scholarly journals Competitive asymmetry confers polyploid advantage under environmental stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Guo ◽  
Na Wei ◽  
Guang-You Hao ◽  
Shi-Jian Yang ◽  
Zhi-Yong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
High Water ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Competitive Effects

Competitive asymmetry across heterogeneous environments is crucial for the success of polyploid plants, however, little is known about it. As the major force in plant evolution, polyploids are predicted to maintain the competitive dominance relative to diploids under increased stress conditions. To evaluate the hypothesis of competitive asymmetry, we competed tetraploid and diploid plants of perennial herbaceous Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Asteraceae) at different relative frequencies under low and high water stress. We quantified the interaction intensity between competing plants of the same (intraploidy) and different ploidy levels (interploidy), and measured functional traits related to gas exchange and plant water use to understand the underlying mechanisms. Stronger competitive effects of the tetraploid on diploid provided evidence for the competitive asymmetry between polyploid and diploid plants in C. indicum. Such competitive asymmetry was not only maintained under drought (increased water stress), but also translated into higher fitness of the tetraploid consistently across water stress conditions. Functional traits associated with fast growth and efficient water use likely explained the competitive dominance of the tetraploid. These results will advance our understanding of species interactions between polyploid and diploid plants, and provide insights into population dynamics and species distribution under environmental change.

scholarly journals Yield, Mineral Composition, Water Relations, and Water Use Efficiency of Grafted Mini-watermelon Plants Under Deficit Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
Elvira Rea
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

Limited water supply in the Mediterranean region is a major problem in irrigated agriculture. Grafting may enhance drought resistance, plant water use efficiency, and plant growth. An experiment was conducted in two consecutive growing seasons to determine yield, plant growth, fruit quality, leaf gas exchange, water relations, macroelements content in fruits and leaves, and water use efficiency of mini-watermelon plants [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai cv. Ingrid], either ungrafted or grafted onto the commercial rootstock ‘PS 1313’ (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), under open field conditions. Irrigation treatments were 1.0, 0.75, and 0.5 evapotranspiration rates. In both years (2006 and 2007), marketable yield decreased linearly in response to an increase in water stress. When averaged over year and irrigation rate, the total and marketable yields were higher by 115% and 61% in grafted than in ungrafted plants, respectively. The fruit quality parameters of grafted mini-watermelons such as fruit dry matter and total soluble solids content were similar in comparison with those of ungrafted plants, whereas titratable acidity, K, and Mg concentrations improved significantly. In both grafting combinations, yield water use efficiency (WUEy) increased under water stress conditions with higher WUE values recorded in grafted than ungrafted plants. The concentration of N, K, and Mg in leaves was higher by 7.4%, 25.6%, and 38.8%, respectively, in grafted than in ungrafted plants. The net assimilation of CO2, stomatal conductance, relative water content, leaf, and osmotic potential decreased under water stress conditions. The sensitivity to water stress was similar between grafted and ungrafted plants, and the higher marketable yield from grafted plants was mainly the result of an improvement in nutritional status and higher CO2 assimilation and water uptake from the soil.

Identification of Peanut Genotypes with High Water Use Efficiency under Drought Stress Conditions from Peanut Germplasm of Diverse Origins

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jongrungkl ◽  
B. Toomsan ◽  
N. Vorasoot ◽  
S. Jogloy ◽  
T. Kesmala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Water ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Leaf Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Response To Substrate Water Content: Linking Leaf Gas Exchange Regulation with Leaf Abscisic Acid Concentration

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Bauerle ◽  
William W. Inman ◽  
Jerry B. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Flow Measurements

Quantitative differences in leaf abscisic acid (ABAL) among four cultivars of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and one freeman maple (Acer ×freemanii E. Murray) cultivar were investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that ABAL concentration can be used to compare the effects of water stress on the gas exchange response of five different maple genotypes, including four red maple cultivars [`Summer Red', `October Glory', `Autumn Flame', and `Franksred' ('Red Sunset')] and one hybridized freeman maple cultivar ['Jeffersred' ('Autumn Blaze')]. Two-year-old cloned genotypes of red maple and freeman maple were subjected to two treatments: irrigated daily to container capacity or irrigation withheld for one drought and recovery cycle. Leaf abscisic acid concentration, gas exchange, and wholetree sap flow measurements were conducted under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Over the course of the drought stress and recovery phase, net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) declined as ABAL and instantaneous water use efficiency (A/gs) increased. Until severe water stress conditions were prominent, water use was higher in `Summer Red' as compared to `October Glory'. This study found that ABAL tracked gs and that stomatal responsiveness to substrate moisture deficit is likely mediated by ABA accumulation in leaf tissue. This research demonstrates a leaf level physiological response to substrate volumetric water content that appears to depend on ABAL concentration. In addition, the evidence in this study indicates that ABAL may be used as a potential surrogate for the gs response to substrate water stress and could become part of a cultivar drought tolerance selection strategy for red maple and freeman maple.

scholarly journals Influence of Edaphic Salinity on Leaf Morphoanatomical Functional Traits on Juvenile and Adult Trees of Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle): Implications with Relation to Climate Change

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Alejandra Robles Sánchez ◽  
José Ernesto Mancera Pineda ◽  
Xavier Marquínez Casas ◽  
Jairo Humberto Medina Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
High Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Conductivity Water

Rhizophora mangle L. is one of the most distributed species of neotropical mangroves. The species exhibits great phenological variability that is associated with saline concentrations of the sediment where it grows. Among the organs that are most affected by interstitial and tidal water salinity concentrations are the leaves. Since the hypersalinity generates water deficiency, it changes photosynthetic and hydraulic processes of the plant. To understand the relationship between the variation in leaf blade parameters and the water stress generated by salinity in two growth stages, morphoanatomical functional traits were quantified in leaves of juveniles and adults of R. mangle in three structurally different mangrove forests with different ranges of natural salinity (Oligohaline: 5.8–11.7 practical salinity units (PSU); Euhaline: 9.2–35.6 PSU and 23.9–47.7 PSU). We hypothesized that water stress caused by salinity generates modification in conductivity, water-storage, and photosynthetic tissues. Our results showed a greater number of morphoanatomical traits affected by salinity in juveniles compared to adults, greater variability in the traits associated with water accumulation and transport. Adults and juveniles subjected to higher values of salinity had traits more tolerant of variability in this factor, allowing superior adaptation to environments with high water deficit than individuals originating in oligohaline environments. This difference in adaptability to salinity between populations of R. mangle may imply different responses to climate change, where populations of oligohaline origin will be more susceptible to hypersalinization resulting from this phenomenon, while populations of euhaline origin could more effectively tolerate the aquatic stresses caused, allowing a prolongation of their permanence and the provision of their ecosystem services over time.

scholarly journals WATER STRESS ON DIFFERENT GROWING STAGES FOR QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa willd) AND ITS INFLEUNCE ON WATER REQUIRIMENTS AND YIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-966
Author(s):  
Salim & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Treatments

A factorial experiment was conducted within split-split plot design with three replicates. Four genotypes seeds (Regalona, Q-37, KVL-SR2, and Q21) were planted in the sub plots while six water treatments distributed in the main plots. They were ordinary river irrigation (S0), stress at emergence (S1), branching (S2), at ear formation (S3), at flowering (S4), and at maturity (S5). Irrigation water was applied in the normal irrigation when 50-60% of the available water was depleted and one irrigation was omitted from the water stress treatments. Reference and actual evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, yield, crop coefficient, and water use efficiency were calculated. Mean irrigation requirement for the four genotypes based on irrigation scheduling was 230.8 mm, decreased by 14 and 17% under stress conditions of the drought tolerant stages. Grain yield ranged between 3.1 and 5 Mg ha-1 for water stress treatments compared to 5.6 and 4.2 mg. ha-1 for normal irrigation treatments. Genotype Q21 gave the highest yield and differed significantly from others. Field water use efficiency ranged between 1.6 to 1.1 kg m-3 and crop water use efficiency 1.38 to 2.22 kg m-3. KVL-SR2 and Q21 showed the highest efficiency (1.87 kg m-3). Results indicated that the stage of ear formation and flowering are the most tolerant to water stress. On the other hand, the branching, and maturity were critical stages with high reduction in yield under stress conditions.  

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