scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Offer Frame Manipulations On Responders Playing The Ultimatum Game

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Floriane Fabre ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Cristina Cacciari ◽  
Sylvie Borau ◽  
Mickael Causse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact

The present study was designed to test the impact of frame manipulations on the decision making of responders playing the ultimatum game. Experiment 1 investigated responders event related potentials (ERPs) measured in response to the offers as a function of the frame (i.e., negative: the proposer keeps versus positive the proposer offers). While no difference in acceptation rate was found as a function of the offers frame, electrophysiological results suggest that the stronger negative affective response to the offers in the negative frame (N400) was successfully reappraised by the responders (P600), possibly explaining why the offer frame manipulation did not modulate acceptation rates. No framing effect was found when the ultimatum game was played in its one-shot version (Experiment 2), suggesting that repeated measurements did not affect responders behavior. However, an offer framing effect was found in female (but not in male) responders, when the players cognitive charge was increased using more complex game rules (Experiment 3), presumably reflecting women's greater affective responses to negative outcomes. Taken together, these results suggest that framing manipulations are associated with complex affective and cognitive processes, supporting the cognitive affective tradeoff model.

scholarly journals The Effect of Reviewer Profile Photo on Purchase Decision: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Tang ◽  
Zhijie Song
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Purchase Rate ◽  
The Impact

Although the number of studies on online reviews is growing, the impact of reviewer photo on consumer purchase decision-making has not yet been examined systematically. In particular, the underlying neural mechanisms have remained underexplored. Thus, the present study investigated whether and how reviewer photos affects consumers to make a purchase decision by using event-related potentials (ERPs). At the behavioral level, participants demonstrated a higher purchase rate with a shorter RT in situations with reviewer photos compared to situations without reviewer photos. Meanwhile, at the neural level, compared with situations without reviewer photos, situations with reviewer photos attracted more rapid attention resources at the early automatic processing phase, which induced a greater P2 amplitude, then mobilized more sustained attention allocation at the cognitive monitoring phase due to its evolutionary significance which elicited a more negative N2 amplitude, and finally resulted in a better evaluative categorization with higher motivational and emotional arousal due to its social presence which evoked a larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitude at the late elaborate cognitive processing phase. Those results illuminated the neural pathway of purchase decision-making when consumers were exposed in different conditions of reviewer photo. Moreover, the current study provided evidence for the underlying influence of reviewer photo on purchase decision-making in online shopping.

Smiling faces, sometimes they don't tell the truth: Facial expression in the ultimatum game impacts decision making and event-related potentials

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mussel ◽  
Johannes Hewig ◽  
John J. B. Allen ◽  
Michael G. H. Coles ◽  
Wolfgang Miltner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals The Dilemma Of Disobedience: An ERP study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Floriane Fabre ◽  
Mickael Causse ◽  
Maryel Othon ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Vanderhenst
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Affective Reaction ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Military ◽  
Human Losses

The present experiment aimed at investigating the decision-making and the associated event-related potentials (ERPs) of subordinates under hierarchical pressure. Participants (N = 33) acted as UAV operators and had to decide to crash their defective drone either on a civilian site killing all civilians present on the site or on a military site destroying military material but preventing any human losses. While in the no-command condition, participants decided according to their own preferences, in the command condition they were ordered to protect the military material at the expense of civilians for undisclosed strategic reasons. The results revealed that in the no-command condition participants almost always crashed the drone on the military site (96%), whereas in the command condition they chose to obey orders and sacrifice civilians to protect the military material 33% of the time. In the command condition, participants were longer to make their decisions, mobilizing greater attentional and cognitive resources (i.e., greater P300 responses) to resolve the conflict between their internal moral values and the orders they were given (i.e., greater N200 responses) than in the no-command condition, where they automatically applied the you shall not kill rule. Participants also showed a greater negative affective response (i.e., greater P260 amplitudes) after choosing to disobey than to obey orders. This result suggests that disobeying authority could be perceived as a greater moral violation than obeying and sacrificing civilians, suggesting that individuals may sometimes choose to obey malevolent authority to avoid the negative affective reaction triggered by disobedience.

scholarly journals Anytime collaborative brain–computer interfaces for enhancing perceptual group decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saugat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Davide Valeriani ◽  
Caterina Cinel ◽  
Luca Citi ◽  
Riccardo Poli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Perceptual Group ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractIn this paper we present, and test in two realistic environments, collaborative Brain-Computer Interfaces (cBCIs) that can significantly increase both the speed and the accuracy of perceptual group decision-making. The key distinguishing features of this work are: (1) our cBCIs combine behavioural, physiological and neural data in such a way as to be able to provide a group decision at any time after the quickest team member casts their vote, but the quality of a cBCI-assisted decision improves monotonically the longer the group decision can wait; (2) we apply our cBCIs to two realistic scenarios of military relevance (patrolling a dark corridor and manning an outpost at night where users need to identify any unidentified characters that appear) in which decisions are based on information conveyed through video feeds; and (3) our cBCIs exploit Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited in brain activity by the appearance of potential threats but, uniquely, the appearance time is estimated automatically by the system (rather than being unrealistically provided to it). As a result of these elements, in the two test environments, groups assisted by our cBCIs make both more accurate and faster decisions than when individual decisions are integrated in more traditional manners.

Event-related potentials as asymmetry indices of lateralized cognitive processes during music and verbal tasks

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilfredo De Pascalis ◽  
Francesco Marucci ◽  
Pietronilla M. Penna
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Related Potentials

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CONGRUENT AND INCONGRUENT STIMULUS IN STROOP TASK, USING EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS (ERP) IN PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850034
Author(s):  
Yeganeh Shahsavar ◽  
Majid Ghoshuni
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Incongruent Stimulus ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Recording Channel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The main goal of this event-related potentials (ERPs) study was to assess the effects of stimulations in Stroop task in brain activities of patients with different degrees of depression. Eighteen patients (10 males, with the mean age [Formula: see text]) were asked to fill out Beck’s depression questionnaire. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals of subjects were recorded in three channels (Pz, Cz, and Fz) during Stroop test. This test entailed 360 stimulations, which included 120 congruent, 120 incongruent, and 120 neutral stimulations. To analyze the data, 18 time features in each type of stimulus were extracted from the ERP components and the optimal features were selected. The correlation between the subjects’ scores in Beck’s depression questionnaires and the extracted time features in each recording channel was calculated in order to select the best features. Total area, and peak-to-peak time window in the Cz channel in both the congruent and incongruent stimulus showed significant correlation with Beck scores, with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively. Consequently, given the correlation between time features and the subjects’ Beck scores with different degrees of depression, it can be interpreted that in case of growth in degrees of depression, stimulations involving congruent images would produce more challenging interferences for the patients compared to incongruent stimulations which can be more effective in diagnosing the level of disorder.

scholarly journals Eye-Fixation-Related Potentials: Insight into Parafoveal Processing

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Baccino ◽  
Yves Manunta
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eye Fixation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nonword Processing

Abstract. This paper presents a new methodology for studying cognition, which combines eye movements (EM) and event-related potentials (ERP) to track the cognitive processes that occur during a single eye fixation. This technique, called eye-fixation-related potentials (EFRP), has the advantage of coupling accurate time measures from ERPs and the location of the eye on the stimulus, so it can be used to disentangle perceptual/attentional/cognitive factors affecting reading. We tested this new technique to describe the controversial parafoveal-on-foveal effects on reading, which concern the question of whether two consecutive words are processed in parallel or sequentially. The experiment directly addressed this question by looking at whether semantic relatedness on a target word in a reading-like situation might affect the processing of a prime word. Three pair-word conditions were tested: A semantically associated target word (horse-mare), a semantically nonassociated target word (horse-table) and a nonword (horse-twsui); EFRPs were compared for all conditions. The results revealed that early ERP components differentiated word and nonword processing within 119 ms postfixation (N1 component). Moreover, the amplitude of the right centrofrontal P140 varied as a function of word type, being larger in response to nonassociated words than to nonwords. This component might index a spatial attention shift to the target word and its visual categorization, being highly sensitive to orthographic regularity and “ill-formedness” of words. The P2 consecutive component (peaking at 215 ms) differentiated associated words and nonassociated words, which can account for the semantic parafoveal effect. The EFRP technique, therefore, appears to be fruitful for establishing a time-line of early cognitive processes during reading.

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