scholarly journals ON THE GROWTH AND RESPIRATION OF SULFUR-OXIDIZING BACTERIA

1923 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selman A. Waksman ◽  
Robert L. Starkey
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Elementary Sulfur ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Injurious Effect ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

1. It is shown that Sulfomonas thiooxidans oxidizes elementary sulfur completely to sulfuric acid. Sodium thiosulfate is oxidized by this organism completely to sulfate. Sulfomonas thiooxidans differs, in this respect, from various other sulfur-oxidizing bacilli which either produce elementary sulfur, from the thiosulfate, or convert it into sulfates and persulfates. 2. The organism derives its carbon from the CO2 of the atmosphere, but is incapable of deriving the carbon from carbonates or organic matter. 3. The S:C, or ratio between the amount of sulfur oxidized to sulfate and amount of carbon assimilated chemosynthetically from the CO2 of the atmosphere, is, with elementary sulfur as a source of energy, 31.8, and with thiosulfate 64.2. The higher ratio in the case of the thiosulfate is due to the smaller amount of energy liberated in the oxidation of sulfur compound than in the elementary form. 4. Of the total energy made available in the oxidation of the sulfur to sulfuric acid, only 6.65 per cent is used by the organism for the reduction of atmospheric CO2 and assimilation of carbon. 5. Sulfates do not exert any injurious effect upon sulfur oxidation by Sulfomonas thiooxidans. Any effect obtained is due to the cation rather than the sulfate radical. Nitrates exert a distinctly injurious action both on the growth and respiration of the organism. 6. There is a definite correlation between the amount of sulfur present and velocity of oxidation, very similar to that found in the growth of yeasts and nitrifying bacteria. Oxidation reaches a maximum with about 25 gm. of sulfur added to 100 cc. of medium. However, larger amounts of sulfur have no injurious effect. 7. Dextrose does not exert any appreciable injurious effect in concentrations less than 5 per cent. The injurious effect of peptone sets in at 0.1 per cent concentration and brings sulfur oxidation almost to a standstill in 1 per cent concentration. Dextrose does not exert any appreciable influence upon sulfur oxidation and carbon assimilation from the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere. 8. Sulfomonas thiooxidans can withstand large concentrations of sulfuric acid. The oxidation of sulfur is affected only to a small extent even by 0.25 molar initial concentration of the acid. In 0.5 molar solutions, the injurious effect becomes marked. The organism may produce as much as 1.5 molar acid, without being destroyed. 9. Growth is at an optimum at a hydrogen ion concentration equivalent to pH 2.0 to 5.5, dropping down rapidly on the alkaline side, but not to such an extent on the acid, particularly when a pure culture is employed. 10. Respiration of the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can be studied by using the filtrate of a vigorously growing culture, to which a definite amount of sulfur is added, and incubating for 12 to 24 hours.

scholarly journals Sulfur bacteria promote dissolution of authigenic carbonates at marine methane seeps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Leprich ◽  
Beverly E. Flood ◽  
Peter R. Schroedl ◽  
Elizabeth Ricci ◽  
Jeffery J. Marlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Methane Seeps ◽  
Etch Pits ◽  
Active Dissolution ◽  
Authigenic Carbonates ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractCarbonate rocks at marine methane seeps are commonly colonized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that co-occur with etch pits that suggest active dissolution. We show that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are abundant on the surface of an exemplar seep carbonate collected from Del Mar East Methane Seep Field, USA. We then used bioreactors containing aragonite mineral coupons that simulate certain seep conditions to investigate plausible in situ rates of carbonate dissolution associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Bioreactors inoculated with a sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain, Celeribacter baekdonensis LH4, growing on aragonite coupons induced dissolution rates in sulfidic, heterotrophic, and abiotic conditions of 1773.97 (±324.35), 152.81 (±123.27), and 272.99 (±249.96) μmol CaCO3 • cm−2 • yr−1, respectively. Steep gradients in pH were also measured within carbonate-attached biofilms using pH-sensitive fluorophores. Together, these results show that the production of acidic microenvironments in biofilms of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are capable of dissolving carbonate rocks, even under well-buffered marine conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that authigenic carbonate rock dissolution driven by lithotrophic sulfur-oxidation constitutes a previously unknown carbon flux from the rock reservoir to the ocean and atmosphere.

scholarly journals Characterization of sulfur oxidizing bacteria related to biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion in sludge digesters

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Huber ◽  
Bastian Herzog ◽  
Jörg E. Drewes ◽  
Konrad Koch ◽  
Elisabeth Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Corrosion ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Revealing biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion in sludge digesters: detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within full-scale digesters

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Huber ◽  
J. E. Drewes ◽  
K. C. Lin ◽  
R. König ◽  
E. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Thiobacillus Thioparus ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Corrosion ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion (BSA) is a costly problem affecting both sewerage infrastructure and sludge handling facilities such as digesters. The aim of this study was to verify BSA in full-scale digesters by identifying the microorganisms involved in the concrete corrosion process, that is, sulfate-reducing (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). To investigate the SRB and SOB communities, digester sludge and biofilm samples were collected. SRB diversity within digester sludge was studied by applying polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) targeting the dsrB-gene (dissimilatory sulfite reductase beta subunit). To reveal SOB diversity, cultivation dependent and independent techniques were applied. The SRB diversity studies revealed different uncultured SRB, confirming SRB activity and H2S production. Comparable DGGE profiles were obtained from the different sludges, demonstrating the presence of similar SRB species. By cultivation, three pure SOB strains from the digester headspace were obtained including Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Thiomonas intermedia and Thiomonas perometabolis. These organisms were also detected with PCR-DGGE in addition to two new SOB: Thiobacillus thioparus and Paracoccus solventivorans. The SRB and SOB responsible for BSA were identified within five different digesters, demonstrating that BSA is a problem occurring not only in sewer systems but also in sludge digesters. In addition, the presence of different SOB species was successfully associated with the progression of microbial corrosion.

scholarly journals Characterizations of sulfur oxidizing bacteria from extensive shrimp ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Aquaculture) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Truong Giang Huynh ◽  
Hung Hai Vu ◽  
Thi Cam Tu Phan ◽  
Thi Tuyet Ngan Pham ◽  
Ngoc Ut Vu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Ion Production ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

The aim of this study is to characterize the sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) isolates from the sediments of extensive shrimp ponds for recommending the use of this group for water quality management in aquaculture. Sediment samples were collected from 12 extensive shrimp ponds located in Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, and Ca Mau provinces. To screen the potential sulfur oxidizing bacteria, medium was amended with sodium thiosulfate, and the sulfate ion production ability and sulfur oxidase enzyme activity of the isolates were measured spectrophotometrically. Results showed that 30 isolates grew on the thiosulfate agar medium. Among these, only five isolates reduced the pH of the growth medium and showed high sulfur oxidase activity and production of sulfate ion when isolates were inoculated with thiosulfate as a substrate. Physiological and biochemical tests indicated that five selected isolates were Gram negative, short rod, non-motile, non-spore forming, negative for oxidase reaction, and positive for catalase reaction. The isolates SOBTB1.1 and SOBTB6.2 showed the significantly higher sulfur oxidase activity and production of sulfate ion compared to other isolates. SOBTB6.2 isolate produced sulfate ion and exhibited higher sulfur oxidase activity at pH4-5, followed by pH6-7. It is, therefore, suggested that the SOBTB 1.1 and SOBTB6.2 could be promising sulfur oxidizers for further research and uses in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Acidity and sulfur oxidation intermediate concentrations controlled by O2-driven partitioning of sulfur oxidizing bacteria in a mine tailings impoundment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J Whaley-Martin ◽  
Lin-Xing Chen ◽  
Tara Colebrander Nelson ◽  
Jay Gordon ◽  
Rose Kantor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Anoxic Waters ◽  
Tailings Impoundment ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Acidification of freshwater in mining impacted areas is a major global environmental problem catalyzed by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). To date, little is known about the active bacteria in mine tailings impoundments and their environmental niches. Here, biological sulfur oxidation was investigated over four years in a mine tailings impoundment, integrating sulfur geochemistry, genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. We demonstrated oxygen driven niche partitioning of SOB and their metabolic pathways that explain acidity generation and thiosulfate persistence. Four chemolithoautotrophic SOB, Halothiobacillus, Thiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium comprised 37% to 73% of the analyzed communities. The impoundment waters alternated between the dominance of Halothiobacillus versus a Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium consortia. Halothiobacillus dominance was associated with lower pH values (~4.3), higher [H+]/[SO42-] and lower [S2O32-], collectively indicative of extensive sulfur oxidation. Halothiobacillus, which couple sulfur oxidation via the Sox pathway to aerobic respiration or NO2- reduction, were present throughout the depth profile, yet their expression of sox genes occurred only in upper highly oxygenated waters. Conversely, when consortia of Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Sulfuricurvum and Sediminibacterium dominated, recycling/disproportionating reactions were more prevalent. Thiobacillus, which dominated deeper micro-oxic/anoxic waters, oxidized sulfur primarily through the rDSR pathway, coupled to NO3-/NO2- reduction, resulting in lower [H+]/[SO42-] and higher [S2O32-] relative to upper waters. These field results mirror the Sox/rDSR-geochemical patterns of experimental SOB enrichments and reveal opportunities for biological treatments of recalcitrant reduced sulfur compounds, as well as gene-based monitoring and in situ RNA detection to predict the onset of problematic geochemistry.

scholarly journals Accelerated Biodegradation of Cement by Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria as a Bioassay for Evaluating Immobilization of Low-Level Radioactive Waste

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6031-6036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orli Aviam ◽  
Gabi Bar-Nes ◽  
Yehuda Zeiri ◽  
Alex Sivan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Leaching Kinetics ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Disposal of low-level radioactive waste by immobilization in cement is being evaluated worldwide. The stability of cement in the environment may be impaired by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that corrode the cement by producing sulfuric acid. Since this process is so slow that it is not possible to perform studies of the degradation kinetics and to test cement mixtures with increased durability, procedures that accelerate the biodegradation are required. Semicontinuous cultures of Halothiobacillus neapolitanus and Thiomonas intermedia containing thiosulfate as the sole energy source were employed to accelerate the biodegradation of cement samples. This resulted in a weight loss of up to 16% after 39 days, compared with a weight loss of 0.8% in noninoculated controls. Scanning electron microscopy of the degraded cement samples revealed deep cracks, which could be associated with the formation of low-density corrosion products in the interior of the cement. Accelerated biodegradation was also evident from the leaching rates of Ca2+ and Si2+, the major constituents of the cement matrix, and Ca exhibited the highest rate (up to 20 times greater than the control rate) due to the reaction between free lime and the biogenic sulfuric acid. Leaching of Sr2+ and Cs+, which were added to the cement to simulate immobilization of the corresponding radioisotopes, was also monitored. In contrast to the linear leaching kinetics of calcium, silicon, and strontium, the leaching pattern of cesium produced a saturation curve similar to the control curve. Presumably, the leaching of cesium is governed by the diffusion process, whereas the leaching kinetics of the other three ions seems to governed by dissolution of the cement.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Sulfurovum spp. TSL1 and TSL6, Two Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sediment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Guo ◽  
Hideyuki Ihara ◽  
Tomo Aoyagi ◽  
Tomoyuki Hori ◽  
Yoko Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Oxidation Pathway ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Sulfurovum spp. TSL1 and TSL6 are sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacteria isolated from the tsunami-launched marine sediment in the Great East Japan earthquake. This announcement describes the draft genome sequences of the two isolates that possess the gene sets for the sulfur oxidation pathway.

Elemental Sulfur Oxidation by Thiobacillus spp. and Aerobic Heterotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria

Pedosphere ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hui YANG ◽  
K. STÖVEN ◽  
S. HANEKLAUS ◽  
B.R. SINGH ◽  
E. SCHNUG
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Elemental Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document