scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cross-reactive autoantibodies against angiotensin II

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla S Briquez ◽  
Sherin J Rouhani ◽  
Jovian Yu ◽  
Athalia R Pyzer ◽  
Jonathan Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Epitope Mimicry ◽  
Entry Receptor

Patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- 2) can experience life-threatening respiratory distress, blood pressure dysregulation and thrombosis. This is thought to be associated with an impaired activity of angiotensin- converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), which is the main entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and which also tightly regulates blood pressure by converting the vasoconstrictive peptide angiotensin II (AngII) to a vasopressor peptide. Here, we show that a significant proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients developed autoantibodies against AngII, whose presence correlates with lower blood oxygenation, blood pressure dysregulation, and overall higher disease severity. Anti-AngII antibodies can develop upon specific immune reaction to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins Spike or RBD, to which they can cross- bind, suggesting some epitope mimicry between AngII and Spike/RBD. These results provide important insights on how an immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2 can impair blood pressure regulation.

scholarly journals Deletion of proton-sensing receptor GPR4 associates with lower blood pressure and lower binding of angiotensin II receptor in SFO

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. F1260-F1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuming Sun ◽  
Ellen Tommasi ◽  
Doris Molina ◽  
Renu Sah ◽  
K. Bridget Brosnihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Lower Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
The Impact

Diets rich in grains and meat and low in fruits and vegetables (acid-producing diets) associate with incident hypertension, whereas vegetarian diets associate with lower blood pressure (BP). However, the pathways that sense and mediate the effects of acid-producing diets on BP are unknown. Here, we examined the impact of the deletion of an acid sensor GPR4 on BP. GPR4 is a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor and an acid sensor in brain, kidney, and blood vessels. We found that GPR4 mRNA was higher in subfornical organ (SFO) than other brain regions. GPR4 protein was abundant in SFO and present in capillaries throughout the brain. Since SFO partakes in BP regulation through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), we measured BP in GPR4−/− and GPR4+/+ mice and found that GPR4 deletion associated with lower systolic BP: 87 ± 1 mmHg in GPR4−/− ( n = 35) vs. 99 ± 2 mmHg ( n = 29) in GPR4+/+; P < 0.0001, irrespective of age and sex. Angiotensin II receptors detected by 125I-Sarthran binding were lower in GPR4−/− than GPR4+/+ mice in SFO and in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. Circulating angiotensin peptides were comparable in GPR4−/− and GPR4+/+ mice, as were water intake and excretion, serum and urine osmolality, and fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, or chloride. A mild metabolic acidosis present in GPR4−/− mice did not associate with elevated BP, implying that deficiency of GPR4 may preclude the effect of chronic acidosis on BP. Collectively, these results posit the acid sensor GPR4 as a novel component of central BP control through interactions with the RAS.

Abstract P231: Offspring of Captopril Treated Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Have Lower Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression Which is Associated With Lower Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J X Masjoan-Juncos ◽  
Tang-Dong Liao ◽  
Ginette Bordcoch ◽  
Cesar A Romero ◽  
Oscar A Carretero
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
The Brain

It has been reported that SHR rats receiving angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor Captopril decrease blood pressure (BP) in at least two generation after the treatment was stopped. A decreased response to an intracerebroventricular infusion angiotensin I and angiotensin II in treated animals and their offspring was reported; however there is no reported mechanism that explains the changes observed in the untreated offspring of the Captopril treated animals. We hypothesize that captopril reduces angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression in CNS of the offspring of SHR rats treated with captopril. Animal groups are as follows: control animals, captopril treated animals, offspring of the control animals, offspring of the treated animals where the mother was removed from the treatment immediately after giving birth and Offspring of treated animals where the mother was removed from the treatment at weaning. BP was measured by intra-arterial method and Tail cuff. AT1R expression was measured in brain tissue using the posterior wall of the forth ventricle, as well as the top half of the brain stem. BP was different between treated groups and their offspring vs. control (Table 1). AT1R expression was significantly reduced in both offspring groups of the treated animals, when compared to control (Table 1). Therefore we conclude that captopril reduces blood pressure in the offspring of captopril treated SHR rats and that associates with a decrease in AT1R expression in CNS. Further research is necessary to determine the possible epigenetic mechanisms involved in AT1R reduction.

Basic research, snake venoms, and ACE inhibitors: Ondetti, Cushman, and Patchett

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Eugene H. Cordes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Blood Pressure ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Academic Laboratory

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are highly important drugs for control of blood pressure, chronic heart failure, and kidney protection. The discovery of ACE inhibitors derived from several basic research sources. The peptide angiotensin-II was demonstrated to contract the smooth muscle layer lining the vasculature and to cause retention of water in the body. Both conditions tend to raise blood pressure. It follows that an inhibitor of the enzyme that promotes the synthesis of angiotensin-II, ACE, would relax the vasculature, decrease water retention, and lower blood pressure. The questions were to confirm this hypothesis and discover ACE inhibitors. The chemistry of snake venoms helped with both. A peptide isolated from a venomous snake proved to be an ACE inhibitor and, while not suitable to be a drug, lowered blood pressure in clinical trials, confirming the hypothesis. In addition, the structure of the venom peptide provided an important clue to the structure of ACE inhibitors. The final key was provided by the discovery of a novel inhibitor design concept in an academic laboratory. Pulling this information together led to the discovery of the following ACE inhibitors suitable for clinical use: Capoten, Vasotec, Zestril, and others.

scholarly journals Serum ACE-2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels are unchanged in patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rieder ◽  
Luisa Wirth ◽  
Luisa Pollmeier ◽  
Maren Jeserich ◽  
Isabella Goller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19 is controversially discussed. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may affect susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcome of patients with COVID-19. Methods In this prospective single-center study, we determined the serum levels of ACE-2, angiotensin II and aldosterone in patients with COVID-19 compared to control patients presenting with similar symptoms in the emergency unit. Results We analyzed serum samples from 24 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 61 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients. SARS-CoV-2 positive and control patients did not differ in baseline patients characteristics, symptoms and clinical presentation. Mean serum concentrations of ACE2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone did not differ between the SARS-CoV-2 positive and the control group. In line with this, serum potassium as surrogate parameter for RAAS activity and blood pressure were similar in both groups. Conclusions In summary, we did not find evidence for altered RAAS activity including angiotensin II, aldosterone, or potassium levels, and blood pressure in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Hydralazine Reverses Stress-Induced Elevations in Blood Pressure, Angiotensin II, Testosterone, and Coronary Pathology in a Social Colony Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changying Li ◽  
Ron Salisbury ◽  
Daniel Ely
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Important Drug

Background. The vasodilator hydralazine (HYZ) has been used successfully to lower blood pressure (BP) in hypertension. Recently proposed novel mechanisms suggest it may be an important drug in reducing cardiovascular pathology. Methods. The hypothesis was that social stress would increase BP and endocrine factors that lead to increased coronary artery collagen deposition, and that HYZ treatment would reverse these changes. SHR males were compared: controls, colony stress and colony stress with HYZ treatment. Results. BP was significantly elevated in the stress group compared to controls and HYZ reduced the BP compared to controls. Plasma Ang II and T were significantly increased by colony stress compared to controls and HYZ restored both to control values. Collagen deposition in the coronary artery was increased in the colony stress group compared to controls but HYZ treatment restored the collagen to that of control values. Conclusions. HYZ reduced not only BP, but also reduced coronary adventitial collagen. The mechanism of the BP effect is most likely through vasodilation and the collagen reduction may be due to both a direct action of HYZ on collagen synthetic enzymes and indirectly through an effect of testosterone and angiotensin II.

Simvastatin, Pravastatin May Also Lower Blood Pressure

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
MITCHEL L. ZOLER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Blood

Pressor and subpressor doses of angiotensin II increase insulin sensitivity in NIDDM. Dissociation of metabolic and blood pressure effects

Diabetes ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1445-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Morris ◽  
J. R. Petrie ◽  
S. Ueda ◽  
J. M. Connell ◽  
H. L. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Increase Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Pressure Effects
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