scholarly journals Immunogenicity and efficacy of Heat Inactivated Whole-Cell Vaccine to increase murine survival after Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmun Sharmin ◽  
Mahbub E Khoda ◽  
S. M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Nazim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Intramuscular Inoculation ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine ◽  
Experimental Group

Due to the rapid emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains worldwide there is a necessity for greater consideration for the role of preventive vaccines to combat these pathogens. The study reported the effectiveness of a heat-inactivated whole-cell vaccine (HI-WCV) against A. baumannii to produce protective immunity with evaluation of the bactericidal antibody responses in mice after intramuscular inoculation with different XDR strains of A. baumannii Six XDR A. baumannii strains emulsified with complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) were used for intramuscular inoculation in the experimental group of mice (n=4) in three different phases on 14 days interval whereas placebo-controlled mice (n=4) received phosphate-buffered saline emulsified with CFA in same the schedule. Serum was collected from tail blood of each mouse on 10th day after each inoculation and by cardiac puncture on 14th day after lethal dose from the experimental group and after death of the placebo-controlled group. Mice inoculated with heat-inactivated whole-cell vaccine survived and showed a higher neutralizing (IgG) antibody response after 2nd (>7-fold titre) and 3rd inoculation (>12-fold titre) whereas all mice from placebo-controlled group did not survived. Sera from experimental group of mice collected (38th day) after 3rd inoculation resulted in higher serum bactericidal killing index (42.12) after three hours incubation with an XDR A. baumannii over sera collected after 1st and 2nd inoculation (50% cutoff value=14.5). These results suggest that intramuscular vaccination with heat-inactivated whole-cell vaccine stimulated IgG antibody responses that can increase murine survival after XDR A. baumannii infection.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses to Bordetella pertussis Fim2 or Fim3 following Immunization with a Whole-Cell, Two-Component, or Five-Component Acellular Pertussis Vaccine and following Pertussis Disease in Children in Sweden in 1997 and 2007

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hallander ◽  
Abdolreza Advani ◽  
Frances Alexander ◽  
Lennart Gustafsson ◽  
Margaretha Ljungman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine

ABSTRACTBordetella pertussisfimbriae (Fim2 and Fim3) are components of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine (diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis vaccine [DTaP5]), and antibody responses to fimbriae have been associated with protection. We analyzed the IgG responses to individual Fim2 and Fim3 in sera remaining from a Swedish placebo-controlled efficacy trial that compared a whole-cell vaccine (diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccine [DTwP]), a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP2), and DTaP5. One month following three doses of the Fim-containing vaccines (DTwP or DTaP5), anti-Fim2 geometric mean IgG concentrations were higher than those for anti-Fim3, with a greater anti-Fim2/anti-Fim3 IgG ratio elicited by DTaP5. We also determined the responses in vaccinated children following an episode of pertussis. Those who received DTaP5 showed a large rise in anti-Fim2 IgG, reflecting the predominant Fim2 serotype at the time. In contrast, those who received DTwP showed an equal rise in anti-Fim2 and anti-Fim3 IgG concentrations, indicating that DTwP may provide a more efficient priming effect for a Fim3 response following contact withB. pertussis. Anti-Fim2 and anti-Fim3 IgG concentrations were also determined in samples from two seroprevalence studies conducted in Sweden in 1997, when no pertussis vaccine was used and Fim2 isolates predominated, and in 2007, when either DTaP2 or DTaP3 without fimbriae was used and Fim3 isolates predominated. Very similar distributions of anti-Fim2 and anti-Fim3 IgG concentrations were obtained in 1997 and 2007, except that anti-Fim3 concentrations in 1997 were lower. This observation, together with the numbers of individuals with both anti-Fim2 and anti-Fim3 IgG concentrations, strongly suggests thatB. pertussisexpresses both Fim2 and Fim3 during infection.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Irradiated Pneumococcal Whole Cell Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Eunbyeol Ko ◽  
Soyoung Jeong ◽  
Min Yong Jwa ◽  
A Reum Kim ◽  
Ye-Eun Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) can cause respiratory and systemic diseases. Recently, γ-irradiation-inactivated, non-encapsulated, intranasal S. pneumoniae (r-SP) vaccine has been introduced as a novel serotype-independent and cost-effective vaccine. However, the immunogenic mechanism of r-SP is poorly understood. Here, we comparatively investigated the protective immunity and immunogenicity of r-SP to the heat-(h-SP) or formalin-inactivated vaccine (f-SP) without adjuvants. Mice were intranasally immunized with each vaccine three times and then challenged with a lethal dose of S. pneumoniae TIGR4 strain and then subsequently evaluated for their immune responses. Immunization with r-SP elicited modestly higher protection against S. pneumoniae than h-SP or f-SP. Immunization with r-SP enhanced pneumococcal-specific IgA in the nasal wash and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Immunization with r-SP enhanced S. pneumoniae-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b in the serum. r-SP more potently induced the maturation of dendritic cells in the cervical lymph nodes than h-SP or f-SP. Interestingly, populations of follicular helper T cells and IL-4-producing cells were potently increased in cervical lymph nodes of r-SP-immunized mice. Collectively, r-SP could be an effective intranasal, inactivated whole-cell vaccine in that it elicits S. pneumoniae-specific antibody production and follicular helper T cell activation leading to protective immune responses against S. pneumoniae infection.

Antibody responses and persistence in the two years after immunization with two acellular vaccines and one whole-cell vaccine against pertussis

1998 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Giuliano ◽  
Paola Mastrantonio ◽  
Anna Giammanco ◽  
Annunziata Piscitelli ◽  
Stefania Salmaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine ◽  
Acellular Vaccines

Primary Immunization of Infants With an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Margareta Blennow ◽  
Marta Granström ◽  
Eva Jäätmaa ◽  
Patrick Olin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine ◽  
Acellular Vaccine

The rate of adverse reactions and the immunogenicity of a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine as compared with a plain whole-cell vaccine and a placebo were evaluated for primary immunization in 319 6-month-old infants in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. The acellular vaccine produced few and mild systemic and local reactions. Fever (≥38°C) occurred in 6% to 8% of acellular vaccinees as opposed to 25% to 37% of whole-cell vaccinees. Redness (≥1 cm) appeared in 2% to 13% of the acellular vaccine and 24% to 32% of the whole-cell vaccine recipients. Antibody response to pertussis toxin measured in a neutralization test was obtained in 97% to 100% of the infants receiving either two or three doses of the acellular vaccine as compared to 59% after three doses of whole-cell vaccine.

scholarly journals PERTUSSIS INCIDENCE AND THE EFFECT OF REVACCINATION OF PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. M. Kostinov ◽  
M. P. Kostinov
Keyword(s):  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infections

The review is devoted to the analysis of pertussis incidence of children in the age group of 5–7, as well as strategies of DTP immunization with the help of the drugs in foreign countries. Mass vaccination against pertussis began in the middle of the 20th century, which contributed to a reduction in incidence and mortality rate from this infection. However, in the last decade, there has been an opposite tendency of increasing incidence of patients among children under school age, school age and adults. Atypical forms of the disease and complications due to ARVI, respiratory mycoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infections are described in the review. Various strategies for the use of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines as part of DTP drugs are described, as well as the epidemiological effect of introducing an additional booster dose of vaccine to children under school age. The expediency of revaccination of children aged 6–7 in Russia is argued, which can help to reduce the overall incidence of pertussis. The research materials related to the study of the properties of acellular anti-pertussis vaccine, such as immunogenicity and safety in comparison with whole-cell vaccine, are analyzed. The main drugs and their composition, which are used to vaccinate children against pertussis, are described in the review. It is assumed, that the increase in the incidence among children and teenagers, with the appearance of atypical forms of pertussis, is associated with a number of factors, such as the spread of new genotypes of Bordetella pertussis bacterium, emerged from mutations, as well as short duration of immunity after vaccination with acellular drugs, in comparison with whole-cell, and the use of more modern methods of detecting the pathogen. The mechanisms of the immune response due to different types of pertussis vaccines are also reviewed. It is concluded, that revaccination of children aged 6–7 with an additional fifth dose of an acellular vaccine against pertussis, as part of the DTaP instead of the Td drug, which is regulated in the National Calendar of preventive vaccinations, will have a favorable effect on the epidemic situation with pertussis infection in Russia.

scholarly journals A Self-Assembling Whole-Cell Vaccine Antigen Presentation Platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Liao ◽  
Daniel R. Smith ◽  
Jóhanna Brynjarsdóttir ◽  
Paula I. Watnick
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine ◽  
Common Infection

ABSTRACTDiarrhea is the most common infection in children under the age of 5 years worldwide. In spite of this, only a few vaccines to treat infectious diarrhea exist, and many of the available vaccines are sparingly and sporadically administered. Major obstacles to the development and widespread implementation of vaccination include the ease and cost of production, distribution, and delivery. Here we present a novel, customizable, and self-assembling vaccine platform that exploits theVibrio choleraebacterial biofilm matrix for antigen presentation. We use this technology to create a proof-of-concept, live-attenuated whole-cell vaccine that is boosted by spontaneous association of a secreted protein antigen with the cell surface. Sublingual administration of this live-attenuated vaccine to mice confers protection againstV. choleraechallenge and elicits the production of antigen-specific IgA in stool. The platform presented here enables the development of antigen-boosted vaccines that are simple to produce and deliver, addressing many of the obstacles to vaccination against diarrheal diseases. This may also serve as a paradigm for the development of broadly protective biofilm-based vaccines against other mucosal infections.IMPORTANCEDiarrheal disease is the most common infection afflicting children worldwide. In resource-poor settings, these infections are correlated with cognitive delay, stunted growth, and premature death. With the development of efficacious, affordable, and easily administered vaccines, such infections could be prevented. While a major focus of research on biofilms has been their elimination, here we harness the bacterial biofilm to create a customizable platform for cost-effective, whole-cell mucosal vaccines that self-incorporate secreted protein antigens. We use this platform to develop a sublingually administered live-attenuated prototype vaccine based onVibrio cholerae. This serves not only as a proof of concept for a multivalent vaccine against common bacterial enteric pathogens but also as a paradigm for vaccines utilizing other bacterial biofilms to target mucosal infections.

scholarly journals Process intensification for production of Streptococcus pneumoniae whole cell vaccine

Authorea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Campos ◽  
Celso Cardoso Jr ◽  
Fernando Fratelli ◽  
Muriel Herd ◽  
Kristin Moffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine
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