scholarly journals Multimodal multilayer network centrality relates to executive functioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas C. Breedt ◽  
Fernando A.N. Santos ◽  
Arjan Hillebrand ◽  
Liesbeth Reneman ◽  
Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Structural Networks

Executive functioning is a higher-order cognitive process that is thought to depend on a brain network organization facilitating network integration across specialized subnetworks. The frontoparietal network (FPN), a subnetwork that has diverse connections to other brain modules, seems pivotal to this integration, and a more central role of regions in the FPN has been related to better executive functioning. Brain networks can be constructed using different modalities: diffusion MRI (dMRI) can be used to reconstruct structural networks, while resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) yield functional networks. These networks are often studied in a unimodal way, which cannot capture potential complementary or synergistic modal information. The multilayer framework is a relatively new approach that allows for the integration of different modalities into one 'network of networks'. It has already yielded promising results in the field of neuroscience, having been related to e.g. cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Multilayer analyses thus have the potential to help us better understand the relation between brain network organization and executive functioning. Here, we hypothesized a positive association between centrality of the FPN and executive functioning, and we expected that multimodal multilayer centrality would supersede unilayer centrality in explaining executive functioning. We used dMRI, rsfMRI, MEG, and neuropsychological data obtained from 33 healthy adults (age range 22-70 years) to construct eight modality-specific unilayer networks (dMRI, fMRI, and six MEG frequency bands), as well as a multilayer network comprising all unilayer networks. Interlayer links in the multilayer network were present only between a node's counterpart across layers. We then computed and averaged eigenvector centrality of the nodes within the FPN for every uni- and multilayer network and used multiple regression models to examine the relation between uni- or multilayer centrality and executive functioning. We found that higher multilayer FPN centrality, but not unilayer FPN centrality, was related to better executive functioning. To further validate multilayer FPN centrality as a relevant measure, we assessed its relation with age. Network organization has been shown to change across the life span, becoming increasingly efficient up to middle age and regressing to a more segregated topology at higher age. Indeed, the relation between age and multilayer centrality followed an inverted-U shape. These results show the importance of FPN integration for executive functioning as well as the value of a multilayer framework in network analyses of the brain. Multilayer network analysis may particularly advance our understanding of the interplay between different brain network aspects in clinical populations, where network alterations differ across modalities.

scholarly journals A set of functionally-defined brain regions with improved representation of the subcortex and cerebellum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Seitzman ◽  
Caterina Gratton ◽  
Scott Marek ◽  
Ryan V. Raut ◽  
Nico U.F. Dosenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain Organization

AbstractAn important aspect of network-based analysis is robust node definition. This issue is critical for functional brain network analyses, as poor node choice can lead to spurious findings and misleading inferences about functional brain organization. Two sets of functional brain nodes from our group are well represented in the literature: (1) 264 volumetric regions of interest (ROIs) reported in Power et al., 2011 and (2) 333 cortical surface parcels reported in Gordon et al., 2016. However, subcortical and cerebellar structures are either incompletely captured or missing from these ROI sets. Therefore, properties of functional network organization involving the subcortex and cerebellum may be underappreciated thus far. Here, we apply a winner-take-all partitioning method to resting-state fMRI data to generate novel functionally-constrained ROIs in the thalamus, basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We validate these ROIs in three datasets using several criteria, including agreement with existing literature and anatomical atlases. Further, we demonstrate that combining these ROIs with established cortical ROIs recapitulates and extends previously described functional network organization. This new set of ROIs is made publicly available for general use, including a full list of MNI coordinates and functional network labels.

Altered brain network organization in romantic love as measured with resting-state fMRI and graph theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2771-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Sensen Song ◽  
Federico d’Oleire Uquillas ◽  
Anna Zilverstand ◽  
Hongwen Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Organization

scholarly journals Brain network coupling associated with cognitive performance varies as a function of a child’s environment in the ABCD study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica E. Ellwood-Lowe ◽  
Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli ◽  
Silvia A. Bunge
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
School Type ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractPrior research indicates that lower resting-state functional coupling between two brain networks, lateral frontoparietal network (LFPN) and default mode network (DMN), relates to cognitive test performance, for children and adults. However, most of the research that led to this conclusion has been conducted with non-representative samples of individuals from higher-income backgrounds, and so further studies including participants from a broader range of socioeconomic backgrounds are required. Here, in a pre-registered study, we analyzed resting-state fMRI from 6839 children ages 9–10 years from the ABCD dataset. For children from households defined as being above poverty (family of 4 with income > $25,000, or family of 5+ with income > $35,000), we replicated prior findings; that is, we found that better performance on cognitive tests correlated with weaker LFPN-DMN coupling. For children from households defined as being in poverty, the direction of association was reversed, on average: better performance was instead directionally related to stronger LFPN-DMN connectivity, though there was considerable variability. Among children in households below poverty, the direction of this association was predicted in part by features of their environments, such as school type and parent-reported neighborhood safety. These results highlight the importance of including representative samples in studies of child cognitive development.

scholarly journals Graph theoretic analysis reveals intranasal oxytocin induced network changes over frontal regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhan Zheng ◽  
Diksha Punia ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
Quanying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shortest Path ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Clustering Coefficients

AbstractIn this study, we aim to elucidate how intranasal oxytocin modulates brain network characteristics, especially over the frontal network. As an essential brain hub of social cognition and emotion regulation, we will also explore the association between graphic properties of the frontal network and individual personality traits under oxytocin (OT) administration. 59 male participants administered intranasal OT or placebo were followed by restingstate fMRI scanning. The Correlation-based network model was applied to study OT modulation effects. We performed community detection algorithms and conducted further network analyses, including clustering coefficient, average shortest path and eigenvector centrality. In addition, we conducted a correlation analysis between clustering coefficients and the self-assessed psychological scales. Modular organizations in the OT group reveal integrations of the frontoparietal network (FPN) and the default mode network (DMN) over frontal regions. Results show that frontal nodes within the FPN are characterized by lower clustering coefficients and higher average shortest path values compared to the placebo group. Notably, these modulation effects on frontal network property are associated with Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) fantasy value. Our results suggest that OT elevates integrations between FPN, DMN and limbic system as well as reduces small-worldness within the FPN. Our results support graph theoretic analysis as a potential tool to assess OT induced effects on the information integration in the frontal network.

scholarly journals Focal Brain Lesions to Critical Locations Cause Widespread Disruption of the Modular Organization of the Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Gratton ◽  
Emi M. Nomura ◽  
Fernando Pérez ◽  
Mark D'Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Critical Locations

Although it is generally assumed that brain damage predominantly affects only the function of the damaged region, here we show that focal damage to critical locations causes disruption of network organization throughout the brain. Using resting state fMRI, we assessed whole-brain network structure in patients with focal brain lesions. Only damage to those brain regions important for communication between subnetworks (e.g., “connectors”)—but not to those brain regions important for communication within sub-networks (e.g., “hubs”)—led to decreases in modularity, a measure of the integrity of network organization. Critically, this network dysfunction extended into the structurally intact hemisphere. Thus, focal brain damage can have a widespread, nonlocal impact on brain network organization when there is damage to regions important for the communication between networks. These findings fundamentally revise our understanding of the remote effects of focal brain damage and may explain numerous puzzling cases of functional deficits that are observed following brain injury.

scholarly journals Reproducible Coactivation Patterns of Functional Brain Networks Reveal the Aberrant Dynamic State Transition in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Yang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Xin Di ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Chuen Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Cap Analysis

It is well documented that massive dynamic information is contained in the resting-state fMRI. Recent studies have identified recurring states dominated by similar coactivation patterns (CAP) and revealed their temporal dynamics. However, the reproducibility and generalizability of the CAP analysis is unclear. To address this question, the effects of methodological pipelines on CAP are comprehensively evaluated in this study, including preprocessing, network construction, cluster number and three independent cohorts. The CAP state dynamics are characterized by fraction of time, persistence, counts, and transition probability. Results demonstrate six reliable CAP states and their dynamic characteristics are also reproducible. The state transition probability is found to be positively associated with the spatial similarity. Furthermore, the aberrant CAP in schizophrenia has been investigated by using the reproducible method on three cohorts. Schizophrenia patients spend less time in CAP states that involve the frontoparietal network, but more time in CAP states that involve the default mode and salience network. The aberrant dynamic characteristics of CAP are correlated with the symptom severity. These results reveal the reproducibility and generalizability of the CAP analysis, which can provide novel insights into the neuropathological mechanism associated with aberrant brain network dynamics of schizophrenia.

What is an adaptive pattern of brain network coupling for a child? It depends on their environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica E Ellwood-Lowe ◽  
Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli ◽  
Silvia A Bunge
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Children In Poverty ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

Prior research indicates that lower resting-state functional coupling between two brain networks, lateral frontoparietal network (LFPN) and default mode network (DMN), relates to better cognitive test performance. However, most study samples skew towards wealthier individuals---and what is adaptive for one population may not be for another. In a pre-registered study, we analyzed resting-state fMRI from 6839 children ages 9-10 years. For children above poverty, we replicated the prior finding: better cognitive performance correlated with weaker LFPN-DMN coupling. For children in poverty, the slope of the relation was instead positive. This significant interaction related to several features of a child's environment. Future research should investigate the possibility that leveraging internally guided cognition is a mechanism of resilience for children in poverty. In sum, "optimal" brain function depends in part on the external pressures children face, highlighting the need for more diverse samples in research on the human brain and behavior.

Centrality Measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginestra Bianconi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Katz Centrality ◽  
Pagerank Centrality

Defining the centrality of nodes and layers in multilayer networks is of fundamental importance for a variety of applications from sociology to biology and finance. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art centrality measures able to characterize the centrality of nodes, the influences of layers or the centrality of replica nodes in multilayer and multiplex networks. These centrality measures include modifications of the eigenvector centrality, Katz centrality, PageRank centrality and Communicability to the multilayer network scenario. The chapter provides a comprehensive description of the research of the field and discusses the main advantages and limitations of the different definitions, allowing the readers that wish to apply these techniques to choose the most suitable definition for his or her case study.

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