scholarly journals Serum ACE-2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels are unchanged in patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rieder ◽  
Luisa Wirth ◽  
Luisa Pollmeier ◽  
Maren Jeserich ◽  
Isabella Goller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19 is controversially discussed. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may affect susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcome of patients with COVID-19. Methods In this prospective single-center study, we determined the serum levels of ACE-2, angiotensin II and aldosterone in patients with COVID-19 compared to control patients presenting with similar symptoms in the emergency unit. Results We analyzed serum samples from 24 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 61 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients. SARS-CoV-2 positive and control patients did not differ in baseline patients characteristics, symptoms and clinical presentation. Mean serum concentrations of ACE2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone did not differ between the SARS-CoV-2 positive and the control group. In line with this, serum potassium as surrogate parameter for RAAS activity and blood pressure were similar in both groups. Conclusions In summary, we did not find evidence for altered RAAS activity including angiotensin II, aldosterone, or potassium levels, and blood pressure in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Antagonism in 2019 Novel Coronavirus Acute Lung Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ventura ◽  
Amy L Carr ◽  
R Duane Davis ◽  
Scott Silvestry ◽  
Linda Bogar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Raas Inhibitors ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract It has been established SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane-bound regulatory peptide, for host cell entry. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors have been reported to increase ACE2 in type 2 pneumocytes pulmonary tissue. Controversy exists for the continuation of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in the current pandemic. ACE2 serves as regulatory enzyme in maintaining homeostasis between proinflammatory Angiotensin II and anti-inflammatory Angiotensin 1,7 peptides. Derangements in these peptides are associated with cardiovascular disease and are implicated in the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Augmentation of the ACE2/Ang1,7 axis represent a critical target in the supportive management of COVID-19 associated lung disease. Observational data describing the use of RAAS inhibitors in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 have not borne signals of harm to date. However, equipoise persists requiring an analysis of novel agents including recombinant human-ACE2 and existing RAAS inhibitors while balancing ongoing controversies associated with increased coronavirus infectivity and virulence.

scholarly journals Aliskiren, Fosinopril, and Their Outcome on Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in Rats with Thyroid Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Susan A. S. Farhadi ◽  
Kawa F. Dizaye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Renin Level ◽  
Excretion Rates

Background and Objectives. Thyroid hormones have an important role in the growth and development of various tissues including the kidney, which is the major site of renin release and the consequent angiotensin and aldosterone formation. Therefore any derangement in thyroid function can result in abnormal functioning in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The current study was undertaken to find the impact of using a direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (Fosinopril) on the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in rats with thyroid dysfunctions. Method. Forty-two male albino rats were divided into three subgroups. First group (6 rats) served as control. Second group (18 rats) served as hyperthyroid group (6 rats positive control, 6 rats given Aliskiren, and 6 rats given Fosinopril). Third group (18 rats) served as hypothyroid group (6 rats positive control, 6 rats given Aliskiren, and 6 rats given Fosinopril). Induction of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was done through daily oral administration of L-Thyroxine and Propylthiouracil, respectively. On day 40 of the study, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for estimation of renin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, aldosterone, TSH, T3, and T4. The collected blood samples were also used for estimation of levels blood urea, serum creatinine, liver enzymes, and serum electrolytes. Blood pressure and urine collection were done on days 1 and 40. The collected urine was used for estimation of urine flow, sodium excretion, and potassium excretion rates. Results. In hypothyroid induced rats, serum renin level dropped as expected, while the use of Aliskiren and Fosinopril on these hypothyroid rats raised renin level due to the feedback mechanism. Both angiotensin I and II were significantly (P <0.05) lower than normal levels in the hypothyroid rats, unlike the level of aldosterone, which was higher than normal level. There was nonsignificant lowering in BP (systolic, diastolic, and mean BP) in the hypothyroid rats. Treatment of these rats with Aliskiren and Fosinopril did not lower the blood pressure more than normal when compared to the hypothyroid group. The hypothyroid rats also showed a decrease in level of serum creatinine. In hyperthyroid rats, there was a rise in levels of serum renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone; nevertheless, the increase in angiotensin I level was significant. The use of Aliskiren and Fosinopril increased the level of renin nonsignificantly (decreased angiotensin I significantly). Hyperthyroid rats showed a significant increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure. Both Aliskiren and Fosinopril increased urine flow, Na+   excretion, and K+ excretion rates. Aliskiren was better at reducing the high blood pressure. Conclusion. Aliskiren and Fosinopril in hyperthyroid rats decreased serum angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. Blockade of renin and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme both resulted in a rebound increase in level of renin in hypothyroid rats. Aliskiren is better at controlling blood pressure in hyperthyroid rats. Urine flow, sodium excretion, and potassium excretion rates were improved by the use of Aliskiren and Fosinopril in hyperthyroid rats.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF BLOCKADE OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM WITH COMBINATIONS OF ALISKIREN AND AMLODIPINE, RAMIPRIL AND AMLODIPINE IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

2017 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
E. Krutikov ◽  
S. Chistyakova ◽  
V. Gorbatuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Group I

Hypertension is one of the most common disease of the cardiovascular system. Important components of a rational antihypertensive therapy are drugs that block the RAAS. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with drug combinations – aliskiren and amlodipine and combination of ramipril and amlodipine in patients with hypertension and increased body weight. 50 patients with hypertension of stage II, II degree, high and very high risk were involved in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups depending on the received treatment. The first group (25 patients) consisted of patients treated with combined therapy including ramipril and amlodipine, the second group (25 patients) consisted of patients receiving a combination of aliskiren and amlodipine. The control group (25 people) included apparently healthy people. By the 12th week of the study the daily average systolic blood pressure in the first group was 146 (145; 150) mm Hg and 131 (130; 137) mm Hg in the second group, respectively, the daily average diastolic blood pressure was equal to 94 (91; 96) mm Hg in the first group and 81 (80; 82) mm Hg in the second group . By the 12th week of treatment plasma renin levels in the first group was equal to 73 (50; 78) and 15 (14; 27) in the second group, respectively, the level of angiotensin-I in the first group was 6 (4; 7) and 1,4 (1,1; 1,9) in the second group, aldosterone levels in the first group was equal to 134 (132; 145) and 130 (123; 132) in the second group, respectively. It is found that combination of aliskiren and amlodipine have the advantage over the combination of ramipril and amlodipine in achieving of purposeful level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension and overweight. The purposeful level of blood pressure reached to 56,6% of patients in group I and 80% of patients in group II to 12th week of the study. Receiving both combinations equally reduces plasma aldosterone levels at the same time receiving a combination of aliskiren and amlodipine accompanied by a decrease in plasma rennin level of 69% and angiotensin-I of 67%, while the combination of ramipril and amlodipine increases of these hormones on 68% and 65% respectively. Thus, using combination of ramipril and amlodipine more effective in patients with low rennin hypertension , patients with normal and high rennin hypertension necessary combination of aliskiren and amlodipine.

Response of Blood Pressure and the Renin—Angiotensin—Aldosterone System to Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Hypertensive End-Stage Renal Failure

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 207s-209s ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. Glasson ◽  
H. Favre ◽  
M. B. Vallotton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1. Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis allows good control of blood pressure in patients with hypertensive end-stage renal disease. The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has therefore been studied in seven patients during the first 6 months of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment. 2. Steady increases in plasma renin activity and aldosterone were observed with a good correlation between these two variables. Plasma electrolytes, renin substrate and body weight did not change significantly. 3. Angiotensin II perfusion tests, performed at the end of the study, showed a relative vascular resistance to angiotensin II. 4. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be partially explained by this last observation or by removal of an unknown vasopressor substance responsible for the inhibition of the plasma renin activity.

scholarly journals Distinct Regulation of U-ACE2 and P-ACE2 (Urinary and Plasma Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) in a Japanese General Population

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Furuhashi ◽  
Akiko Sakai ◽  
Marenao Tanaka ◽  
Yukimura Higashiura ◽  
Kazuma Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
General Population ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Japanese General Population

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in coronavirus disease 2019 invades the host through ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) 2 as the host cellular receptor for a viral spike protein. ACE2 converts angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1–7) and cleaved ACE2 is detectable in urine and plasma. However, regulation of U-ACE2 (urinary ACE2) and P-ACE2 (plasma ACE2) and their alterations by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors remain unclear. We simultaneously investigated U-ACE2 and P-ACE2 in 605 Japanese participants (male/female: 280/325, mean age: 65±15 years) in the Tanno-Sobetsu cohort study in 2017. Males had significantly lower U-ACE2 and higher P-ACE2 than did females. There was no significant correlation between U-ACE2 and P-ACE2. P-ACE2 was significantly lower in subjects treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors than in those not treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, but there was no significant difference in U-ACE2 between the groups. Multivariable regression analyses showed that female sex, high levels of systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and low uric acid level were independent predictors of high U-ACE2 level and that high levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and uric acid were independent predictors of high P-ACE2 level. In conclusion, U-ACE2 and P-ACE2 are distinctly regulated and the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors is not an independent predictor of their levels in a Japanese general population. U-ACE2 is associated with high blood pressure, high glucose level, and microalbuminuria, and low urate level, whereas P-ACE2 is associated with liver dysfunction, high glomerular filtration rate, and high urate level.

NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES LEVEL AND THE STATUS OF THE RENIN – ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. M. Mambetova ◽  
A. M. Inarokova ◽  
N. N. Shabalova ◽  
D. V. Bizheva ◽  
A. T. Mahiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Natriuretic Hormone ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sick Children

THE AIM. To determine the concentration of natriuretic peptide in the blood serum in children with congenital malformations of the urinary system (CM US) and to compare with the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).MATERIALS AND METHODS.119 patients with CM US aged 3 to 18 years were examined. A control group of 10 clinically healthy children. 3 groups were assigned: group I – 55 children with  congenital vesicoureteral reflux, and group II – 34 children with  congenital hydronephrosis and ureterohydronephrosis, III group – 30 children with other forms of dysembryogenesis of the US. Following indicators were identified by ELISA in the blood: renin, aldosterone,  N – terminal propeptide natriuretic hormone (NT-рroВNР). RESULTS.NT-рroВNР, renin and aldosterone hyperproduction were diagnosed in 59,6%, 69,7%, 54.6 % of sick children relatively. Concentrations were higher in all variants of  malformations in comparison with the control group. Significant  differences were revealed in obstructive species, where arterial  hypertension (AH) was diagnosed more often. Patients with AH  recorded significantly higher concentrations of NT-proВNР and renin.CONCLUSION.The key point in pathological processes developmentand progression in the cardiovascular system and kidneys is the  activation of RAAS. The system of natriuretic factors is important in maintaining the compensated state of patients due to the blockade of RAAS.

Effect of Dietary Education on Cardiovascular risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Taheri ◽  
Shahram Molavynejad ◽  
Parvin Abedi ◽  
Elham Rajaei ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Education

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary education on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 112 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned into two groups, intervention and control. Dietary education was provided for the intervention group in 4 sessions; anthropometric measurements, serum levels of RF, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and fasting blood sugar were measured before and three months after intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests. Results: The mean of total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.004), LDL (p <0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), FBS and BMI (p <0.001) were decreased significantly in the intervention group after education compared the control group. Conclusion: Traditional care for rheumatoid arthritis patients is not enough. Patients need more education in order to improve their situation.

Feedback based on health advice via tracing bracelet and smartphone in the management of Blood Pressure among hypertensive patients: A Community-based RCT Trial in Chongqing, China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yang Tao ◽  
Yun Zhong ◽  
Jacqueline Thompson ◽  
Jamal Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Group A ◽  
And Control ◽  
Study Intervention

UNSTRUCTURED Lifestyle interventions have been recognised as a line treatment of non-communicable diseases. The aimed of this study was to evaluate a bespoke mHealth approach to delivers personalised feedback to improve blood pressure and weight for hypertensive patients in community settings. A total of 307 participants, 50 from each community, were expected to be in the intervention or control group. A professional health facilitator was assigned for each of the 6 communities. The primary outcomes of the study are the reduction in blood pressure and weight at baseline and post-intervention. Of 307 recruited,192 (62.5%) participants completed the study (intervention: 104 and control: 88). There was no difference in attrition rates between the two groups (33.5%vs41.9%, p=0.291). After 6-months of intensive feedback intervention through mHealth approach, patients had better blood pressure, weight, and BMI compared with control. People who were adherent to the intervention demonstrated a clinical benefit with regards to weight and blood pressure.

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