“A Sort of Public Living Room”: Ignorance and the Racial Management of Disorder in Postwar Los Angeles

Exploring sanitation in postwar Los Angeles, this article argues that as white voluntary groups formed task forces to clean up the city, they endangered Mexican and black Angelinos by endorsing solutions to urban welfare defined by antistatism and carceralism. I read these activities through the lens of white ignorance, whereby white Americans elaborated folk knowledge of successful urbanism on their own terrain and terms, which had no capacity to attend to other classes and races. I treat white ignorance not as a cognitive defect or proxy for innocence, but rather as a structural condition of postwar urban political economy.

Practice

Practicing is an activity that accounts for the highest levels of musical expertise, but one that many musicians do not typically—or at least consistently—carry out. Most people have done some kind of independent practicing (or academic studying or athletic training) in their lives and have likely heard platitudes such as “Practice makes perfect.” Such folk knowledge tends to suggest that quantity of practice is the most important factor. Unfortunately, popular handling of psychological research has largely reinforced this misconception. More careful consideration of the research, however, shows that although developing musicians certainly must make time for practice, the efficiency and deliberateness of time spent are also crucial. This chapter begins by defining “deliberate practice” as the type of practicing that optimally contributes to musical skill acquisition. Through consistent practice over time, skills that began as highly conscious and effortful progress to ultimately becoming fluently and automatically performed. Rather than striving to simply amass hours of practice time, musicians are encouraged to be more productive and efficient by strategically planning, executing, and reflecting on their practice.

Local Knowledge and “Other Anthropologies” [Lokal’noe znanie i “drugie antropologii”]

The article examines the problems of ethnographic description and representation of the culture of Others and analyzes the ontological limitations inherent in anthropology, which call into question the very possibility of obtaining objective knowledge about the studied cultures. The concept of “other anthropologies” is proposed, which implies the recognition of heuristically significant alternatives to the Eurocentric perspective in the descriptions and interpretations of cultures. Such an approach, which is based on the ideas of E. Viveiroz de Castro, raises the following questions: what can we, ethnographers, be taught in a theoretical and ideological sense by acquaintance with the cultures that are the subject of research? what is the contribution of different cultures to the production of new disciplinary concepts and theories? to what extent are we ready to recognize and include “folk” knowledge “on equal terms” in our scientific discourse?

Folk Knowledge in Southern Siberia in the 1770s: Johan Peter Falck’s Ethnobiological Observations

The southern Siberian Turkic groups were mostly unknown to outsiders when the Swedish scientist Johan Peter Falck (1732–1774) visited their settlements in the early 1770s. Falck led one of the expeditions dispatched between 1768 and 1774 by the Russian Academy of Sciences to different parts of the Russian Empire. As a botanist, zoologist, ethnographer and linguist, during his jour­neys he recorded information not only about the environment but also about the peoples he met and their political and social organisation, as well as ethnographic data. Falck’s rich and detailed travelogue was published posthumously and soon forgotten, while the rich data remained unat­tended for almost two centuries. In recent years, mainly biologists have rediscovered the materials, yet ethnobiological data is also plentiful. Knowledge about the environment is crucial for survival, and the complex relationship between humans and their environment is often reflected in names given to living organisms and places or in perceptions of the surroundings. This article focuses on Siberian Turkic folk knowledge among the Chulym Tatars, Kacha, Soyan, and Teleut, based on the observations by Johan Peter Falck in the 1770s. Ethnobiological and linguistic materials are used in an effort to at least partly reconstruct the cognitive world in which these peoples lived and created their concepts of the environment. The article is a preliminary contribution to the study of historical ethnoecology and ethnobiology.

Ethno-Botanical / Ethno-Medicinal Survey of Folklore Plants in Villages of Durg District in Chhattisgarh State (India)

Durg district is rich in biodiversity of medicinal plants. The forest area is about 08.95 % of the total area of Chhattisgarh. More than 80 villages are found in the range of Durg district. Peoples of villages as well as rural areas are frequently used many plants for the treatment of various diseases by own traditional knowledge. An ethno-botanical / ethno-medicinal survey was under taken to collect the folk knowledge of the inhabitants of the different villages of Durg district. Taxonomically, the plants used by the villagers of this area were classified under 66 families of angiosperms including 192 medicinal plants. The various plant part used included whole plants, leaves, stems, roots, tubers, barks, resin, latex, flowers, fruits and seeds. Botanical name, local name, families and uses in different diseases are given parenthetically.

CUKA AREN (Arenga pinnata): KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN OLEH INDIGENOUS PEOPLE KAMPUNG ADAT KUTA BERDASARKAN FLOK KNOWLEGDE

<p class="E-JOURNALHeading1"><em>Palm vinegar is one of the processed products from a type of plant from the Arecaceae family, namely Arenga pinnata. </em><em>Arenga</em><em> vinegar is used by the people of the Kuta traditional village as a traditional medicine to treat a disease or prevent disease, this is based on folk knowledge, experience and ancestral traditions passed down from generation to generation in using plants as medicine. However, their utilization practices have not been published, identified and documented. Therefore, this study aims to describe the stages of making </em><em>arenga</em><em> vinegar and the practice of using it as a traditional medicine in Kuta Traditional Village. This research was conducted in Kuta Traditional Village, Tambak Sari District, Karangpaningga</em><em>l</em><em> Village, Ciamis Regency, in January-February 2021. This research is qualitative research </em><em>study </em><em>using </em><em>the</em><em> phenomenological </em><em>method</em><em>, the data collection technique used in this study </em><em>are </em><em>passive participation and active participation</em><em> observation</em><em>, semi-structured interviews with 4 people, </em><em>namely</em><em> 3 men and 1 woman</em><em>, and</em><em> document studies</em><em> were carried out</em><em>. The results showed that the </em><em>arenga vinegar making stages</em><em> in Kuta Traditional Village includes the process of lodong</em><em> sterilizer</em><em>, tapping </em><em>arenga juice</em><em>, filtering </em><em>arenga juice, </em><em>storing and fermenting</em><em> arenga juice</em><em>. As for its use, </em><em>arenga </em><em>vinegar is believed to be a traditional medicine such as types of fever, aches, liver, diabetes, stomach acid and external wounds.</em></p>

Probe into the Application of PBL Teaching Method and Practice Reform in the Teaching of Medicinal Botany

Medicinal botany is a discipline that studies traditional or folk knowledge about the use of plants to prevent and treat diseases, and it is an important part of Chinese medicine learning. Traditional teaching methods do not perform well in the teaching of medicinal plants. Therefore, in order to improve the teaching effect of medicinal botany, teachers need to continuously research and innovate teaching methods to improve the quality of teaching. This article is guided by the PBL teaching method, and studies the application of the PBL teaching method in the teaching of medicinal plants in detail, hoping to improve the learning effect of students and improve the teaching quality of medicinal botany.

SPIRITUAL TEACHERS IN THAI COMMUNITY IN THAN UYEN DISTRICT, LAI CHAU PROVINCE

The Thai people in Than Uyen are part of the Northwest Thai people. They also share the same cultural traits, especially the spiritual culture of this land. In the spiritual life of the Thai people in Than Uyen, the spiritual teachers always hold an important position and role. On the one hand, they are "spiritual guides", responsible for taking care of the cultural and spiritual life of the whole community. On the other hand, they are also members with a lot of contributions and closely attached to society. With the study of the difficulties and contributions of Thai spiritual teachers to the community, the article contributes more voices to the preservation of Thai folk knowledge.