scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae multifaceted adaptive strategies in response to bacteriophage predation in an endemic region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meer T Alam ◽  
Carla Mavian ◽  
Marco Salemi ◽  
Massimiliano S Tagliamonte ◽  
Taylor K Paisie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Lake Kivu ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
First Time

Bacteriophage predation of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 (the causative agent of cholera) has been linked with seasonal patterns of disease and with clinical response to infection in humans 1-4. However, we still lack a clear demonstration of how the interplay between bacteria and bacteriophage can influence shifts in strain populations. We analyzed toxigenic V. cholerae O1 isolated from patients in the Great Lakes, a cholera endemic region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), between 2013-2017. Bayesian phylogeography shows that all strains derived from the East Africa T10 introduction event5, consistent with establishment of a regional endemic focus, and identified two major lineages, with the most recent correlating to ST515, a cholera cluster previously found in the Lake Kivu and expanding northward6. We also identified a novel ICP1 bacteriophage, genetically distinct from previous ICP1 isolates detected in Asia 7,8, from stool samples of cholera patients. The presence of phages in specific regions of the DRC resulted in the independent emergence, along both internal and external branches of the cholera phylogeny, of distinct mutational pathways in genes of the O1 biosynthetic gene cluster associated with phage resistance. Our data evidence, for the first time, V. cholerae multi-peaked adaptive landscape during outbreaks, and a complex co-evolutionary dynamic linked to presence of predatory phages

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of a Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strain Defective for the Entire Vibrio Pathogenicity Island 1, Isolated in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid M. Irenge ◽  
Jean-François Durant ◽  
Jérôme Ambroise ◽  
Prudence N. Mitangala ◽  
Bertrand Bearzatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
North Kivu

ABSTRACT We report here a complete genome sequence of a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor (Inaba; sequence type 515 [ST515]) strain isolated from a cholera patient in North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which showed a complete deletion (∼80 kb) of the Vibrio pathogenicity island 1.

scholarly journals A first comprehensive inventory of Ascalaphidae, Palparidae, and Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) of Northeastern Nigeria with description of two new species and an overview of genus Bankisus Navás

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-77
Author(s):  
André Prost ◽  
Alexi Popov
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
New Records ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
First Time

Investigation of a large collection of Neuroptera from Northeastern Nigeria stored untouched in alcohol for four decades in the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, provided the opportunity to examine unpublished specimens and conduct a thorough review of published literature, establishing the first comprehensive inventory of Ascalaphidae, Palparidae, and Myrmeleontidae of Northeastern Nigeria to date. Specimens had been collected between 1976 and 1978 in Northeastern Nigeria, mostly in Jos City and Plateau State. Five species of Ascalaphidae, four of Palparidae, and 26 of Myrmeleontidae were identified. Bankisus beroni sp. n. and Creoleon nigrithorax sp. n. are described. Gymnoleon gaillardi is not considered a synonym of Gymnoleon exilis and a new synonymy is established: Gymnoleon externus (Navás, 1911) (= Gymnoleon gaillardi Navás, 1912, syn. n.). An examination of unpublished specimens in museum collections and an exhaustive literature review were conducted in order to draw up a comprehensive inventory of the fauna of Northeastern Nigeria, which to date comprises 11 species of Ascalaphidae, 12 species of Palparidae, and 34 species of Myrmeleontidae, of which one species of Ascalaphidae, two species of Palparidae, and 16 species of Myrmeleontidae, as well as the genera Brevibarbis, Bankisus, and Capicua, had not been reported to occur in Nigeria. The chorological information on the genus Bankisus is reviewed, the ranges of the species are critically discussed and corrected, and all known localities are indicated on a map. Bankisus oculatus is reported for the first time from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The first recording of Centroclisis lineatipennis in West Africa is reported. Palpares cataractae and Palpares radiatus are deleted from the list of Nigerian fauna. With these new records, the known ranges of eight species are extended by more than 1400 km. In the process of assessing the geographical distribution of species present in Northeastern Nigeria, six species, as well as the genera Myrmecaelurus and Cueta and the tribe Nesoleontini, are reported for the first time from Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals High genetic similarity between non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from paired blood and stool samples of children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0008377
Author(s):  
Marie-France Phoba ◽  
Barbara Barbé ◽  
Benedikt Ley ◽  
Sandra Van Puyvelde ◽  
Annelies Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
High Genetic Similarity

Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4630 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMO OLMI ◽  
ROBERT S. COPELAND ◽  
SIMON VAN NOORT
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Union Of The Comoros ◽  
First Time

An updated revision of Afrotropical Dryinidae is presented. Nine subfamilies, 23 genera and 430 species (including 60 new species) are treated. Six new species-level synonymies and three new combinations are proposed. Descriptions, geographic distribution, known hosts, natural enemies and type material of each species are presented, together with illustrations of the main morphological characters and keys to the subfamilies, genera and species. A complete list of references concerning the Afrotropical Dryinidae and their hosts is provided. The following new species are described: Anteon ambrense, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon beankanum, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon elongatum, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon hoekense, sp. nov. (South Africa), Anteon mabibiense, sp. nov. (South Africa), Anteon majunganum, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon malagasy, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon musmani, sp. nov. (Kenya), Anteon nigropictum, sp. nov. (South Africa), Anteon nimbense, sp. nov. (Guinea), Anteon pseudohova, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon sakalavense, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon tulearense, sp. nov. (Kenya, Madagascar), Aphelopus sequeirai, sp. nov. (Kenya), Apoaphelopus fisheri, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Apoaphelopus wallacei, sp. nov. (Kenya), Bocchus forestalis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Bocchus granulatus, sp. nov. (South Africa), Bocchus harinhalai, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Bocchus nigroflavus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Bocchus parkeri, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Bocchus ruvidus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Conganteon hawleyi, sp. nov. (Kenya), Conganteon sensitivum, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Crovettia afra, sp. nov. (Kenya, Madagascar), Deinodryinus ambrensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Deinodryinus granulatus, sp. nov. (South Africa), Deinodryinus nigropictus, sp. nov. (South Africa), Deinodryinus piceus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus bellicosus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus dentatiforceps, sp. nov. (South Africa), Dryinus erenianus, sp. nov. (Ivory Coast), Dryinus milleri, sp. nov. (Kenya), Dryinus mobotensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus nigrithorax, sp. nov. (Ivory Coast), Dryinus teres, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus tulearensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus whittleorum, sp. nov. (Kenya), Gonatopus avontuurensis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus bellicosus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus comorensis, sp. nov. (Union of the Comoros), Gonatopus costalis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus flavotestaceus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus gumovskyi, sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Gonatopus hantamensis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus harinhalai, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus karooensis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus koebergensis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus marojejyanus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus minutus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus nigropictus, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus ranomafanensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus robertsoni, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus rugithorax, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus scholtzi, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus wikstrandae, sp. nov. (Kenya), Lonchodryinus madagascolus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Madecadryinus ranomafanensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Neodryinus bimaculatus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Neodryinus keleboensis, sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The ♀ of Deinodryinus danielssoni Olmi, 1998, is described for the first time. The following new synonymies are presented: Anteon fiorii Olmi, 1984 (=A. proteicolum Olmi, 2006, syn. nov.); Anteon madagascolum (Benoit, 1954) (=Anteon brooksi Olmi, 2003, syn. nov.); Anteon zairense Benoit, 1951 (=A. terminale Olmi, 2007, syn. nov.); Aphelopus incisus Olmi, 1984 (=A. himyarita Olmi & van Harten, 2006, syn. nov.); Bocchus watshami Olmi, 1987 (=Bocchus simoni Olmi, 2005, syn. nov.); Dryinus ugandanus Olmi, 1984 (=Dryinus constantiae Olmi, 2006, syn. nov.). The following new combinations are presented: Dryinus luweli (Benoit, 1951) new comb. in place of Lestodryinus luweli Benoit, 1951; Gonatopus africanus (Benoit, 1951) new comb. in place of Aphelopus africanus Benoit, 1951; Gonatopus ghanensis (Olmi, 1987) new comb. in place of Pseudogonatopus ghanensis Olmi, 1987. Gynander specimens of Deinodryinus rusticus Olmi, 2004 and Deinodryinus steineri Olmi, 1994 are described (first gynander specimens of Dryinidae from the Afrotropical region). The authors provide well-illustrated identification keys to all species of Afrotropical Dryinidae. Online Lucid Phoenix and Lucid matrix interactive keys are provided at http://www.waspweb.org. 

Cholera outbreak investigation, Bhadola, Delhi, India, April–May 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-769
Author(s):  
Akhileshwar Singh ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
Tanzin Dikid ◽  
Ekta Saroha ◽  
Naresh Chand Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
The North ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background In the Gangetic plains of India, including Delhi, cholera is endemic. On 10 May 2018, staff at the north Delhi district surveillance unit identified a laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak when five people tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype in Bhadola. We investigated to identify risk factors and recommend prevention measures. Methods We defined a case as ≥3 loose stools within 24 h in a Bhadola resident during 1 April–29 May 2018. We searched for cases house-to-house. In a 1 : 1 unmatched case control study, a control was defined as an absence of loose stools in a Bhadola resident during 1 April–29 May 2018. We selected cases and controls randomly. We tested stool samples for Vibrio cholerae by culture. We tested drinking water for fecal contamination. Using multivariable logistic regression we calculated adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs. Results We identified 129 cases; the median age was 14.5 y, 52% were females, 27% were hospitalized and there were no deaths. Symptoms were abdominal pain (54%), vomiting (44%) and fever (29%). Among 90 cases and controls, the odds of illness were higher for drinking untreated municipal water (aOR=2.3; 95% CI 1.0 to 6.2) and not knowing about diarrhea transmission (aOR=4.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 21.1). Of 12 stool samples, 6 (50%) tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype. Of 15 water samples, 8 (53%) showed growth of fecal coliforms. Conclusions This laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak associated with drinking untreated municipal water and lack of knowledge of diarrhea transmission triggered public health action in Bhadola, Delhi.

scholarly journals Vertical Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Crenarchaeota and Methanogens in the Epipelagic Waters of Lake Kivu (Rwanda-Democratic Republic of the Congo)

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (20) ◽  
pp. 6853-6863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Llir�s ◽  
Frederic Gich ◽  
Anna Plasencia ◽  
Jean-Christophe Auguet ◽  
Fran�ois Darchambeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Anoxic Water ◽  
Lake Kivu ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

ABSTRACT Four stratified basins in Lake Kivu (Rwanda-Democratic Republic of the Congo) were sampled in March 2007 to investigate the abundance, distribution, and potential biogeochemical role of planktonic archaea. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization with catalyzed-reported deposition microscopic counts (CARD-FISH), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) of signature genes for ammonia-oxidizing archaea (16S rRNA for marine Crenarchaeota group 1.1a [MCG1] and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A [amoA]). Abundance of archaea ranged from 1 to 4.5% of total DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) counts with maximal concentrations at the oxic-anoxic transition zone (∼50-m depth). Phylogenetic analysis of the archaeal planktonic community revealed a higher level of richness of crenarchaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences (21 of the 28 operational taxonomic units [OTUs] identified [75%]) over euryarchaeotal ones (7 OTUs). Sequences affiliated with the kingdom Euryarchaeota were mainly recovered from the anoxic water compartment and mostly grouped into methanogenic lineages (Methanosarcinales and Methanocellales). In turn, crenarchaeal phylotypes were recovered throughout the sampled epipelagic waters (0- to 100-m depth), with clear phylogenetic segregation along the transition from oxic to anoxic water masses. Thus, whereas in the anoxic hypolimnion crenarchaeotal OTUs were mainly assigned to the miscellaneous crenarchaeotic group, the OTUs from the oxic-anoxic transition and above belonged to Crenarchaeota groups 1.1a and 1.1b, two lineages containing most of the ammonia-oxidizing representatives known so far. The concomitant vertical distribution of both nitrite and nitrate maxima and the copy numbers of both MCG1 16S rRNA and amoA genes suggest the potential implication of Crenarchaeota in nitrification processes occurring in the epilimnetic waters of the lake.

scholarly journals One-Step Immunochromatographic Dipstick Tests for Rapid Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in Stool Samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nato ◽  
A. Boutonnier ◽  
M. Rajerison ◽  
P. Grosjean ◽  
S. Dartevelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
One Step ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Stool Samples

ABSTRACT We describe the development and evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 based on lipopolysaccharide detection using gold particles. The specificity ranged between 84 and 100%. The sensitivity of the dipsticks ranged from 94.2 to 100% when evaluated with stool samples obtained in Madagascar and Bangladesh. The dipstick can provide a simple tool for epidemiological surveys.

An overview of the African genera of Prodidominae spiders: descriptions and remarks (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4799 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-80
Author(s):  
BRUNO V. B. RODRIGUES ◽  
CRISTINA A. RHEIMS
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species

A taxonomic revision of exclusively African genera of Prodidominae (Gnaphosidae), with the exception of Theuma, is provided. Austrodomus Lawrence, 1947 is revised. The type species A. zuluensis Lawrence, 1947 is redescribed, the male of A. scaber (Purcell, 1904) is described for the first time, and one new species, A. gamsberg sp. nov. (♂), is described from Namibia. Katumbea Cooke, 1964 is considered a junior synonym of Austrodomus and A. oxoniensis (Cooke, 1964) comb. nov. from Tanzania is redescribed. Eleleis Simon, 1893 is revised. The type species, E. crinita Simon, 1893, is redescribed and eight new species are described: E. limpopo sp. nov. (♂♀) from South Africa and Zambia, E. okavango sp. nov. (♂♀) from Botswana and Namibia, E. etosha sp. nov. (♂♀), E. himba sp. nov. (♂) and E. luderitz sp. nov. (♀) from Namibia, E. leleupi sp. nov. (♂) and E. haddadi sp. nov. (♀) from South Africa, and E. solitaria sp. nov. (♀) from Cape Verde. Purcelliana Cooke, 1964 is revised. The type species, P. problematica Cooke, 1964, is redescribed and three new species are described: P. kamaseb sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. khabus sp. nov. (♂♀) from Namibia, and P. cederbergensis sp. nov. (♂) from South Africa. Plutonodomus Cooke, 1964 is redescribed based solely on the type species, P. kungwensis Cooke, 1964. In addition, three new genera are described: Kikongo gen. nov., to include K. ruwenzori sp. nov. (♂♀) and K. buta sp. nov. (♂♀) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R. Congo), and K. rutshuru sp. nov. (♂♀) from D.R. Congo and Kenya; Kituba gen. nov., to include K. mayombensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and K. langalanga sp. nov. (♀) from D.R. Congo; and Yoruba gen. nov., to include Y. ibadanus sp. nov. (♂♀) from Nigeria and Y. toubensis sp. nov. (♂♀) from Ivory Coast. Distribution maps are provided for the species discussed in this study and an identification key is provided for all twelve genera of Prodidominae recorded in Africa. 

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Vibrio cholerae isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (179) ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Shrestha ◽  
S Malla ◽  
BR Adhikari ◽  
G Shakya ◽  
SR Basnyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Keywords Antibiotics ◽  
El Tor

INTRODUCTION: Cholera is one of the most common diarrhoeal diseases in Nepal. Etiological agent of cholera is Vibrio cholerae which removes essential body fluids, salts and vital nutrients, which are necessary for life causing dehydration and malnutrition. Emerging antimicrobial resistant is common. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of cholera patients in Nepal. METHODS: All the laboratory works were conducted in the bacteriology section of National Public Health Laboratory, Teku from March to September 2005. During this period a total of 340 stool samples from diarrhoeal patients were collected and processed according to the standard laboratory methods. Each patient suffering from diarrhoea was directly interviewed for his or her clinical history during sample collection. RESULTS: A total of 340 stool samples were processed and studied from both sex including all ages of patients. Among the processed sample 53 Vibrio cholerae cases were found. All isolated Vibrio cholerae O1 were El Tor, Inaba. All isolated (100%) Vibrio cholerae O1 were sensitive to Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline whereas all were resistant to Nalidixic acid and Cotrimoxazole. Only 15.1% cases were sensitive to Furazolidone whereas 84.9% were resistant. CONCLUSION: All V. cholerae strains isolated in this study were found resistant to Multi Drug Resistant (resistant to at least two antibiotics of different group). Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline were found still more potent antibiotics against Vibrio cholerae isolated during the study. Keywords: antibiotics, susceptibility, Vibrio cholera.

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