The Reputational Dividends of Collaborating with a Highly Reputable Agency: The Case of the FDA and Its Domestic Partner Agencies

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1101/2021.12.01.21267117 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Moshe Maor ◽

Raanan Sulitzeanu-Kenan ◽

Meital Balmas

Keyword(s):

Media Coverage ◽

Financial Support ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Interagency Collaboration ◽

Federal Agencies ◽

Research Support ◽

Fixed Effects Models ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Negative Tone

AbstractWhat, if any, dividends do agencies reap from collaboration with a highly reputable agency, such as the FDA? Utilizing a dataset covering 30 U.S. federal agencies over a period of 34 years (1980–2013), we estimate the short and long-term reputational effects of interagency collaboration. Collaboration is measured by the number of memorandums of understanding (MOUs) in effect between each agency and the FDA, while agency reputation is assessed using an automated measure of media-coverage valence (positive/negative tone) for each agency-year. To account for potential reverse and reciprocal causality, we utilize cross-lagged fixed-effects models. We find evidence of moderate rises in reputation due to increased collaboration with the FDA. These effects persist significantly for two years, before decaying to null after four years. Employing similar analyses, we furthermore estimate reversed causality – of reputation on the level of consequent collaboration – finding no evidence of such effects.Research SupportMoshe Maor and Raanan Sulitzeanu-Kenan gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Israel Science Foundation under grant 1002/11.

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Substitute or complement? The use of trade credit as a financing source among SMEs

Management Research Review ◽

10.1108/mrr-06-2015-0153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 10-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Darush Yazdanfar ◽

Peter Öhman

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Trade Credit ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Short Term ◽

Content Type ◽

System Models ◽

Accounts Payable ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Retained Earnings

Purpose This study aims to investigate trade credit as a financing source among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly the influence of short-term debt, long-term debt and profitability on the use of such credit. Design/methodology/approach Ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effects and generalized method of moments (GMM) system models were used to analyze a large cross-sectional panel data set of 15,897 Swedish SMEs in five industry sectors for the 2009-2012 period. Findings The study provides empirical evidence that long-term debt and profitability each significantly and negatively influence trade credit (i.e. accounts payable) and that short-term debt positively influences trade credit. Notably, while trade credit seems to complement other short-term debt, it replaces long-term debt. Moreover, firm size in terms of sales is positively related and firm age is negatively related to accounts payable. Industry affiliation is another significant explanatory variable. Practical implications The results provide debt holders, potential investors, policymakers and academic researchers with insights into the relationship between trade credit demand, on the one hand, and external financing (i.e. short- and long-term debt) and internal retained earnings (i.e. profit), on the other. From a manager’s perspective, the findings may be important for decision-making regarding trade credit use. Originality/value When investigating trade credit determinants, the literature has seldom distinguished between short- and long-term debt and considered that they may influence the use of trade credit in different ways. The present study adds to the literature by using OLS, fixed-effects and GMM system models to analyze a large cross-sectoral sample in a high-tax country where both bank loans and trade credit are considered important financing instruments.

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Long Term Effects of Job Displacement. Paper presented at the 2010 American Sociological Association Annual Meeting.

10.31219/osf.io/2c5te ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew J Moehr

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Panel Study ◽

Job Displacement ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Fixed Effects Models ◽

Worker Characteristics ◽

Using Data

This paper replicates and extends Stevens’s (1997) analysis of the long-term effects of job displacements. Using data from the 1968-2005 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate fixed-effects models which show that there are long term decreases in earnings after displacements. The decreases are mediated when longer follow up data is used for individuals. Changes in the labor market have also shifted the relationship between displacements and individual worker characteristics. Specifically, education and experience have become more important then displacements. Conclusions are based on an analysis of the different people in the 40 years of PSID data and the structural changes in the labor market over that time. This article suggests that longitudinal data and fixed-effects models are one of many ways to conceptualize labor market changes.

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Diazoxide for the Treatment of Transitional Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A Systematic Review

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/09732179211059607 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097321792110596

Author(s):

Don Laing ◽

Sara M Hanning ◽

Jane E Harding ◽

Lisa C Mravicich ◽

Christopher JD McKinlay

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Congenital Hyperinsulinism ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽

Inborn Errors ◽

Metabolic Transition ◽

Short And Long Term

Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is widely recognized as a common, preventable cause of brain injury in infants. Early use of diazoxide, which attenuates insulin secretion, is a possible treatment strategy for neonates that fail first-line management of hypoglycemia. Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of diazoxide compared to placebo or no diazoxide treatment for improving short- and long-term outcomes in neonates born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation who require treatment for transitional hypoglycemia. Methods: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until November 2020. We included all published randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies of diazoxide therapy in neonates that reported 1 or more prespecified outcomes. We excluded studies that primarily reported on neonates born at <35 weeks, with congenital hyperinsulinism or inborn errors of metabolism, or who started treatment after 1 month of age. Two authors independently performed screening, risk of bias assessment, data extraction, and rating of evidence certainty (GRADE). Meta-analysis was performed in RevMan (inverse variance, fixed effects). Results: A total of 161 studies were screened, 7 reviewed in full, and 1 included (N = 30). Low-certainty evidence suggested that diazoxide, compared with placebo, is associated with a shorter duration of intravenous fluids (mean difference [MD] –50 h, 95% confidence interval [CI] −94, −6), decreased time to achieve full enteral feeding (MD –49 h, 95% CI −91, −7), and euglycemia (MD –33 h, 95% CI −66, −0). Conclusions: Diazoxide may promote metabolic transition in late preterm and term neonates with transitional hypoglycemia. Further high-quality randomized trials are needed to assess short- and long-term effects of diazoxide therapy.

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Breastfeeding media coverage and beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: implications for breastfeeding equity

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-021-01588-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Vilar-Compte ◽

P. Gaitán-Rossi ◽

E. C. Rhodes ◽

V. Cruz-Villalba ◽

R. Pérez-Escamilla

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Sentiment Analysis ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Breastfeeding Promotion ◽

Short And Long Term

Abstract Background Because breastfeeding offers short- and long- term health benefits to mothers and children, breastfeeding promotion and support is a public health priority. Evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 is not likely to be transmitted via breastmilk. Moreover, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are thought to be contained in breastmilk of mothers with history of COVID-19 infection or vaccination. WHO recommends direct breastfeeding as the preferred infant feeding option during the COVID-19 pandemic, even among women with COVID-19; but conflicting practices have been adopted, which could widen existing inequities in breastfeeding. This study aims to describe how information about breastfeeding was communicated in Mexican media during the pandemic and assess Mexican adults’ beliefs regarding breastfeeding among mothers infected with COVID-19. Methods We conducted a retrospective content analysis of media coverage on breastfeeding in Mexico between March 1 and September 24, 2020, excluding advertisements. For the content analysis, we performed both a sentiment analysis and an analysis based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) for breastfeeding promotion. Additionally, we conducted a descriptive analysis of nationally representative data on adults’ beliefs about breastfeeding from the July 2020 round of the ENCOVID-19 survey in Mexico and stratified the results by gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Results A total of 1014 publications on breastfeeding were identified on the internet and television and in newspapers and magazines. Most information was published during World Breastfeeding Week, celebrated in August. The sentiment analysis showed that 57.2% of all information was classified as positive. The SWOT analysis indicated that most information focused on current actions, messages, policies, or programs that enable breastfeeding (i.e., strengths) or those not currently in place but that may enable breastfeeding (i.e., opportunities) for breastfeeding promotion. However, ENCOVID-19 survey results showed that 67.3% of adults living in households with children under 3 years of age believe that mothers with COVID-19 should not breastfeed, and 19.8% do not know whether these mothers should breastfeed. These beliefs showed differences both by gender and by socioeconomic status. Conclusions While the Mexican government endorsed the recommendation on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, communication was sporadic, inconstant and unequal across types of media. There was a widespread notion that mothers with COVID-19 should not breastfeed and due to differences on beliefs by socioeconomic status, health inequities could be exacerbated by increasing the risk of poorer breastfeeding practices and preventing vulnerable groups from reaping the short and long-term benefits of breastfeeding.

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Experience with Short and Long Term Courses of Local Adrenal Steroid Therapy For Ulcerative Colitis

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(62)80117-6 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 669-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jean A. Spencer ◽

Joseph B. Kirsner

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Steroid Therapy ◽

Adrenal Steroid ◽

Short And Long Term

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Short- and Long-Term Results of Total vs Subtotal Thyroid- ectomies in the Surgical Treatment of Graves' Disease

Swiss Surgery ◽

10.1024/1023-9332.7.1.20 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert ◽

Mariéthoz ◽

Pache ◽

Bertin ◽

Caulfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Nerve Palsy ◽

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽

Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽

Short And Long Term

Objective: Approximately one out of five patients with Graves' disease (GD) undergoes a thyroidectomy after a mean period of 18 months of medical treatment. This retrospective and non-randomized study from a teaching hospital compares short- and long-term results of total (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomies (ST) for this disease. Methods: From 1987 to 1997, 94 patients were operated for GD. Thirty-three patients underwent a TT (mostly since 1993) and 61 a ST (keeping 4 to 8 grams of thyroid tissue - mean 6 g). All patients had received propylthiouracil and/or neo-mercazole and were in a euthyroid state at the time of surgery; they also took potassium iodide (lugol) for ten days before surgery. Results: There were no deaths. Transient hypocalcemia (< 3 months) occurred in 32 patients (15 TT and 17 ST) and persistent hypocalcemia in 8 having had TT. Two patients developed transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after ST (< 3 months). After a median follow-up period of seven years (1-15) with five patients lost to follow-up, 41 patients having had a ST are in a hypothyroid state (73%), thirteen are euthyroid (23%), and two suffered recurrent hyperthyroidism, requiring completion of thyroidectomy. All 33 patients having had TT - with follow-ups averaging two years (0.5-8) - are receiving thyroxin substitution. Conclusions: There were no instances of persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in either group, but persistent hypoparathyroidism occurred more frequently after TT. Long after ST, hypothyroidism developed in nearly three of four cases, whereas euthyroidy was maintained in only one-fourth; recurrent hyperthyroidy was rare.

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