scholarly journals Short-term diet intervention alters the small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) landscape of human sperm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida Vaz ◽  
Alexandra J Kermack ◽  
Mark Burton ◽  
Pei Fang Tan ◽  
Jason Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Offspring Health

Offspring health outcomes are often linked with epigenetic alterations triggered by maternal nutrition and intrauterine environment. Strong experimental data also link paternal preconception nutrition with pathophysiology in the offspring, but the mechanism(s) routing the effects of paternal exposures remain elusive. Animal experimental models have highlighted small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) as potential regulators of paternal effects, though less is known about the existence of similar mechanisms in human sperm. Here, we first characterised the baseline sncRNA landscape of human sperm, and then studied the effects of a 6-week diet intervention on their expression profile. Baseline profiling identified tRFs, miRNAs and piRNAs to be the most abundant sncRNA subtypes, primarily expressed from regulatory elements like UTRs, CpG-rich regions and promoters. Expression of a subset of these sncRNAs varied with age, BMI and sperm quality of the donor. Diet intervention enriched in vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids showed a marked increase of these nutrients in circulation and altered the sperm sncRNA expression. These included 3 tRFs, 15 miRNAs and 112 piRNAs, with gene targets involved in fatty acid metabolism, vitamin D response (LXR/RXR activation, TGF-beta and Wnt signaling), and transposable elements. These findings provide evidence that human sperms are sensitive to alterations in exposures such as diet, and sncRNAs capture the epigenetic imprint of this change. Hence changes to paternal nutrition during preconception may improve sperm quality and offspring health outcomes. To benefit future research, we developed iDad_DB, an open access database of baseline and diet-altered sncRNA in human male germline.

Trends in complementary and alternative medicine use among newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Kyle Brian Zuniga ◽  
Shoujun Zhao ◽  
Benjamin E Cedars ◽  
Janet E. Cowan ◽  
Stacey Kenfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cam Use ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

92 Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The benefits and risks of the majority of CAM is inconclusive, and thus understanding trends in use is necessary to guide future research. We sought to investigate the prevalence of CAM use and trends in newly diagnosed PCa patients using the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE). Methods: Between 1996-2017, 7,989 CaPSURE subjects completed questionnaires on use of over 50 CAM types. For prevalence, subjects were identified as users if they ever indicated CAM use. We then performed univariate analyses to examine associations between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with CAM use using chi-squared tests. To observe trends in CAM use among newly diagnosed patients, we limited subject responses to questionnaires completed within 24 months of diagnosis (7,358 subjects). We then grouped subjects by diagnosis year and calculated percent change in use. Results: Overall, 56% of subjects reported any CAM use. Commonly used CAM were multivitamins (40% of participants) and essential fatty acids and omega-3 (24% of participants). Compared to non-CAM users, a greater proportion of CAM users were college-educated, had a higher household income, and lived in the West and Midwest regions of the U.S (all p < 0.01). In exploring trends, we found that overall CAM use increased by +203% (19% to 56%) between those diagnosed in 1996-1999 and 2010-2017. Between those diagnosed in 2005-2009 and 2010-2017, the largest changes in use were seen in acupuncture (+289%), Vitamin D (+204%), selenium (-59%), and vitamin E (-39%). Conclusions: PCa patients reported widespread CAM use in 1996-2017. Multivitamins were the most prevalent CAM, and use of acupuncture and Vitamin D increased dramatically. This information may help to prioritize research needs and reinforces the importance of discussing CAM use with patients, with referral to specialists (e.g., nutritionists) when indicated.

scholarly journals Mapping the past, present and future research landscape of paternal effects

BMC Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Rutkowska ◽  
Malgorzata Lagisz ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
Response To Environmental Change ◽  
Design Experiments

Abstract Background Although in all sexually reproducing organisms an individual has a mother and a father, non-genetic inheritance has been predominantly studied in mothers. Paternal effects have been far less frequently studied, until recently. In the last 5 years, research on environmentally induced paternal effects has grown rapidly in the number of publications and diversity of topics. Here, we provide an overview of this field using synthesis of evidence (systematic map) and influence (bibliometric analyses). Results We find that motivations for studies into paternal effects are diverse. For example, from the ecological and evolutionary perspective, paternal effects are of interest as facilitators of response to environmental change and mediators of extended heredity. Medical researchers track how paternal pre-fertilization exposures to factors, such as diet or trauma, influence offspring health. Toxicologists look at the effects of toxins. We compare how these three research guilds design experiments in relation to objects of their studies: fathers, mothers and offspring. We highlight examples of research gaps, which, in turn, lead to future avenues of research. Conclusions The literature on paternal effects is large and disparate. Our study helps in fostering connections between areas of knowledge that develop in parallel, but which could benefit from the lateral transfer of concepts and methods.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D on Bone Health Outcomes in Women and Men in the VITamin D and OmegA‐3 TriaL (VITAL)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl S LeBoff ◽  
Sharon H Chou ◽  
Elle M Murata ◽  
Catherine M Donlon ◽  
Nancy R Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

scholarly journals The effect of paternal exposure to immunosuppressive drugs on sexual function, reproductive hormones, fertility, pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-1001
Author(s):  
L F Perez-Garcia ◽  
R J E M Dolhain ◽  
S Vorstenbosch ◽  
W Bramer ◽  
E van Puijenbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Male Sexual Function ◽  
Offspring Health

Abstract BACKGROUND Information regarding the possible influence of immunosuppressive drugs on male sexual function and reproductive outcomes is scarce. Men diagnosed with immune-mediated diseases and a wish to become a father represent an important neglected population since they lack vital information to make balanced decisions about their treatment. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this research was to systematically review the literature for the influence of paternal immunosuppressive drug use on many aspects of male sexual health, such as sexual function, fertility, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health outcomes. SEARCH METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the bibliographic databases: Embase (via Elsevier embase.com), MEDLINE ALL via Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Trials (via Wiley) and Web of Science Core Collection. Additionally, Google Scholar and the Clinical trial registries of Europe and the USA were searched. The databases were searched from inception until 31 August 2019. The searches combined keywords regarding male sexual function and fertility, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health with a list of immunosuppressive drugs. Studies were included if they were published in English and if they included original data on male human exposure to immunosuppressive drugs. A meta-analysis was not possible to perform due to the heterogeneity of the data. OUTCOMES A total of 5867 references were identified, amongst which we identified 161 articles fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Amongst these articles, 50 included pregnancy and offspring outcomes and 130 included sexual health outcomes. Except for large Scandinavian cohorts, most of the identified articles included a small number of participants. While a clear negative effect on sperm quality was evident for sulfasalazine and cyclophosphamide, a dubious effect was identified for colchicine, methotrexate and sirolimus. In three articles, exposure to tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors in patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis resulted in improved sperm quality. The information regarding pregnancy and offspring outcomes was scant but no large negative effect associated with paternal immunosuppressive drug exposure was reported. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Evidence regarding the safety of immunosuppressive drugs in men with a wish to become a father is inconclusive. The lack of standardisation on how to evaluate and report male sexual function, fertility and reproduction as study outcomes in men exposed to immunosuppressive drugs is an important contributor to this result. Future research on this topic is needed and should be preferably done using standardised methods.

scholarly journals Mapping the past, present and future research landscape of paternal effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Rutkowska ◽  
Malgorzata Lagisz ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Lateral Transfer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Researchers ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
Response To Environmental Change

Although in all sexually reproducing organisms, an individual has a mother and a father, non-genetic inheritance has been predominantly studied in mothers. Paternal effects have been far less frequently studied, until recently. In the last five years, research on environmentally induced paternal effects has grown rapidly in the number of publications and diversity of topics. Motivations for studies into paternal effects are also diverse. For example, from the ecological and evolutionary perspective, paternal effects are of interest as facilitators of response to environmental change and mediators of extended heredity. Medical researchers track how paternal pre-fertilization exposures to factors, such as toxins, trauma or diet, influence offspring health. In consequence, literature on paternal effects is large and disparate. Here, we systematically review and synthesize this heterogeneous field to help fostering connections between areas of knowledge that develop in parallel, but which could benefit from the lateral transfer of concepts and methods.

Ernährung bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Keyßer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Rheumatoide Arthritis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Per Se

ZusammenfassungEinflüsse der Ernährung auf das Risiko, eine rheumatische Erkrankung zu entwickeln, sind in erster Linie für die rheumatoide Arthritis (RA), in geringerem Maße auch für Spondyloarthritiden (SpA) und entzündliche Bindegewebserkrankungen gesichert. Die Inzidenz der RA ist mit kindlicher Unterernährung und niedrigem Geburtsgewicht assoziiert, die der SpA mit der Dauer des Stillens im Säuglings-alter. Einzelne Nahrungskomponenten wie Seefisch mit hohem Fettgehalt, Zitrusfrüchte oder geringe Alkoholmengen können protektiv auf das RA-Risiko wirken. Raucher haben ein per se deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für eine RA, welches durch vermehrte Kochsalzzufuhr und Übergewicht potenziert wird. Zahlreiche Interventionsstudien haben versucht, den Nutzen einzelner Kostformen bei etablierter RA nachzuweisen. Dazu gehören neben verschiedenen Fastenformen auch Elementardiäten, Eliminationsdiäten und andere hypoaller-gene Kostformen sowie Studien zu veganer und glutenfreier Ernährung. Die Mehrzahl dieser Untersuchungen ist in Qualität und Aussagekraft unbefriedigend geblieben. Allerdings ist eine an den Prinzipien der Mittelmeerkost ausgerichtete Ernährung wahrscheinlich von Nutzen für RA-Patienten, auch wenn die positiven Effekte in erster Linie die Reduktion des kardiovaskulären Risikos betreffen. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel werden häufig für die Anwendung bei etablierter RA beworben, allerdings lassen sich positive Effekte nur für Fischölkapseln in ausreichend hoher Dosierung von Omega-3-Fettsäuren nachweisen. Die Zufuhr von Eisenpräparaten und Vitamin D sollte nicht unkritisch erfolgen, sondern an objektiven Kriterien ausgerichtet werden. Probiotika sind aufgrund neuer Erkenntnisse zu Pathogenese rheumatischer Erkrankungen in kleineren Studien bei RA und SpA zum Einsatz gekommen, haben jedoch bisher keinen überzeugenden Wirksamkeitsnachweis gezeigt.

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