scholarly journals Associations between gestational weight gain adequacy and neonatal outcomes in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Perumal ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Anne Marie Darling ◽  
Molin Wang ◽  
Enju Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Newborn Outcomes

Introduction: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with fetal and newborn health; however, data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Methods: We used data from a prenatal micronutrient supplementation trial among a cohort of HIV-negative pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to estimate the relationships between GWG and newborn outcomes. GWG adequacy was defined as the ratio of the total observed weight gain over the recommended weight gain based on the Institute of Medicine body mass index (BMI)-specific guidelines. Newborn outcomes assessed were: stillbirth, perinatal death, preterm birth, low birthweight, macrosomia, small-for-gestational age (SGA), large-for-gestational age (LGA), stunting at birth, and microcephaly. Modified Poisson regressions with robust standard error were used to estimate the relative risk of newborn outcomes as a function of GWG adequacy. Results: Of 7561 women included in this study, 51% had severely inadequate (<70%) or inadequate GWG (70-90%), 31% had adequate GWG (90-125%), and 18% had excessive GWG (≥125%). Compared to adequate GWG, severely inadequate GWG was associated with a higher risk of low birthweight, SGA, stunting at birth, and microcephaly; whereas excessive GWG was associated with a higher risk of LGA and macrosomia. Conclusion: Interventions to support optimal gestational weight gain are needed and are likely to improve newborn outcomes.

scholarly journals Weight gain in pregnancy: is less truly more for mother and infant?

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARY Although more than 50% of women gain weight above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for weight gain in pregnancy and excessive weight gain is an independent risk factor for significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and offspring obesity, there is little consensus over the ideal weight gain during pregnancy. Surprisingly, the 2009 IOM guidelines varied minimally from the 1990 IOM guidelines, and many critics advocate lower weight gain recommendations. This review explores the energy costs of pregnancy, the relationship between gestational weight gain and birth weight, and considers what gestational weight gain minimizes both large-for-gestational age as well as small-for-gestational age infants. An extensive examination of the current data leads this author to question whether the current weight gain recommendations are too liberal, especially for obese pregnant women.

scholarly journals Comparison between American Institute of Medicine Guidelines and Local Recommendation for Gestational Weight Gain in Taiwanese Primiparous Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Waits ◽  
Chao-Yu Guo ◽  
Li-Yin Chien
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Discriminative Performance ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Background : American Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends different ranges of gestational weight gain (GWG) based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). In Taiwan, IOM guidelines are implemented concurrently with the local recommendation for GWG (10–14 kg). This study compared between the two sets of guidelines in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes.Methods : We analyzed 31653 primiparas with singletons from 2011-2016 annual National Breastfeeding Surveys. Logistic regressions for preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), cesarean section and excessive postpartum weight retention (PWR) were fitted separately for GWG categorized according to IOM and Taiwan ranges. Areas under the receiver-operator curves (AUC) and the predicted probabilities for each outcome were compared in each BMI group.Results : AUC for both guidelines ranged within 0.51 – 0.73. Compared to Taiwan recommendation, IOM ranges showed lower probabilities of SGA for underweight (0.11–0.15 versus 0.14–0.18), of LGA for obese (0.12–0.15 versus 0.15–0.18), of excessive PWR for overweight (0.19–0.30 versus 0.27–0.39), and obese (0.15–0.22 versus 0.25-0.36); and higher probabilities of excessive PWR for underweight (0.17-0.33 versus 0.14-0.22).Conclusions : Discriminative performance of IOM and Taiwan recommendations was poor for the five adverse birth outcomes, and no preference for either set of recommendations could be inferred from our results. In the absence of specific GWG guidelines, health care workers may provide inconsistent information to their patients. Future research is needed to explore optimal GWG ranges that can reliably predict locally relevant perinatal outcomes for mother and child.

THE ASSOCIATION OF GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyue Xu ◽  
Zhijuan Ge ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Shanmei Shen ◽  
Yan Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Gestational Weight

Objective: To explore the association of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) targets and adverse perinatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies, and whether a modified target might be related to a lower rate of adverse perinatal outcomes for GDM. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 1,138 women of normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 1,200 women with GDM. Based on the IOM target, pregnancies were classified to appropriate GWG (aGWG), inadequate GWG, and excessive GWG (eGWG). Modified GWG targets included: upper limit of IOM target minus 1 kg (IOM-1) or 2 kg (IOM-2), both upper and lower targets minus 1 kg (IOM-1-1) or 2 kg (IOM-2-2). Results: The proportions of women achieving eGWG were 26.3% in NGT and 31.2% in GDM ( P = .036); in comparison, for aGWG NGT, the risks of large for gestational age (LGA) were significantly higher in eGWG NGT (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 2.13), aGWG GDM (adjusted OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.95), and eGWG GDM (adjusted OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.92 to 3.70). GDM pregnancies gaining aGWG based on the modified GWG targets (IOM-2, IOM-1-1, and IOM-2-2) had a lower prevalence of LGA and macrosomia delivery than that for similar pregnancies using the original IOM target (all P<.05). Conclusion: For aGWG GDM according to the IOM target, adhering to a more stringent weight control was associated with decreased adverse outcomes. A tighter IOM target might help to reduce the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Abbreviations: aGWG = appropriate gestational weight gain; BG = blood glucose; BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; eGWG = excessive gestational weight gain; GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus; GW = gestational weeks; GWG = gestational weight gain; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; iGWG = inadequate gestational weight gain; IOM = Institute of Medicine; LGA = large for gestational age; NGT = normal glucose tolerance; NICU = neonatal intensive care unit; OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test; OR = odds ratio; PARp = partial population attributable risks; SGA = small for gestational age

scholarly journals Suggested Gestational Weight Gain for Chinese Women and Comparison with Institute of Medicine Criteria: A Large Population-Based Study

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Wenyu Huang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhihong Tian ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Weight

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To establish suggested gestational weight gain (GWG) using several distinct methods in a Chinese population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study analyzed data from the medical records of singleton pregnancy women during 2011–2017 in Beijing, China. Suggested GWG was calculated using four distinct methods. In method 1, suggested GWG was identified by the interquartile method. Subsequently, risk models for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) with respect to GWG were constructed. GWG was treated as a continuous variable in method 2, and as a categorized variable in methods 3 and 4. <b><i>Results:</i></b> An average GWG of 15.78 kg with a prevalence of LGA at 19.34% and SGA at 2.12% was observed among the 34,470 participants. Methods 1 and 2 did not yield clinically applicable results. The suggested GWGs were 11–17/11–16 kg, 9–19/9–15 kg, 4–12/4–10 kg, and 0–12/0–6 kg by method 3/method 4 for underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively. The GWG range suggested by method 3 resulted in a larger proportion of participants (62.03%) within range, while the suggested GWG range by method 4 was associated with a lower risk of LGA compared to that conferred by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study suggests a modest GWG goal compared to IOM recommendations based on a large Chinese cohort.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Institute of Medicine Guidelines for Gestational Weight Gain in Women with Chronic Hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. e145-e150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Siegel ◽  
Alan Tita ◽  
Hannah Machemehl ◽  
Joseph Biggio ◽  
Lorie Harper
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Iom Recommendations ◽  
The Impact

Objective To assess the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) outside the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations on perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension (HTN). Methods The study consisted of a retrospective cohort of all singletons with HTN from 2000 to 2014. Maternal outcomes examined were superimposed preeclampsia and cesarean delivery. Neonatal outcomes were small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and preterm birth (PTB). Groups were compared using analysis of variance and chi-squared test for trend. Backward stepwise logistic regression was adjusted for confounding factors. Results Of 702 subjects, 106 (15.1%) gained within, 176 (25.0%) gained less, and 420 (59.8%) gained more weight than the IOM recommendations. After adjusting for confounders, GWG above IOM recommendations remained associated with LGA (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.53, confidence interval [CI] 95%:1.29–4.95). Weight gain less than recommended was associated with a decreased risk of superimposed preeclampsia (AOR: 0.49, CI 95%: 0.26–0.93) without increasing the risk of SGA (AOR: 1.03, CI 95%: 0.57–1.86). Conclusion Women with pregnancies complicated by chronic HTN should be counseled regarding the association of LGA with excessive GWG. Additionally, they should be counseled that weight gain below recommendations may be associated with a decreased risk of superimposed preeclampsia; however, this association deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Patterns of Gestational Weight Gain in Women with Overweight or Obesity and Risk of Large for Gestational Age

Obesity Facts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Wenyu Huang ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhihong Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

scholarly journals Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes among Nulliparous Women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie M. Dude ◽  
William Grobman ◽  
David Haas ◽  
Brian M. Mercer ◽  
Samuel Parry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders

Abstract Objective To determine the association between total gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes. Study Design Data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-To-Be (NuMoM2b) study were used. Total gestational weight gain was categorized as inadequate, adequate, or excessive based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Outcomes examined included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, mode of delivery, shoulder dystocia, large for gestational age or small for-gestational age birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Results Among 8,628 women, 1,666 (19.3%) had inadequate, 2,945 (34.1%) had adequate, and 4,017 (46.6%) had excessive gestational weight gain. Excessive gestational weight gain was associated with higher odds of hypertensive disorders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–2.36) Cesarean delivery (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41), and large for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23–1.80), but lower odds of small for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50–0.71). Conversely, inadequate gestational weight gain was associated with lower odds of hypertensive disorders (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.92), Cesarean delivery (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65–0.92), and a large for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55–0.94), but higher odds of having a small for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.37–1.96). Conclusion Both excessive and inadequate gestational weight gain are associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Gestational Weight Gain Influences Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Obesity and Gestational Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Ramos-Levi ◽  
Gemma Rodriguez-Carnero ◽  
Cristina Garcia-Fontao ◽  
Antia Fernandez-Pombo ◽  
Paula Andújar-Plata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background. Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated to increased risk of perinatal complications and obesity in the offspring. However, the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on maternal and fetal outcomes has led to controversial results. Research design and methods. Retrospective study of 220 women with GDM and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Pregnant women were classified according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations regarding prior BMI and GWG. We evaluated the impact of GWG on birth weight and perinatal outcomes. Results. Mean maternal age was 34.7±5.3 years. Pre-pregnancy obesity was classified as grade I in 55.3% of cases, grade II in 32.0%, and grade III in 12.7%. GWG was adequate (5-9kg) in 24.2%, insufficient (< 5kg) in 41.8% and excessive (> 9kg) in 34.2%. Birthweight was within normal range in 81.9%, 3.6% were small for gestational age (SGA) and 14.4% were large for gestational age (LGA). Insufficient GWG was associated to a higher rate of SGA offspring, excessive GWG was associated to LGA and adequate GWG to normal birth weight. Conclusion. GWG in women with pre-pregnancy obesity and GDM impacts neonatal birthweight. Insufficient GWG is associated to SGA and excessive GWG is associated to LGA. Women with adequate GWG according to IOM guidelines obtained better perinatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Gestational Weight Gain among Healthy Pregnant Women from Asia in Comparison with Institute of Medicine (IOM) Guidelines-2009: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Arora ◽  
Bani Tamber Aeri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Gestational Weight

In 1990, Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) ranges for women in the United States primarily to improve infant birth weight. Changes in key aspects of reproductive health of women of child bearing age, a rising prevalence of obesity, and noncommunicable diseases prompted the revision of IOM guidelines in 2009. However, there is no such recommendation available for Asian women. This systematic review assesses the utility of IOM-2009 guidelines among Indian and other Asian pregnant women in terms of maternal and fetal outcomes. 624 citations were identified using PubMed and Google Scholar, out of which 13 were included. Prospective/retrospective studies of healthy Asian women with a singleton pregnancy which specifically examined fetal-maternal outcomes relative to IOM-2009 guidelines were included. Results. Majority of pregnant Indian women achieved less GWG than the recommendations whereas a mixed trend was noticed among the other Asian pregnant women. The most common fetal-maternal complications among the excessive GWG women were found to be macrosomia, large for gestational age and caesarean section followed by gestational diabetes and hypertension, whereas low birth weight, small for gestational age and preterm birth, was found to be associated with low GWG women. The findings highlight the need for appropriate GWG limits across the different body mass index levels specifically for Indians and other Asian population. However, there are not enough publications regarding the utility of IOM-2009 guidelines among the Indian and other Asian women. Thus, higher-quality researches are warranted in future to further validate the findings of the present review.

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