north kivu
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2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Espoir Bwenge Malembaka ◽  
Chiara Altare ◽  
Rosine Nshobole Bigirinama ◽  
Ghislain Bisimwa ◽  
Robert Banywesize ◽  
...  

Abstract Background In conflict-affected settings, data on reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) are often lacking for priority setting and timely decision-making. We aimed to describe the levels and trends in RMNCH indicators within Kivu provinces between 2015 and 2018, by linking conflict data with health facility (HF) data from the District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2). Methods We used data from the DHIS2 for the period 2015–2018, the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey, the 2018 Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Health zones were categorised in low, moderate and high conflict intensity level, based on an annual conflict death rate. We additionally defined a monthly conflict death rate and a conflict event-days rate as measures of conflict intensity and insecurity. Outcomes were completion of four antenatal care visits, health facility deliveries, caesarean sections and pentavalent vaccine coverage. We assessed data quality and analyzed coverage and trends in RMNCH indicators graphically, by conflict categories and using HF data aggregated annually. We used a series of fixed-effect regression models to examine the potential dose-response effect of varying conflict intensity and insecurity on RMNCH. Results The overall HF reporting was good, ranging between 83.3 and 93.2% and tending to be lower in health zones with high conflict intensity in 2016 and 2017 before converging in 2018. Despite the increasing number of conflict-affected health zones over time, more in North-Kivu than in South-Kivu, we could not identify any clear pattern of variation in RMNCH coverage both by conflict intensity and insecurity. North-Kivu province had consistently reported better RMNCH indicators than South-Kivu, despite being more affected by conflict. The Kivu as a whole recorded higher coverage than the national level. Coverage of RMNCH services calculated from HF data was consistent with population-based surveys, despite year-to-year fluctuation among health zones and across conflict-intensity categories. Conclusions Although good in general, the HF reporting rate in the Kivu was negatively impacted by conflict intensity especially at the beginning of the DHIS2’s rolling-up. Routine HF data appeared useful for assessing and monitoring trends in RMNCH service coverage, including in areas with high-intensity conflict.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
Mukulu Evariste Balimwacha ◽  
Muyisa Musongora Kambale ◽  
Vikanza Paul Katembo

2021 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 105352
Author(s):  
Nik Stoop ◽  
Sébastien Desbureaux ◽  
Audacieux Kaota ◽  
Elie Lunanga ◽  
Marijke Verpoorten

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
James Ngamije

Several cases of Ebola virus diseases (EVD), have been discovered in Africa. The 2018–2019 outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in North Kivu and Ituri provinces has been declared International public health emergency. Rwanda as a neighboring country was on high alert, with the possibility of the disease crossing its borders. As a result, some countries, issued travel alerts to their citizens to avoid travel to Congo or nearby countries to include Rwanda. This study investigates the impact of Ebola outbreak on American Luxury tourists in Rwanda, evaluating its findings in light of the 2018–2019 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Democratic Republic of Congo. It concludes that this EVD did not discourage this target group of tourists from undertaking their planned itineraries in Rwanda.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Goldstein ◽  
Manjunatha N. Belaganahalli ◽  
Eddy K. Syaluha ◽  
Jean-Paul K. Lukusa ◽  
Denise J. Greig ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The second largest Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak began in the Democratic Republic of Congo in July 2018 in North Kivu Province. Data suggest the outbreak is not epidemiologically linked to the 2018 outbreak in Equateur Province, and that independent introduction of Ebola virus (EBOV) into humans occurred. We tested for antibodies to ebolaviruses in febrile patients seeking care in North Kivu Province prior to the EVD outbreak. Methods Patients were enrolled between May 2017 and April 2018, before the declared start of the outbreak in eastern DRC. Questionnaires were administered to collect demographic and behavioural information to identify risk factors for exposure. Biological samples were evaluated for ebolavirus nucleic acid, and for antibodies to ebolaviruses. Prevalence of exposure was calculated, and demographic factors evaluated for associations with ebolavirus serostatus. Results Samples were collected and tested from 272 people seeking care in the Rutshuru Health Zone in North Kivu Province. All patients were negative for filoviruses by PCR. Intial screening by indirect ELISA found that 30 people were reactive to EBOV-rGP. Results were supported by detection of ebolavirus reactive linear peptides using the Serochip platform. Differential screening of all reactive serum samples against the rGP of all six ebolaviruses and Marburg virus (MARV) showed that 29 people exhibited the strongest reactivity to EBOV and one to Bombali virus (BOMV), and western blotting confirmed results. Titers ranged from 1:100 to 1:12,800. Although both sexes and all ages tested positive for antibodies, women were significantly more likely to be positive and the majority of positives were in February 2018. Conclusions We provide the first documented evidence of exposure to Ebola virus in people in eastern DRC. We detected antibodies to EBOV in 10% of febrile patients seeking healthcare prior to the declaration of the 2018–2020 outbreak, suggesting early cases may have been missed or exposure ocurred without associated illness. We also report the first known detection of antibodies to BOMV, previously detected in bats in West and East Africa, and show that human exposure to BOMV has occurred. Our data suggest human exposure to ebolaviruses may be more frequent and geographically widespread.


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