A Diary Study on Anticipated Leisure Time, Morning Recovery and Employees’ Work Engagement

Recovery during yesterday’s leisure time is beneficial for morning recovery, and morning recovery fosters employees’ work engagement, a positive, motivational state associated with job performance. We extended existing research by assuming that both, morning recovery (considered a resource) and anticipated leisure time (considered an anticipated resource gain), relate to work engagement. Anticipated leisure time comprises two constructs: general anticipation of leisure time, which refers to employees’ cognitive evaluation of their entire upcoming leisure time, and pleasant anticipation of a planned leisure activity, which describes a positive affective reaction because of one specific, upcoming leisure activity. We suggested that employees with high pleasant anticipation generate more thoughts of a planned leisure activity (ToPLA), which may distract them from their work, reducing their work engagement. A diary study over five days showed that morning recovery and general anticipation of leisure time were positively related to work engagement. Furthermore, employees with higher pleasant anticipation of a planned leisure activity reported more ToPLA. In contrast to our expectations, neither pleasant anticipation nor ToPLA was related to work engagement. In sum, this study introduced anticipated leisure time as a novel antecedent of work engagement and demonstrated that anticipated resource gains are important for high work engagement.

The Dilemma Of Disobedience: An ERP study

The present experiment aimed at investigating the decision-making and the associated event-related potentials (ERPs) of subordinates under hierarchical pressure. Participants (N = 33) acted as UAV operators and had to decide to crash their defective drone either on a civilian site killing all civilians present on the site or on a military site destroying military material but preventing any human losses. While in the no-command condition, participants decided according to their own preferences, in the command condition they were ordered to protect the military material at the expense of civilians for undisclosed strategic reasons. The results revealed that in the no-command condition participants almost always crashed the drone on the military site (96%), whereas in the command condition they chose to obey orders and sacrifice civilians to protect the military material 33% of the time. In the command condition, participants were longer to make their decisions, mobilizing greater attentional and cognitive resources (i.e., greater P300 responses) to resolve the conflict between their internal moral values and the orders they were given (i.e., greater N200 responses) than in the no-command condition, where they automatically applied the you shall not kill rule. Participants also showed a greater negative affective response (i.e., greater P260 amplitudes) after choosing to disobey than to obey orders. This result suggests that disobeying authority could be perceived as a greater moral violation than obeying and sacrificing civilians, suggesting that individuals may sometimes choose to obey malevolent authority to avoid the negative affective reaction triggered by disobedience.

THE PROPOSITION OF CONSUMER SELF-CARE CONATION UNDER THE BACKDROP OF COVID-19

The impact of COVID-19 on consumers' purchase behaviour is relatively new in the purchase decision body of knowledge. This study aims to postulate a research proposition that looks into consumers' fear and purchase conation during the pandemic crisis. This study leveraged a small-scale preliminary study through a snowball self-administrative survey to serve as an initial inquiry to understand the perceived COVID-19 relevant information that affects the Malaysian consumers' affective state and Vitamin C's purchase the COVID-19 crisis. A brief discovery informed that the respondents were emotionally influenced by COVID-19 relevant information on social media and its incredible impact on affective reaction and motivation to practice self-care.

Potent but precarious: When, how, and why national identities have strong impact on attitude formation in response to events

The growing interest in banal expressions of nationalism in everyday life has left the capacity of national identities to cause irregular attitudinal and behavioural reactions to changing circumstances undertheorized. To fill this gap, this article asks when, how, and why national identities have strong impact on public attitudes about events. The article introduces a theoretical framework, which integrates elements from humanistic philosophy, sociology of nationalism, political psychology, and sociology of emotions. National identity protects against existential threats but is precarious because the nation is a phantasmal object of identification whose 'existence' depends on contested narratives. Therefore, events that seem to threaten or promise to alter the perceived core elements of the nation (i.e., 'nation-disrupting events') evoke strong emotions, which motivate attitudinal shifts. Which affective reaction individuals experience depends on the meaning they attribute (spontaneously or in response to elite cues) to events vis-à-vis competing idealizations of the nation.

The Mind of the Hungry Agent: Hunger, Affect and Appetite

The aim of this paper is to provide an account of how hunger motivates us to seek food and eat. It seems that the way that it feels to be hungry must play some role in it fulfilling this function. We propose that hunger is best viewed as a complex state involving both affective (viz., hedonic) and somatic constituents, as well as, crucially, changes in the way in which the hungry agent’s attention is deployed. We argue that in order to capture the distinctive way in which hunger motivates we need to articulate the relations amongst such components. The resulting account explains how hunger as an aversive affective reaction to a state of need motivates us specifically to eat and not to just to rid ourselves of the unpleasant sensations associated to it. We suggest, however, that there is more than this to the overall affective experience of the hungry agent, because hunger ordinarily facilitates the elicitation of other, positive affective reactions such as interest and appetite, and recruits them to further its function.

Should I Touch the Customer? Rethinking Interpersonal Touch Effects from the Perspective of the Touch Initiator

Previous research has highlighted the effects of receiving interpersonal touch on persuasion. In contrast, we examine initiating touch. Individuals instructed to touch engage in egocentric projection in which they project their own affective reaction onto their expectations for how the recipient will feel (i.e., empathic forecast), how they appear to the recipient (i.e., metaperception), and the evaluation of the interaction itself (i.e., interaction awkwardness). Touch initiators expect that recipients will feel worse with touch, express concern for how they, themselves, will be perceived, and think that interactions are more awkward. Interestingly, touch recipients do not evaluate these interactions more negatively and leave higher tips after having been touched; touch initiators do not expect this to be the case. As a result, instructed touch initiators (vs. volitional touch initiators) are less (more) likely to engage in subsequent interactions with customers, potentially undermining future service provided to customers. Across five studies, four of which involve actual dyadic interactions, we test the consequences of initiating touch with an inquiry into the effects of interpersonal touch on the initiator. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications.

From knowing the game to enjoying the game: EEG/ERP assessment of emotional processing

PurposeIn highlighting brain wave responses of emotional processing, the purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the effect of sport participation involvement on affective reaction in viewing photos; and (2) the association between affective reaction and behavioral intentions.Design/methodology/approachUsing lateralized event-related potentials, the authors examined how brain wave reactions are different based on different sport involvement between two groups where one group had varsity sport experience while the other expressed that they were not fans of the sport.FindingsResults indicated a significant difference in lateralization between groups. Brain responses were greater in the high involvement group and positively correlated with the intention to attend future games.Originality/valueThe findings in this study elucidate the linkage between one's history of sport involvement and affective brain wave responses. Implications from neurophysiological evidence provide means to further dissect the multifaceted construct of involvement in the field of sport marketing.

Neurologist and Psychoanalyst, 40 years’ experience, Germany

This chapter details the experience of a Neurologist who had only just started to train as a Psychotherapist and Psychoanalyst. At this time, there was no established knowledge, let alone evidence-based guidelines, for the treatment of patients with Non-Epileptic Seizures or for their psychotherapeutic treatment. The Neurologist’s psychotherapeutic training familiarized him with a way of perceiving conversations not commonly encountered in Neurology. The Neurologist further realized that, apart from serving to transmit information, conversations can also be a stage on which established ways of relating to others are re-enacted (transference), and that the clinician can learn to access his own resonant or dissonant affective reaction to this through introspection (countertransference), thereby gaining personal insights into relationships patients have previously experienced themselves. These processes allow a person engaged in conversation to absorb potentially challenging affects, detoxify them, and present them, in a processed form, to the patient by offering so-called interpretations.