Genomic Surveillance in Japan of AY.29—A New Sub-lineage of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant with C5239T and T5514C Mutations

10.1101/2021.09.20.21263869 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takashi Abe ◽

Masanori Arita

Keyword(s):

In the present study, we report a new sub-lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant called AY.29, which has C5239T and T5514C mutations. We investigated the monthly trend of AY.29 in Japan within 11,954 Delta variants downloaded on September 3, 2021. Among the total Japanese Delta variants, the AY.29 sub-lineage accounted for 88.4%. In terms of monthly changes, the sequences became predominant in June, and accounted for 93.2% and 94.2% of the reported sequences in July and August, respectively. Furthermore, the number of Delta variants imported from abroad during the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympics (held in August 2021) was extremely low. Therefore, the epidemic of the new Delta variant is attributable to a newly occurring mutation in Japan.

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Stem Cells and Endometrial Regeneration: From Basic Research to Clinical Trial

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x14666181205120110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 293-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xinxin Zhu ◽

Bruno Péault ◽

Guijun Yan ◽

Haixiang Sun ◽

Yali Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Basic Research ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Endometrial Stem Cells ◽

Endometrial Injury ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Monthly Changes

Monthly changes in the endometrial cycle indicate the presence of endometrial stem cells. In recent years, various stem cells that exist in the endometrium have been identified and characterized. Additionally, many studies have shown that Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) provide an alternative source for regenerating the endometrium and repairing endometrial injury. This review discusses the origin of endometrial stem cells, the characteristics and main biomarkers among five types of putative endometrial stem cells, applications of endometrium-derived stem cells and menstrual blood-derived stem cells, the association between BM-MSCs and endometrial stem cells, and progress in repairing endometrial injury.

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Hindcasting Soundscapes before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Areas of the North Sea and the Adriatic Sea

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9070702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 702

Author(s):

Hüseyin Özkan Sertlek

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Adriatic Sea ◽

Propagation Model ◽

The North ◽

Fishing Vessels ◽

Water Test ◽

The North Sea ◽

Monthly Changes ◽

Source Level ◽

Sound Maps

The national measures in several European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic also affected offshore human activities, including shipping. In this work, the temporal and spatial variations of shipping sound are calculated for the years before and during the pandemic in selected shallow water test areas from the Southern North Sea and the Adriatic Sea. First, the monthly sound pressure level maps of ships and wind between 2017 and 2020 are calculated for frequencies between 100 Hz to 10 kHz. Next, the monthly changes in these maps are compared. The asymptotic approximation of the hybrid flux-mode propagation model reduces the computational requirements for sound mapping simulations and facilitates the production of a large number of sound maps for different months, depths, frequencies, and ship categories. After the strictest COVID-19 measures were applied in April 2020, the largest decline was observed for the fishing, passenger and recreational ships. Although the changes in the number of fishing vessels are large, their contribution to the soundscape is minor due to their low source level. In both test areas, the spatial exceedance levels and acoustic energies were decreased in 2020 compared to the average of the previous three years.

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Differences in morpho-physiological leaf traits reflect the response of growth to drought in a seeder but not in a resprouter Mediterranean species

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp11232 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 332 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

David A. Ramírez ◽

Antonio Parra ◽

Víctor Resco de Dios ◽

José M. Moreno

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Late Summer ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Monthly Changes ◽

Projected Changes

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the response of different plant functional types to current and projected changes in rainfall is particularly important in drought-prone areas like the Mediterranean. Here, we report the responses of two species with contrasting leaf characteristics and post-fire regeneration strategies (Cistus ladanifer L., malacophyllous, seeder; Erica arborea L., sclerophyllous, resprouter) to a manipulative field experiment that simulated a severe drought (45% reduction of historical average rainfall). We measured monthly changes in relative growth rate (RGR), specific leaf area (SLA), bulk leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C), predawn water potential (Ψpd), photosynthetic gas exchange, bulk modulus of elasticity and osmotic potential at maximum turgor (π). Temporal (monthly) changes in RGR of C. ladanifer were correlated with all measured leaf traits (except π) and followed Ψpd variation. However, the temporal pattern of RGR in E. arborea was largely unrelated to water availability. SLA monthly variation reflected RGR variation reasonably well in C. ladanifer, but not in E. arborea, in which shoot growth and δ13C increased at the time of maximum water stress in late summer. The relationship between water availability, and RGR and carbon assimilation in C. ladanifer, and the lack of any relationship in E. arborea suggest that the former has an enhanced capacity to harness unpredictable rainfall pulses compared with the latter. These contrasting responses to water availability indicate that the projected changes in rainfall with global warming could alter the competitive ability of these two species, and contribute to changes in plant dominance in Mediterranean shrublands.

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Types and amounts of the precipitation changes in recent 50 years of the Babao River basin

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7886 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guanxing Wang ◽

Fan Zhang

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Precipitation Amount ◽

Precipitation Pattern ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Wet Season ◽

Local Agriculture ◽

Changing Trend ◽

Precipitation Type ◽

Monthly Changes ◽

Precipitation Changes

<p>Being an important water resource of the local and downstream living hoods, precipitation amount is experiencing drastic changes in the Babao River basin in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau. Precipitation types also have great impacts on the runoff. However, in usual cases, weather stations only record precipitation amount without discriminating its type. Here, we compared results from three methods at improving precipitation type (solid and liquid) estimation with discontinuous 24 years precipitation type records of the Qilian gauging station. The results (bias rank of the three methods is 2.5% < 17.3% < 20.1%) showed that the estimation of different thresholds for wet season (4 &#176;C) and dry season (5.5 &#176;C) is the closest to the actual records. Based on the precipitation type distinction, the precipitation type and its amount changing trend in recent 50 years of the Babao River basin was examined. On average, snowfall accounts for 10.7% in whole year, and mainly happens in March, April, May and October (8.9% in whole year). In the context of climate warming, the annual precipitation and rainfall increasing significantly while the annual snowfall decreased slightly. Furthermore, on the perspective of monthly changes, rainfall amounts of May and August enhanced significantly while snowfall amount decreased significantly in June and September. The above conclusions indicated the warming climate also changed the precipitation pattern in the Babao River basin which would likely cause drought in the spring season and bring challenge to the local agriculture.</p>

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First Look at the Occurrence of Horizontally Oriented Ice Crystals over Summit, Greenland

10.5194/acp-2016-1134 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Cole ◽

Ryan R. Neely III. ◽

Robert A. Stillwell

Keyword(s):

Ground Level ◽

Cirrus Clouds ◽

Ice Crystals ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Microphysical Properties ◽

Stratiform Clouds ◽

Monthly Changes ◽

Microphysical Processes ◽

Monthly Variations

Abstract. The microphysical properties of clouds play a significant role in determining their radiative effect; one of these properties is the orientation of ice crystals. A source of error in current microphysical retrievals and model simulations is the assumption that clouds are composed of only randomly oriented ice crystals (ROIC). This assumption is frequently not true, as evidenced by optical phenomena such as parhelia (commonly referred to as sundogs). Here, observations from the Cloud, Aerosol and Polarization Backscatter Lidar (CAPABL) at Summit, Greenland are utilized along with instruments that are part of the Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS) project in order to determine when, where and under what conditions horizontally oriented ice crystals (HOIC) occur at Summit, Greenland. Between July 2015 and May 2016, HOIC are observed on 86 days of the 335-day study. HOIC occurred within stratiform clouds on 48 days, in precipitation on 32 days and in cirrus clouds on 14 days. Analysis of all of the cases found that, on average, in comparison to ROIC, HOIC occur at higher temperatures, higher wind speeds and lower heights above ground level. Differences were also present in the relative humidities (RHs) at which HOIC and ROIC occurred in stratiform clouds and precipitation but not in cirrus clouds. Analysis over the whole study period revealed monthly variations in the abundance of HOIC with the number of detections peaking in April and October. Monthly changes were also present in the number of days containing HOIC. The results presented here aim to be the first step towards a comprehensive climatology and understanding of the microphysical processes that lead to the formation of HOIC at Summit, Greenland.

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Role of de novo biosynthesis in ecosystem scale monoterpene emissions from a boreal Scots pine forest

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-8-2247-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 2247-2255 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

R. Taipale ◽

M. K. Kajos ◽

J. Patokoski ◽

P. Rantala ◽

T. M. Ruuskanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

De Novo ◽

Proton Transfer Reaction ◽

Eddy Covariance Method ◽

De Novo Biosynthesis ◽

Monoterpene Biosynthesis ◽

Monthly Changes ◽

Scots Pine Forest ◽

Storage Pools

Abstract. Monoterpene emissions from Scots pine have traditionally been assumed to originate as evaporation from specialized storage pools. More recently, the significance of de novo emissions, originating directly from monoterpene biosynthesis, has been recognized. To study the role of biosynthesis at the ecosystem scale, we measured monoterpene emissions from a Scots pine dominated forest in southern Finland using the disjunct eddy covariance method combined with proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. The interpretation of the measurements was based on a correlation analysis and a hybrid emission algorithm describing both de novo and pool emissions. During the measurement period May–August 2007, the monthly medians of daytime emissions were 200, 290, 180, and 200 μg m−2 h−1. The emissions were partly light dependent, probably due to de novo biosynthesis. The emission potential for both de novo and pool emissions exhibited a decreasing summertime trend. The ratio of the de novo emission potential to the total emission potential varied between 30 % and 46 %. Although the monthly changes were not significant, the ratio always differed statistically from zero, suggesting that the role of de novo biosynthesis was observable. Given the uncertainties in this study, we conclude that more accurate estimates of the contribution of de novo emissions are required for improving monoterpene emission algorithms for Scots pine dominated forests.

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The Slope Dynamic of Cilacap Backshore During Transition Season

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184705001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 05001

Author(s):

Florencius EkoDwi Haryono ◽

Lazuardy Nalendra ◽

Mukti Trenggono ◽

Amron Amron ◽

Hartoyo

Keyword(s):

Ocean Wave ◽

Coastal Vegetation ◽

Wind Pattern ◽

Transition Season ◽

Monthly Changes ◽

Center Site ◽

Dry And Rainy Seasons

Indonesia as one oftropical and archipelago countriesis daily illuminated by the sunlight.The integration of sunlight and earth pseudo-movement cause a dry and rainy seasons. The transition from one to another seasonoccur twice a year, which isMarch-May (first transition season) and September-November (second transition season). This research aim was to analyze the foreshore slope dynamic atCilacapcoast during the transitionseason. Data of slope dynamic were collected bi-weekly from March to May 2017 at 16 sites, where the distance of each site was 2 miles.The angle of slope was measured perpendicular to the shoreline using Theodolite,i.e. at the boundary of coastal vegetation, center site and foreshore waterline at low tide. The backshoreslope at four sites were increase at the second month and at the end of the transition seasonwas decline. The changes of foreshore slope at other siteswere decrease. The monthly dynamic of foreshore slope in the transitionseason underwent a narrow of change and different condition.The highest and lowest slope of the coast occurred on April (8%) and May (5.2%) consecutively. The transition season wasmostly influenced by the changes of wind pattern thatwouldaffect the ocean wave and the impacttobackshore slope was vary.The backshore slope changes were shown that more slopingat the end of the season. The transition season had an impact onbackshore slope and statistically, the monthly changes of coast slope weresignificant difference [p (0.05)].

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