scholarly journals Acidity and sulfur oxidation intermediate concentrations controlled by O2-driven partitioning of sulfur oxidizing bacteria in a mine tailings impoundment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J Whaley-Martin ◽  
Lin-Xing Chen ◽  
Tara Colebrander Nelson ◽  
Jay Gordon ◽  
Rose Kantor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Anoxic Waters ◽  
Tailings Impoundment ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Acidification of freshwater in mining impacted areas is a major global environmental problem catalyzed by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). To date, little is known about the active bacteria in mine tailings impoundments and their environmental niches. Here, biological sulfur oxidation was investigated over four years in a mine tailings impoundment, integrating sulfur geochemistry, genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. We demonstrated oxygen driven niche partitioning of SOB and their metabolic pathways that explain acidity generation and thiosulfate persistence. Four chemolithoautotrophic SOB, Halothiobacillus, Thiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium comprised 37% to 73% of the analyzed communities. The impoundment waters alternated between the dominance of Halothiobacillus versus a Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium consortia. Halothiobacillus dominance was associated with lower pH values (~4.3), higher [H+]/[SO42-] and lower [S2O32-], collectively indicative of extensive sulfur oxidation. Halothiobacillus, which couple sulfur oxidation via the Sox pathway to aerobic respiration or NO2- reduction, were present throughout the depth profile, yet their expression of sox genes occurred only in upper highly oxygenated waters. Conversely, when consortia of Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium dominated, recycling/disproportionating reactions were more prevalent. Thiobacillus, which dominated deeper micro-oxic/anoxic waters, oxidized sulfur primarily through the rDSR pathway, coupled to NO3-/NO2- reduction, resulting in lower [H+]/[SO42-] and higher [S2O32-] relative to upper waters. These field results mirror the Sox/rDSR-geochemical patterns of experimental SOB enrichments and reveal opportunities for biological treatments of recalcitrant reduced sulfur compounds, as well as gene-based monitoring and in situ RNA detection to predict the onset of problematic geochemistry.

scholarly journals Sulfur bacteria promote dissolution of authigenic carbonates at marine methane seeps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Leprich ◽  
Beverly E. Flood ◽  
Peter R. Schroedl ◽  
Elizabeth Ricci ◽  
Jeffery J. Marlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Methane Seeps ◽  
Etch Pits ◽  
Active Dissolution ◽  
Authigenic Carbonates ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractCarbonate rocks at marine methane seeps are commonly colonized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that co-occur with etch pits that suggest active dissolution. We show that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are abundant on the surface of an exemplar seep carbonate collected from Del Mar East Methane Seep Field, USA. We then used bioreactors containing aragonite mineral coupons that simulate certain seep conditions to investigate plausible in situ rates of carbonate dissolution associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Bioreactors inoculated with a sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain, Celeribacter baekdonensis LH4, growing on aragonite coupons induced dissolution rates in sulfidic, heterotrophic, and abiotic conditions of 1773.97 (±324.35), 152.81 (±123.27), and 272.99 (±249.96) μmol CaCO3 • cm−2 • yr−1, respectively. Steep gradients in pH were also measured within carbonate-attached biofilms using pH-sensitive fluorophores. Together, these results show that the production of acidic microenvironments in biofilms of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are capable of dissolving carbonate rocks, even under well-buffered marine conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that authigenic carbonate rock dissolution driven by lithotrophic sulfur-oxidation constitutes a previously unknown carbon flux from the rock reservoir to the ocean and atmosphere.

scholarly journals ON THE GROWTH AND RESPIRATION OF SULFUR-OXIDIZING BACTERIA

1923 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selman A. Waksman ◽  
Robert L. Starkey
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Elementary Sulfur ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Injurious Effect ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

1. It is shown that Sulfomonas thiooxidans oxidizes elementary sulfur completely to sulfuric acid. Sodium thiosulfate is oxidized by this organism completely to sulfate. Sulfomonas thiooxidans differs, in this respect, from various other sulfur-oxidizing bacilli which either produce elementary sulfur, from the thiosulfate, or convert it into sulfates and persulfates. 2. The organism derives its carbon from the CO2 of the atmosphere, but is incapable of deriving the carbon from carbonates or organic matter. 3. The S:C, or ratio between the amount of sulfur oxidized to sulfate and amount of carbon assimilated chemosynthetically from the CO2 of the atmosphere, is, with elementary sulfur as a source of energy, 31.8, and with thiosulfate 64.2. The higher ratio in the case of the thiosulfate is due to the smaller amount of energy liberated in the oxidation of sulfur compound than in the elementary form. 4. Of the total energy made available in the oxidation of the sulfur to sulfuric acid, only 6.65 per cent is used by the organism for the reduction of atmospheric CO2 and assimilation of carbon. 5. Sulfates do not exert any injurious effect upon sulfur oxidation by Sulfomonas thiooxidans. Any effect obtained is due to the cation rather than the sulfate radical. Nitrates exert a distinctly injurious action both on the growth and respiration of the organism. 6. There is a definite correlation between the amount of sulfur present and velocity of oxidation, very similar to that found in the growth of yeasts and nitrifying bacteria. Oxidation reaches a maximum with about 25 gm. of sulfur added to 100 cc. of medium. However, larger amounts of sulfur have no injurious effect. 7. Dextrose does not exert any appreciable injurious effect in concentrations less than 5 per cent. The injurious effect of peptone sets in at 0.1 per cent concentration and brings sulfur oxidation almost to a standstill in 1 per cent concentration. Dextrose does not exert any appreciable influence upon sulfur oxidation and carbon assimilation from the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere. 8. Sulfomonas thiooxidans can withstand large concentrations of sulfuric acid. The oxidation of sulfur is affected only to a small extent even by 0.25 molar initial concentration of the acid. In 0.5 molar solutions, the injurious effect becomes marked. The organism may produce as much as 1.5 molar acid, without being destroyed. 9. Growth is at an optimum at a hydrogen ion concentration equivalent to pH 2.0 to 5.5, dropping down rapidly on the alkaline side, but not to such an extent on the acid, particularly when a pure culture is employed. 10. Respiration of the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can be studied by using the filtrate of a vigorously growing culture, to which a definite amount of sulfur is added, and incubating for 12 to 24 hours.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Sulfuriferula sp. Strain AH1, a Sulfur-Oxidizing Autotroph Isolated from Weathered Mine Tailings from the Duluth Complex in Minnesota

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Jones ◽  
Elizabeth W. Roepke ◽  
An An Hua ◽  
Beverly E. Flood ◽  
Jake V. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Duluth Complex ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

ABSTRACT We report the closed and annotated genome sequence of Sulfuriferula sp. strain AH1. Strain AH1 has a 2,877,007-bp chromosome that includes a partial Sox system for inorganic sulfur oxidation and a complete nitrogen fixation pathway. It also has a single 39,138-bp plasmid with genes for arsenic and mercury resistance.

scholarly journals Evidence for Niche Partitioning Revealed by the Distribution of Sulfur Oxidation Genes Collected from Areas of a Terrestrial Sulfidic Spring with Differing Geochemical Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Headd ◽  
Annette Summers Engel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geochemical Conditions ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Bacterial Genes ◽  
Outflow Channel

ABSTRACTThe diversity and phylogenetic significance of bacterial genes in the environment has been well studied, but comparatively little attention has been devoted to understanding the functional significance of different variations of the same metabolic gene that occur in the same environment. We analyzed the geographic distribution of 16S rRNA pyrosequences andsoxBgenes along a geochemical gradient in a terrestrial sulfidic spring to identify how different taxonomic variations of thesoxBgene were naturally distributed within the spring outflow channel and to identify possible evidence for altered SoxB enzyme function in nature. Distinct compositional differences between bacteria that utilize their SoxB enzyme in theParacoccussulfide oxidation pathway (e.g.,Bradyrhizobium,Paracoccus, andRhodovulum) and bacteria that utilize their SoxB enzyme in the branched pathway (e.g.,Chlorobium,Thiothrix,Thiobacillus,Halothiobacillus, andThiomonas) were identified. Different variations of thesoxBgenes were present at different locations within the spring outflow channel in a manner that significantly corresponded to geochemical conditions. The distribution of the differentsoxBgene sequence variations suggests that the enzymes encoded by these genes are functionally different and could be optimized to specific geochemical conditions that define niche space for bacteria capable of oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Sulfurovum spp. TSL1 and TSL6, Two Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sediment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Guo ◽  
Hideyuki Ihara ◽  
Tomo Aoyagi ◽  
Tomoyuki Hori ◽  
Yoko Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Oxidation Pathway ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Sulfurovum spp. TSL1 and TSL6 are sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacteria isolated from the tsunami-launched marine sediment in the Great East Japan earthquake. This announcement describes the draft genome sequences of the two isolates that possess the gene sets for the sulfur oxidation pathway.

Elemental Sulfur Oxidation by Thiobacillus spp. and Aerobic Heterotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria

Pedosphere ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hui YANG ◽  
K. STÖVEN ◽  
S. HANEKLAUS ◽  
B.R. SINGH ◽  
E. SCHNUG
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Elemental Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria
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