scholarly journals Genetic diversity assessment of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barka Peter MSHELMBULA ◽  
Geoffrey Obinna Anoliefo ◽  
Beckley Ikhajiagbe ◽  
Boniface Edegbai
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Neem is a tropical tree that can adapt to a wide range of places and particularly to semi- arid conditions. As at present, it is grown in many Asian countries and also in the tropical regions of the western hemisphere. Genetic variability and diversity are a major requirement needed for both immediate results and the one ones thereafter adaptation of plant types in their original domain. The evaluation of genetic diversity of any species is extremely crucial for their sustainability, continuity, survival and gene manipulation. Major breakthroughs in the field of molecular biology was able to develop several tools for the investigation of genetic diversity at the genome level to determine phylogenetic relationships among inter or intra-species. The advent of molecular markers for the detection and exploitation of DNA polymorphism is one of the major breakthroughs in the world of molecular genetics. The importance of genetic diversity in plant germplasm conservation, especially in economically important species such as Azadirachtaindica, is enormous, particularly in Nigeria. The question is whether A. indica from different Agro-ecological zones have genetic variations or similarities. This was the bane of the current study, which used RAPD to look atgenetic diversity of 27 randomly selected neem trees within the agro-ecological zones in Northern Nigeria. A total of 9 primers were employed out of which only 5 were responsive (OPA-02, OPA-03, OPA-15 and OPA-19). These primers showed dissimilarities in the visible DNA bands among the various tree samples. There was evidence of genetic dissimilarities among the trees sampled. Differences in percentage polymorphism was reported, where it was reportedly highest among the Borno State tree samples (97.44%), compared to those in Yobe State with no polymorphism.

scholarly journals Ethno-varieties and Distribution of jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Uganda: implications for trade, food security and germplasm conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Nakintu ◽  
Eunice Olet ◽  
Morgan Andama Andama ◽  
Julius Lejju
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Folk Knowledge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. is a fruit tree crop largely grown in tropical regions for its edible fruits. Though listed among underutilized crops, the demand for jackfruit in Uganda has increased. Amidst the increase in demand, the crop faces strong selective pressure and yet there is no documentation of the varieties and distribution of the crop in the country. This study therefore aimed at determining the varieties and distribution of jackfruit in Uganda using folk knowledge to provide a baseline for its production, booming market and conservation. A cross-sectional survey involving 349 participants comprising of 205 jackfruit traders and 144 jackfruit farmers from three political regions and three agro-ecological zones was conducted. Data were collected through face to face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and direct observations. Classification of jackfruit varieties, geographical location of the source of jackfruits for traders and the time of harvest of the fruit by the farmers were investigated. Occurrence of varieties per household was determined through on-farm visits. Data analysis techniques involved descriptive, chi-square and Cramer’s V measure of association analyses. Traders mainly obtained jackfruit from Central (46.0%)  and Eastern (37.6%) political regions, Lake Victoria Crescent and Mbale Farmlands (41.1%) and Southern and Eastern Lake Kyoga Basin (30.0%) agro-ecological zones. Jackfruit varieties were classified basing on fruit texture and pulp colour, revealing four ethno-varieties, soft (Serebera), firm yellow (Kanaanansi), firm red (Namusaayi) and firm white (Namata). Namata and Serebera registered the lowest occurrences political regions and agro-ecological zones. Farmers harvested jackfruit throughout the year with a peak season in December and January. Folk knowledge provided baseline information for jackfruit variety categorization. Selection pressure exerted on Serebera and Namata demands for germplasm conservation. Since jackfruit thrives in a wide range of climatic conditions, its cultivation should be encouraged to ensure food security and sustain the increasing demand.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Assessment of Acid Lime (Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle) Landraces of Eastern Nepal Using RAPD Markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN Munankarmi ◽  
RL Shrestha ◽  
N Rana ◽  
JKC Shrestha ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is an important commercial fruit crop, cultivated from terai to high hill landscapes of Nepal. However, production and productivity is very low due to various reasons including infestations by various diseases and pests, lack of diseases and pests resistant and high yielding varieties. In this context, determination of genetic variation at molecular level is fundamental to citrus breeders for the development of elite cultivars with desirable traits. In the present study, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker technique has been employed to assess genetic diversity in 60 acid lime landraces representing different agro-ecological zones of eastern Nepal. Nine selected arbitrary primers generated 79 RAPD fragments of which 75 were polymorphic (94.94%). Phenogram was constructed by NTSYSPC ver. 2.21i using UPGMA cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient to deduce overall genetic diversity and relationships of the acidlime genotypes under study. Sixty acid lime landraces formed seven clusters and similarity value ranged from 38% to 98% with an average of 72%. Genetic variation at different agro-ecological zones was assessed using Popgene ver. 1.32 and found 47% to 69.6% polymorphism. Shannon’s index and Nei’s gene diversity showed highest level of acid lime diversity in Terai zone (PPB, 69.62%; H, 0.213; I, 0.325) followed by mid-hill zone (PPB, 67.09%; H, 0.208; I, 0.317). The results obtained will be useful to citrus breeders for elite cultivar development. The RAPD-PCR technique is found to be the rapid and effective tool for genetic diversity assessment in acid lime landraces of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.10950  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 315-327  

Genetic Diversity of Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Species Attacking Amaranth and Nightshades in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Kenya and Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-421
Author(s):  
A.C. Kipnyargis ◽  
F.M. Khamis ◽  
E.U. Kenya ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
K.K.M. Fiaboe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

scholarly journals Agro-morphological traits-based genetic diversity assessment in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landrace collections from Bale highlands, Southeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fekadu Gadissa ◽  
Meskerem Abebe ◽  
Tesfaye Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Abstract Background Cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the world’s important cereal crops. Ethiopia is claimed to be the centre of origin due to its high phenotypic diversity and flavonoid patterns. It is widely cultivated on subsistence bases and important in supporting the livelihood of local poor. However, the local landraces are currently under threat of severing genetic erosion. Hence, assessing the extents of its genetic diversity is timely in improvement and conservation. Methodology 120 representative cultivated barley landraces have been collected from Bale highlands, Ethiopia, and tested at two locations using alpha lattice design. Data were collected on 21 agro-morphometric traits and analysed using MINITAB 19, SAS 9.4 and FigTree v1.4.3. Results Most morphotypes in each of the qualitative traits considered and mean performance values in most of the quantitative traits revealed wide range of variations suggesting existence of phenotypic diversity among the landraces. Analysis of variance also showed significant variations among the landraces. All the traits, except days to maturity and plant height showed a significant variation for location and treatment-location interactions revealing the high impact of environmental conditions on the variations. Estimates of the variance components also revealed a wider range of variations in most of the traits considered with eventual medium to low genotypic (GCV), phenotypic (PCV) and genotype–environment coefficients of variation (GECV). Estimates of heritability in broad sense (H2) is low (< 40%) in all the traits except in days to maturity. Grouping of the landraces showed poor geographic areas of collection-based pattern suggesting extensive gene flow among the areas. Conclusion The landraces evaluated in the present study showed high morphological diversity. However, the effect of environment factor is pronounced and thus, multiple locations and years with large number of samples must be considered to exploit the available genetic-based variations for breeding and conservation of the crop.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Vernonia [Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less] populations from Ethiopia revealed by SSR markers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemneh Mideksa Egu ◽  
Kifle Dagne ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Xuebo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Vernonia Galamensis ◽  
Diversity Assessment

Abstract BackgroundVernonia (Vernonia galamensis) is a potential novel industrial crop due to high demand for its natural epoxidised oil, which can be used for the manufacturing of oleochemicals such as paints, plastic formulations (polyvinyl chloride), and pharmaceutical products. This study is initiated for the systematic and intensive genetic diversity assessment of V. galamensis accessions by SSR molecular markers to minimize the existing research gaps, provide a clue for germplasm conservation and further research. ResultsTwenty SSR markers were used for genetic diversity analyses of 150 individual V. galamensis accessions representing 10 populations, from which a total of 79 bands were identified across the entire loci. All the loci used showed high polymorphism that ranged from 0.50 to 0.96, while the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.15 across all the 20 markers evaluated. The molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed significant variations despite low differentiation among populations which accounted for only 11% of the total variations. Populations clustering showed that the dendrogram and principal coordinate’s analysis roughly classified the 150 accessions into four groups. However, the Bayesian model-based clustering (STRUCTURE) grouped into 6 (K = 6) major gene pools. These analyses showed accessions collected from the same region of origin did not often grouped entirely together within a given major groups. ConclusionsThe result suggested that the markers applied to ten populations, in which East Showa and East Harerghe revealed higher genetic diversity, signaled that these areas are the hotspots for in-situ conservation of V. galamensis. In addition, the values of SSR markers such as heterozygosity, Shannon‘s index, polymorphic information content, and population clusters are important baseline information for future V. galamensis cultivation, breeding and genetic resource conservation endeavors in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus isolated from selected groundnut growing agro-ecological zones of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Acur ◽  
Renée S. Arias ◽  
Steven Odongo ◽  
Samuel Tuhaise ◽  
Joseph Ssekandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones
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