scholarly journals Evolving social behaviour through selection of single-cell adhesion in Dictyostelium discoideum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Adiba ◽  
Mathieu Forget ◽  
Silvia De Monte
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Social Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Selection Of

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum commonly forms chimeric fruiting bodies by aggregation of different strains. Genetic variants that produce a higher proportion of spores are predicted to undercut multicellular organization unless cooperators assort positively. Cell adhesion is considered a primary factor driving such assortment, but evolution of adhesion has not been experimentally connected to changes in social performance. In this study we modified by experimental evolution the properties of individual cells, selecting for higher and lower adhesion to substrate. We then quantified the effects of these changes on cell-cell adhesion, development, and social behaviour. Unlike strains selected based on relative reproductive success in the social stage, we found that in binary chimeras both derived strains produce a smaller fraction of spores than the ancestor. Thus, evolution appears to have produced social cooperators. Examination of development revealed that this is however achieved via two opposed paths. Cells selected to be more adhesive to the substrate disproportionately contribute to the structural stability of fruiting bodies, as one would expect for cooperators. On the contrary, less adhesive cells behave as cheaters that undermine their own success more than that of the ancestor. These differences are reflected by a metric for social success that generalizes the classically used variation in frequency during the multicellular phase. Our work shows that cell mechanical interactions can constrain evolution of development and assortment in chimeras, and calls for integrating cell-level processes in conceptualizing the emergence of multicellular organization.

scholarly journals Migration in the social stage ofDictyostelium discoideumamoebae impacts competition

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra N. Jack ◽  
Neil Buttery ◽  
Boahemaa Adu-Oppong ◽  
Michael Powers ◽  
Christopher R.L. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Social Amoeba ◽  
Cheating Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Location

Interaction conditions can change the balance of cooperation and conflict in multicellular groups. After aggregating together, cells of the social amoebaDictyostelium discoideummay migrate as a group (known as a slug) to a new location. We consider this migration stage as an arena for social competition and conflict because the cells in the slug may not be from a genetically homogeneous population. In this study, we examined the interplay of two seemingly diametric actions, the solitary action of kin recognition and the collective action of slug migration inD. discoideum, to more fully understand the effects of social competition on fitness over the entire lifecycle. We compare slugs composed of either genetically homogenous or heterogeneous cells that have migrated or remained stationary in the social stage of the social amoebaDictyostelium discoideum. After migration of chimeric slugs, we found that facultative cheating is reduced, where facultative cheating is defined as greater contribution to spore relative to stalk than found for that clone in the clonal state. In addition our results support previous findings that competitive interactions in chimeras diminish slug migration distance. Furthermore, fruiting bodies have shorter stalks after migration, even accounting for cell numbers at that time. Taken together, these results show that migration can alleviate the conflict of interests in heterogeneous slugs. It aligns their interest in finding a more advantageous place for dispersal, where shorter stalks suffice, which leads to a decrease in cheating behavior.

scholarly journals First-order agent-based models of emergent behaviour of Dictyostelium discoideum and their inspiration for swarm robotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-655
Author(s):  
Mohammad Parhizkar ◽  
Giovanna Di Marzo Serugendo ◽  
Jahn Nitschke ◽  
Louis Hellequin ◽  
Assane Wade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Swarm Robotics ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Emergent Behaviour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Collective behaviour in nature provides a source of inspiration to engineer artificial collective adaptive systems, due to their mechanisms favouring adaptation to environmental changes and enabling complex emergent behaviour to arise from a relatively simple behaviour of individual entities. As part of our ongoing research, we study the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to derive agent-based models and mechanisms that we can then exploit in artificial systems, in particular in swarm robotics. In this paper, we present a selection of agent-based models of the aggregation phase of D. discoideum, their corresponding biological illustrations and how we used them as an inspiration for transposing this behaviour into swarms of Kilobots. We focus on the stream-breaking phenomenon occurring during the aggregation phase of the life cycle of D. discoideum. Results show that the breakup of aggregation streams depends on cell density, motility, motive force and the concentration of cAMP and CF. The breakup also comes with the appearance of late centres. Our computational results show similar behaviour to our biological experiments, using Ax2(ka) strain. For swarm robotics experiments, we focus on signalling and aggregation towards a centre.

scholarly journals Expression of Genes Coding for Cell-Cell Adhesion Proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum Mutants that Form Small Fruiting Bodies

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Takano ◽  
Yuya Akaza ◽  
Yasuna Hasegawa ◽  
Marina Issaeva ◽  
Yukito Masamune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Adhesion Proteins ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Cell Adhesion Proteins ◽  
Cell Cell

scholarly journals A Surface Glycoprotein Indispensable for Gamete Fusion in the Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Araki ◽  
Hideki D. Shimizu ◽  
Kentaro Saeki ◽  
Marina Okamoto ◽  
Lixy Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Amoeba ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACT Sexual reproduction is essential for the maintenance of species in a wide variety of multicellular organisms, and even unicellular organisms that normally proliferate asexually possess a sexual cycle because of its contribution to increased genetic diversity. Information concerning the molecules involved in fertilization is accumulating for many species of the metazoan, plant, and fungal lineages, and the evolutionary consideration of sexual reproduction systems is now an interesting issue. Macrocyst formation in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a sexual process in which cells become sexually mature under dark and submerged conditions and fuse with complementary mating-type cells. In the present study, we isolated D. discoideum insertional mutants defective in sexual cell fusion and identified the relevant gene, macA , which encodes a highly glycosylated, 2,041-amino-acid membrane protein (MacA). Although its overall similarity is restricted to proteins of unknown function within dictyostelids, it contains LamGL and discoidin domains, which are implicated in cell adhesion. The growth and development of macA -null mutants were indistinguishable from those of the parental strain. The overexpression of macA using the V18 promoter in a macA -null mutant completely restored its sexual defects. Although the macA gene encoded exactly the same protein in a complementary mating-type strain, it was expressed at a much lower level. These results suggest that MacA is indispensable for gamete interactions in D. discoideum , probably via cell adhesion. There is a possibility that it is controlled in a mating-type-dependent manner.

Tanks in the Spa Town. The New Book about the Events of the Year 1968 in Czechoslovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Scientific Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Regional Perspective ◽  
The Way

This review is devoted to the monograph by Jan Nedvěd “We do not decline our heads. The events of the year 1968 in Karlovy Vary”. The Karlovy Vary municipal museum coincided its publishing with the fiftieth anniversary of the Prague spring which, considering the way of the presentation, turned the book not only to scientific event but also to the social one. The book describes sociopolitical trends in the region before the year 1968, the development of the reformist movement, the invasion and advance of the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries, and finally the decline of the reformist mood and the beginning of the normalization. Working on his writing, the author deeply studied the materials of the local archive and gathered the unique selection of the photographs depicting the passage of the soviet army through the spa town and the protest actions of its inhabitants. In the meantime, Nedvěd takes undue freedom with scientific terms, and his selection of historiography raises questions. The author bases his research on the Czech papers and scarcely uses the books of Russian origin. He also did not study the subject of the participating of the GDR’s army in the operation Danube, although these troops were concentrated on the borders of Karlovy Vary region as well. Because of this decision, there are no materials from German archives or historiography in the monograph. In general, the work lacks the width of studying its subject, but it definitively accomplishes the task of depicting the Prague spring from the regional perspective.

Philosophcal review of h. white̕s tropological theory in the context of the new philosophy of history

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.

Social ethology of the wolverine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Copeland ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Kimberly Heinemeyer ◽  
Keith B. Aubry ◽  
Jiska van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social System ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Species

Social behaviour in solitary carnivores has long been an active area of investigation but for many species remains largely founded in conjecture compared to our understanding of sociality in group-living species. The social organization of the wolverine has, until now, received little attention beyond its portrayal as a typical mustelid social system. In this chapter the authors compile observations of social interactions from multiple wolverine field studies, which are integrated into an ecological framework. An ethological model for the wolverine is proposed that reveals an intricate social organization, which is driven by variable resource availability within extremely large territories and supports social behaviour that underpins offspring development.

Social Evolution, Hamilton’s Rule, and Inclusive Fitness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Hamilton’S Rule ◽  
Inclusive Fitness Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hamilton's Rule

Inclusive fitness theory, originally due to W. D. Hamilton, is a popular approach to the study of social evolution, but shrouded in controversy. The theory contains two distinct aspects: Hamilton’s rule (rB > C); and the idea that individuals will behave as if trying to maximize their inclusive fitness in social encounters. These two aspects of the theory are logically separable but often run together. A generalized version of Hamilton’s rule can be formulated that is always true, though whether it is causally meaningful is debatable. However, the individual maximization claim only holds true if the payoffs from the social encounter are additive. The notion that inclusive fitness is the ‘goal’ of individuals’ social behaviour is less robust than some of its advocates acknowledge.

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