scholarly journals An extended amygdala-midbrain circuit controlling cocaine withdrawal-induced anxiety and reinstatement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilian Tian ◽  
May Hui ◽  
Desiree Macchia ◽  
Pieter Derdeyn ◽  
Alexandra Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Cocaine Administration ◽  
Anxiety States ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine ◽  
Development Of Anxiety

While midbrain dopamine (DA) neuronal circuits are central to motivated behaviors, much remains unknown about our knowledge of how these circuits are modified over time by experience to facilitate selective aspects of experience-dependent plasticity. Most studies of the DA system in drug addiction focus on the role of the mesolimbic DA pathway from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in facilitating drug-associated reward. In contrast, less is known about how midbrain DA cells and associated circuits contribute to negative affective states including anxiety that emerge during protracted withdrawal from drug administration. Here, we demonstrate the selective role of a midbrain DA projection to the amygdala (VTADA-Amygdala) for anxiety that develops during protracted withdrawal from cocaine administration but does not participate in cocaine reward or sensitization. Our rabies virus-mediated circuit mapping approach revealed a persistent elevation in spontaneous and task-related activity of GABAergic cells from the bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST) and downstream VTADA-Amygdala cells that could be detected even after a single cocaine exposure. Activity in BNSTGABA cells was related to cocaine-induced anxiety but not reward or sensitization, and silencing the projection from these cells to the midbrain was sufficient to prevent the development of anxiety during protracted withdrawal following cocaine administration. We observed that VTADA-Amygdala cells, but not other midbrain DA cells, were strongly activated after a challenge exposure to cocaine, and found that activity in these cells was necessary for the expression of reinstatement of cocaine place preference. Lastly, the importance of activity in VTADA-Amygdala cells extends beyond cocaine, as these cells mediate the development of anxiety states triggered by morphine and a predator odor. Our results provide an exemplar for how to identify key circuit substrates that contribute to behavioral adaptations and reveal a critical role for BNSTGABA-VTADA-Amygdala pathway in anxiety states induced by drugs of abuse or natural experiences as well as cocaine-primed reinstatement of conditioned place preference.

Liver mitochondria derangement after acute cocaine administration to rats: Critical role of GSH

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
T. Trenti ◽  
E. Stornieri ◽  
D. Gaiiesi ◽  
F. Giovannini ◽  
D. Ceccarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Cocaine Administration

Comparative Evaluation of A Partial Dopamine Agonist with A Preferential D2 and D3 Receptor Antagonist on Ethanol Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akmal Yazdani ◽  
Muhammad Jamir Anwar ◽  
Bushra Parveen ◽  
Divya Vohora
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
D3 Receptor ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Abused Drugs

Background: The role of dopamine receptor sub-families in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse has been established in numerous studies. </P><P> Objectives: In view of the extensive role of mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission in rewarding and reinforcing effect of abused drugs including ethanol, the present study evaluated three mechanistically different drugs viz a partial dopaminergic agonist (PDA, aripiprazole), preferential D3 (mixed D2/D3) receptor antagonist (nafadotride), and a preferential D2 antagonist (haloperidol), on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. </P><P> Method: The study was carried out in Swiss strain albino mice. Ethanol (20%, 2g/kg) was used to induce CPP in mice. After the acquisition of CPP, behavioral tests (elevated plus maze and locomotor activity) were conducted and effect of drugs on expression and on reinstatement (after extinction) was studied. Results: We found that aripiprazole (1 and 2 mg/kg but not 0.5mg/kg), haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg), and nafadotride (4.5 mg/kg) administered for 1 week during the conditioning phase prevented acquisition, expression and reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP. All the three drugs reduced the ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and produced antianxiety effects in elevated plus maze following the acquisition of ethanol CPP. Conclusion: Partial dopaminergic agonism by aripiprazole was found to be a better strategy for normalizing dopaminergic neurotransmission in alcoholics as seen in rodents.

Addiction (Oxford Psychiatry Library)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Nutt ◽  
Liam J. Nestor
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
The Brain

Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, this resource is a clear and comprehensive overview of the brain science underpinning addiction that helps explain the current and future therapeutics for the range of addictions, using full colour images to enhance understanding. It focuses on the nature of addiction as a brain disorder that includes a range of different behavioural traits such as impulsivity and reward dependence, and discusses the critical role of kinetic and pharmacological factors. The also explains how the primary pharmacological targets of drugs of abuse are now understood, the relation to the variable nature of addiction to different substances, and how this may lead to new approaches to treatment.

scholarly journals What links to psychological needs satisfaction and excessive WeChat use? The mediating role of anxiety, depression and WeChat use intensity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiufeng Gao ◽  
Yanzhen Li ◽  
Ziwei Zhu ◽  
En Fu ◽  
Xiangyu Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Needs Satisfaction ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Excessive online social network sites (SNSs) use, such as Facebook or WeChat overuse, has become a severe problem and have caused negative consequences. It is especially important to examine what causes excessive WeChat use in the Chinese population. This study explored the critical role of affective states and WeChat use intensity in the relationship between psychological needs satisfaction and excessive WeChat use based on the self-determination theory and the emotional motivation theory. Methods 952 Chinese college students aged 18 to 25 completed an online survey that measured psychological needs satisfaction, depression, anxiety, WeChat use intensity, and excessive WeChat use. Results Path analysis demonstrated that anxiety, depression, and WeChat use intensity mediated the effect of psychological needs satisfaction on excessive WeChat use. More importantly, the chain mediation model indicated that psychological needs satisfaction could influence excessive WeChat use through the “anxiety—WeChat use intensity” path, but not the “depression—WeChat use intensity” path. Conclusion The current study could not only contribute to theoretical development, but also guide mental health practice by showing that improving psychological needs satisfaction may restrain excessive WeChat use through regulating affective states and Wechat use intensity.

Ketamine and rapidly acting antidepressants: Breaking the speed of sound or light?

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Berk ◽  
Collen Loo ◽  
Christopher G Davey ◽  
Brian H Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Psychotropic Agents ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Psychotropic Effects

There is an urgent need for rapidly acting antidepressants. Current therapies share a delayed onset of action, contrasting with drugs of abuse that have rapid psychotropic effects but cause tolerance and dependence. A key uncertainty is whether there is a finite speed limit imposed by the critical role of homeostatic adaptive mechanisms that underpin the efficacy and onset of available psychotropic agents and whether this is mutable with emerging agents with potential rapid onset, in particular ketamine.

The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Philofsky
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

A critical role of iNOS-derived Nitric Oxide (NO) and progesterone in implantation

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115A-115A
Author(s):  
K CHWALISZ ◽  
E WINTERHAGER ◽  
T THIENEL ◽  
R GARFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Critical Role

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

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