive frameworks generally assume that paternal provisioning played a critical role in this pattern's emergence. We draw on nonhuman primate data to propose that nonprovisioning forms of low-cost hominin male care were potentially foundational and ratcheted up through evolutionary time, helping facilitate social contexts for later subsistence specialization and sharing. We then argue for expanding the breadth of anthropological research on paternal effects in families, particularly in three domains: direct care and teaching;social capital cultivation; and reduction of family conflict. Anthropologists can greatly contribute to conversations about the determinants of children's development across contexts, but we need to ask more expansive questions about the pathways through which caregivers (including fathers) affect child outcomes.

scholarly journals The role of state feelings of loneliness in the situational regulation of social affiliative behavior: Exploring the regulatory relations within a multilevel framework

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252775
Author(s):  
Andreas Reissmann ◽  
Ewelina Stollberg ◽  
Joachim Hauser ◽  
Ivo Kaunzinger ◽  
Klaus W. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Previous empirical evidence suggests that the engagement in social interactions across different everyday contexts occurs in a manner highly responsive to a person’s social affiliation needs. As has been shown repeatedly, social engagement (as well as disengagement) can be predicted from earlier situational need states, implying that homeostatic principles underlie a person’s social affiliative behaviors. However, little is known about the role of emotion in these regulative processes. For this reason, the present exploratory study investigated the predictive role of state feelings of loneliness in subsequent engagement in social interaction. Since loneliness is conceptually associated with both the need to reaffiliate as well as self-protecting tendencies potentially hindering engagement in social contact, the study investigated the possibility of both increases and decreases in social contacts resulting from state feelings of loneliness. Adopting an experience sampling methodology (ESM), a sample of 65 participants was recruited from a local university and was followed for 14 days. Subjects were prompted several times a day to rate their feeling states and the quantity of social interactions, using a fixed interval assessment schedule. Statistical analyses using multilevel analysis indicated that state feelings of loneliness had complex quadratic effects upon subsequent social interaction, leading to both increases and decreases in subsequent social interaction. Moreover, these effects were contingent upon previous engagement in social interaction, implying spillover effects across social contexts that are conditionally mediated by feelings of loneliness. These findings clearly imply an important, albeit complex role of state feelings of loneliness in the regulation of social affiliation, both as a predictor and a consequence of social interaction. These exploratory findings are discussed against the background of methodological and conceptual limitations, and several recommendations for future studies are made.

The Dominance Behavioural System: A Review of Psychophysiological Features and Neurobiological Markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
Elena P. Murtazina ◽  
◽  
Irina S. Matyul’ko ◽  
Boris V. Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Action Program ◽  
System A ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
Behavioural Dominance

This article provides a review of the literature data on the association between personal characteristics belonging to the behavioural dominance system and various psychophysiological, hormonal, and neurobiological indices. Social and behavioural features characteristic of dominance and subordination are described. The review discusses the studies showing the relationship between the indices of dominant or subordinate behaviours and adaptive capacity as well as levels of trait and state anxiety of individuals in different social contexts. Further, the key hormonal mechanisms underlying social dominance are reviewed. The dual-hormone hypothesis of dominance regulation under social stress is illustrated through studies showing the correlation between the changes in adrenocortical and sex hormone levels and their joint effect on the regulation of hierarchical status. Individual characteristics of prevalence or balance between the behavioural activation (motivation of gaining reward) and inhibition (motivation of avoiding failure) systems were found to play a crucial role in achieving higher dominance and the formation of ideas about one’s own social status. In addition, the neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms involved in the regulation of social hierarchical relationships are discussed. The review describes the features of brain activation during social interaction, including dominance and subordination, as well as context-dependent perception of one’s own social status and that of the opponent. The behavioural dominance system is proposed to be considered in the framework of the theory of functional systems, its architectonics, and central principles (interaction between its components, afferent synthesis, decision making, action program, and action result acceptor). Based on the systemic principles, social factors can be viewed as major environmental and triggering stimuli which affect the afferent synthesis, modulate the action program, and change the appraisal of results achieved by individuals during social interactions.

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