scholarly journals Examining the intersection of child protection and public housing: development, health and justice outcomes using linked administrative data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Malvaso ◽  
Alicia Montgomerie ◽  
Rhiannon Pilkington ◽  
Emma Baker ◽  
John Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Outcomes For Children

Objective: We described development, health and justice system outcomes for children in contact with child protection and public housing. Design: Descriptive analysis of outcomes for children known to child protection who also had contact with public housing drawn from the South Australian (SA) Better Evidence Better Outcomes Linked Data (BEBOLD) platform. Setting: The BEBOLD platform holds linked administrative records collected by government agencies for whole-population successive birth cohorts in South Australia beginning in 1999. Participants: This study included data from birth registrations, perinatal, child protection, public housing, hospital, emergency department, early education, and youth justice for all SA children born 1999-2013 and followed until 2016. The base population notified at least once to child protection was n=67,454. Primary outcome measure: Contact with the public housing system. Secondary outcome measures: hospitalisations and emergency department presentations before age 5, and early education at age 5, and youth justice contact before age 17. Results: More than 60% of children with at least one notification to child protection had contact with public housing, and 60.2% of those known to both systems were known to housing first. Children known to both systems experienced more emergency department and hospitalisation contacts, greater developmental vulnerability and were about 6 times more likely to have youth justice system contact. Conclusions: There is substantial overlap between involvement with child protection and public housing in SA. Those children are more likely to face a life trajectory characterised by greater contact with the health system, greater early life developmental vulnerability, and greater contact with the criminal justice system. Ensuring the highest quality of supportive early life infrastructure for families in public housing may contribute to prevention of contact with child protection and better life trajectories for children.

Maltreatment and Delinquency: Examining the Contexts of Offending Amongst Child Protection-Involved Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2191-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Baidawi ◽  
Rosemary Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Criminal Charges

Abstract Child protection-involved children experience disproportionately high criminal justice system contact, yet little is known about the circumstances in which such children offend. This study sought to identify the contexts in which this group of children offend and factors associated with children being charged in each context. A mixed-methods analysis of Children’s Court case files was conducted utilising a cross-sectional sample of 300 children who came before three Children’s Criminal Courts in Victoria, Australia, and who also had statutory Child Protection involvement. Three key contexts of offending were identified: adolescent family violence (AFV), residential care-based offending and group-based offending. A total of 33 per cent of children had engaged in AFV (23 per cent had AFV-related charges), 36 per cent of children ever placed in residential care acquired charges relating to their behaviour in these settings, while 44 per cent of children had engaged in group-based offending. More than one-third of children (38 per cent) also had criminal charges stemming from justice system interactions (e.g. resisting arrest). Children’s cumulative neurodevelopmental, mental health and substance abuse challenges correlated with offending in each context. Strategies to reduce youth justice contact amongst child protection-involved children should consider systems responses to AFV and behavioural challenges in residential care.

scholarly journals Exploratory Research on the Health and Social Outcomes of Public Housing

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Smith ◽  
Aynslie Hinds ◽  
Heather Prior ◽  
Dan Chateau
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundUnder the National Housing Strategy, the Canadian government will make historic investments in housing over the next decade. The Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation is leading a research strategy to evaluate the impact of these investments. As part of this initiative, the Manitoba Center for Health Policy is conducting a pilot study to determine whether administrative data can be used to assess impacts, specifically looking at health, education and involvement in the justice system. ApproachUsing administrative data we tested for changes in healthcare use and justice involvement in the two years before and after a cohort of individuals moved into public housing. Additionally, to determine if changes in the outcomes over time were unique to public housing, we included a matched comparison group of individuals who did not reside in public housing. GLM with generalized estimating equations tested for differences over time and between cohorts in the number of hospitalizations, inpatient days, emergency department visits, and contacts with the criminal justice system. The data were modeled using a Poisson distribution (rate ratio, RR). Results Compared to the matched cohort, individuals accepted into public housing showed a significant decline in number of hospitalizations (pre RR=1.58 (1.53, 1.63), post RR=1.23 (1.19, 1.27), days in hospital (pre RR=1.66 (1.64, 1.68), post RR=1.24 (1.23, 1.26) and visits to the emergency department (pre RR=1.57 (1.52, 1.62), post RR=1.42 (1.38, 1.47). A trend towards fewer involvements with the criminal justice system was also observed (pre RR=1.37 (1.32, 1.43), post RR=1.28 (1.22, 1.34). No significant differences were noted for total respiratory morbidity or high school grades. ConclusionAdministrative data show good potential to be used for the evaluation of public housing impacts on a wide range of health and social outcomes. Additional indicator comparisons will be reported at the conference.

Pathways Into Youth Justice: Strengthening Policy and Program Supports for Young People in the Youth Justice System Who Are Transitioning From Out-of-Home Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Mendes ◽  
Susan Baidawi
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Care Leavers

Local and international research suggests an overrepresentation of young people leaving state out-of-home care in the youth justice system. A range of factors appear to contribute to this correlation including child abuse and neglect, placement instability, experiences of residential care, and unsupported transitions from care. This article presents the findings of a Victorian pilot study conducted in partnership with Whitelion, a not-for-profit organisation specifically offering support to ‘young people involved with or at risk of involvement with the youth justice and/or out-of-home care and leaving care services’ (Whitelion, 2012), to examine the interrelationship between the child protection and youth justice systems, and particularly to explore the processes that take place when young people involved in the youth justice system leave state care. A series of interviews and focus groups with Whitelion workers were used to explore whether leaving care plans and policies address and minimise involvement with youth justice; the role, if any, of formal consultations by child protection services with youth justice regarding this group of care leavers; and the ongoing role of youth justice postcare, particularly when young people are in custody at the time of their exit from care. Some significant implications for policy and practice are identified.

scholarly journals Overlap between child protection services and the youth justice system: protocol for a retrospective population-based cohort study using linked administrative data in Manitoba, Canada

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e034895
Author(s):  
Nathan C Nickel ◽  
Lorna Turnbull ◽  
Elizabeth Wall-Wieler ◽  
Wendy Au ◽  
Okechukwu Ekuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Justice Systems

IntroductionChildren who have a history of involvement in child protection services (CPS) are over-represented in the youth and adult criminal justice systems. There are significant health and socioeconomic implications for individuals involved in either or both CPS and the justice system. Understanding the ‘overlap’ between these two systems would provide insight into the health and social needs of this population. This protocol describes a research programme on the relationship between the child welfare and the youth justice systems, looking specifically at the population involved in both CPS and the youth justice system. We will examine the characteristics associated with involvement in these systems, justice system trajectories of individuals with a history of CPS involvement and early adult outcomes of children involved in both systems.Methods and analysisAdministrative data sets will be linked at the individual level for three cohorts born 1991, 1994 and 1998 in Manitoba, Canada. Involvement in CPS will be categorised as ‘placed in out-of-home care’, ‘received in-home services, but was not placed in care’ or ‘no involvement’. Involvement in the youth justice system will be examined through contacts with police between ages 12 and 17 that either led to charges or did not proceed. Individual, maternal and neighbourhood characteristics will be examined to identify individuals at greatest risk of involvement in one or both systems.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board and permission to access data sets has been granted by all data providers. We also received approval for the study from the First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba’s Health Information Research Governance Committee and the Manitoba Metis Federation. Strategies to disseminate study results will include engagement of stakeholders and policymakers through meetings and workshops, scientific publications and presentations, and social media.

The Youth Justice System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessa Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Youth Justice

No description supplied

Justice System Involvement Among Adolescents in the Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek P. Dubey ◽  
Kimberly A. Randell ◽  
Abbey R. Masonbrink ◽  
Michelle L. Pickett ◽  
Ashley K. Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Justice System ◽  
System Involvement

scholarly journals Comparative 4-year risk and type of hospital admission among homeless and housed emergency department attendees: longitudinal study of hospital records in England 2013–2018

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049811
Author(s):  
Charlie Moss ◽  
Matt Sutton ◽  
Sudeh Cheraghi-Sohi ◽  
Caroline Sanders ◽  
Thomas Allen
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Emergency Admissions ◽  
Incident Rate Ratio ◽  
Chronic Angina ◽  
Access To Primary Care ◽  
Incident Rate ◽  
Preventable Admissions

ObjectivesPeople experiencing homelessness are frequent users of secondary care. Currently, there is no study of potentially preventable admissions for homeless patients in England. We aim to estimate the number of potentially preventable hospital admissions for homeless patients and compare to housed patients with similar characteristics.DesignRetrospective matched cohort study.SettingHospitals in England.Participants16 161 homeless patients and 74 780 housed patients aged 16–75 years who attended an emergency department (ED) in England in 2013/2014, matched on the basis of age, sex, ED attended and primary diagnosis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnnual counts of admissions, emergency admissions, ambulatory care-sensitive (ACS) emergency admissions, acute ACS emergency admissions and chronic ACS emergency admissions over the following 4 years (2014/2015–2017/2018). We additionally compare the prevalence of specific ACS conditions for homeless and housed patients.ResultsMean admissions per 1000 patients per year were 470 for homeless patients and 230 for housed patients. Adjusted for confounders, annual admissions were 1.79 times higher (incident rate ratio (IRR)=1.79; 95% CI 1.69 to 1.90), emergency admissions 2.08 times higher (IRR=2.08; 95% CI 1.95 to 2.21) and ACS admissions 1.65 times higher (IRR=1.65; 95% CI 1.51 to 1.80), compared with housed patients. The effect was greater for acute (IRR=1.78; 95% CI 1.64 to 1.93) than chronic (IRR=1.45; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.66) ACS conditions. ACS conditions that were relatively more common for homeless patients were cellulitis, convulsions/epilepsy and chronic angina.ConclusionsHomeless patients use hospital services at higher rates than housed patients, particularly emergency admissions. ACS admissions of homeless patients are higher which suggests some admissions may be potentially preventable with improved access to primary care. However, these admissions comprise a small share of total admissions.

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