scholarly journals Non-Invasive Skin Sampling Detects Systemically Administered Drugs in Humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Panitchpakdi ◽  
Kelly C. Weldon ◽  
Alan K. Jarmusch ◽  
Emily C. Gentry ◽  
Arianna Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Improve Patient

Clinical testing typically relies on invasive blood draws and biopsies. Alternative methods of sample collection are continually being developed to improve patient experience; swabbing the skin is one of the least invasive sampling methods possible. To show that skin swabs in combination with untargeted mass spectrometry (metabolomics) can be used for non-invasive monitoring of an oral drug, we report the kinetics and metabolism of diphenhydramine in healthy volunteers (n=10) over the course of 24 hours in blood and three regions of the skin. Diphenhydramine and its metabolites were observed on the skin after peak plasma levels, varying by compound and skin location, and is an illustrative example of how systemically administered molecules can be detected on the skin surface. The observation of diphenhydramine directly from the skin supports the hypothesis that both parent drug and metabolites can be qualitatively measured from a simple non-invasive swab of the skin surface. The mechanism of the drug and metabolites pathway to the skin surface remains unknown.

scholarly journals Micro-Chamber/Thermal Extractor (µ-CTE) as a new sampling system for VOCs emitted by feces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Andreea Ratiu ◽  
Radik Mametov ◽  
Tomasz Ligor ◽  
Bogusław Buszewski
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Current Availability ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
Collection Methods

AbstractVOCs (volatile organic compounds) are increasingly wished to be used in diagnosis of diseases. They present strategic advantages, when compared to classical methods used, such as simplicity and current availability of performant non-invasive sample collection methods/systems. However, standardized sampling methods are required in order to achieve reproducible results. In the current study we developed a method to be used for feces sampling using a Micro-Chamber/Thermal Extractor (µ-CTE). Design Expert software (with Box–Behnken design) was used to predict the solutions. Therefore, by using the simulation experimental plan that was further experimentally verified, extraction time of 19.6 min, at extraction temperature of 30.6 °C by using a flow rate of 48.7 mL/min provided the higher response. The developed method was validated by using correlation tests and Network analysis, which both proved the validity of the developed model.

scholarly journals Clinico-mycological study and comparison of efficacy of three different techniques of sample collection from skin lesions for potassium hydroxide mount preparation in dermatophytoses

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Thimmappa ◽  
Veeranna Shastry ◽  
Jayadev Betkerur
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Direct Microscopy ◽  
Keratinized Tissue

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dermatophytoses are superficial fungal infections which invade and multiply within keratinized tissue. The KOH mount is one of the useful procedures and believed to be more reliable than culture for demonstrating dermatophytes. A few studies in the past have demonstrated the usefulness of alternative methods of sample collection for KOH preparation, but data on sensitivity and specificity of these methods is lacking. The aim of the study was to study the clinic-mycological aspects of dermatophytoses and to compare the efficacy of three different sampling techniques from skin lesions and correlating KOH mount with culture results.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 210 clinically diagnosed patients with dermatophytic infection attending outpatient department of Dermatology of a tertiary care hospital for duration of 2 years (September 2015 to October 2017) were included. The samples were collected from skin, hair and nail. These samples were used for direct microscopy by KOH mount and fungal cultures by Sabouraud dextrose agar media.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the total of 210 patients, maximum were in age group of &lt;10 years (74 cases), male: female - 1.2:1. Tinea corporis was commonest presentation (40.5%). Overall direct microscopy positivity was 81% while three different techniques from the glabrous skin and groins lesions was scraping method (97%), cellophane tape method (96%), skin surface biopsy (SSB) (98%) and culture in (89%). <em>T. rubrum</em> was commonest species isolate (37.7%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Tinea corporis was the commonest clinical type followed tinea capitis. <em>T. rubrum</em> were commonest dermatophytes isolated. All three methods of sampling were suitable for routine sample collection. The KOH mount helped rapid confirmation of clinical diagnosis.</p>

Contaminated flexible endoscopes: Review of impact of channel sampling methods on culture results and recommendations for root-cause analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Alfa ◽  
Harminder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Critical Aspects

Abstract Recently, infection transmission risk associated with contaminated, patient-ready flexible endoscopes has attracted attention. Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant organisms resulting in infection and/or colonization have been particularly concerning. Recent CDC and FDA recommendations focus on reducing “exogenous” infection transmission and specifically recommend that endoscopy sites have quality systems in place for endoscope reprocessing. Another key recommendation is the culture of patient-ready endoscopes to detect contamination with organisms of concern. Remaining gaps in the guidelines include ensuring that optimal endoscope-channel sample methods are used and ensuring effective root-cause analysis and remediation when contamination is detected. In this review, we summarize the critical aspects of endoscope sample collection and present a practical approach to root-cause analysis and remedial action plans.

scholarly journals Methodology: non-invasive monitoring system based on standing wave ratio for detecting water content variations in plants

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjeong Yang ◽  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Hak Jin Song ◽  
Eun Bin Lee ◽  
Yong-Keun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Stem Water

Abstract Background Water content variation during plant growth is one of the most important monitoring parameters in plant studies. Conventional parameters (such as dry weight) are unreliable; thus, the development of rapid, accurate methods that will allow the monitoring of water content variation in live plants is necessary. In this study, we aimed to develop a non-invasive, radiofrequency-based monitoring system to rapidly and accurately detect water content variation in live plants. The changes in standing wave ratio (SWR) caused by the presence of stem water and magnetic particles in the stem water flow were used as the basis of plant monitoring systems. Results The SWR of a coil probe was used to develop a non-invasive monitoring system to detect water content variation in live plants. When water was added to the live experimental plants with or without illumination under drought conditions, noticeable SWR changes at various frequencies were observed. When a fixed frequency (1.611 GHz) was applied to a single experimental plant (Radermachera sinica), a more comprehensive monitoring, such as water content variation within the plant and the effect of illumination on water content, was achieved. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the SWR of a coil probe could be used as a real-time, non-invasive, non-destructive parameter for detecting water content variation and practical vital activity in live plants. Our non-invasive monitoring method based on SWR may also be applied to various plant studies.

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