scholarly journals Predictors of uncertainty and unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccine in a sample of 22,139 fully vaccinated adults in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Paul ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Initial Uncertainty

Summary Background The continued success of the COVID-19 vaccination programme in the UK will depend on widespread uptake of booster vaccines. However, there is evidence of hesitancy and unwillingness to receive the booster vaccine, even in fully vaccinated adults. Identifying factors associated with COVID-19 booster vaccine intentions specifically in this population is therefore critical. Methods We used data from 22,139 fully vaccinated adults who took part in the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. Multinomial logistic regression examined longitudinal predictors of uncertainty and unwillingness (versus willingness) to receive a COVID-19 booster vaccine (measured 22 November 2021 to 6 December 2021), including (i) socio-demographic factors, (ii) COVID-19 related factors (e.g., having been infected with COVID-19), and (iii) initial intent to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in the four months following the announcement in the UK that the vaccines had been approved (2 December 2020 to 31 March 2021). Findings 4% of the sample reported that they were uncertain about receiving a COVID-19 booster vaccine, and a further 4% unwilling. Initial uncertainty and unwillingness to accept the first COVID-19 vaccine in 2020-21 were each associated with over five times the risk of being uncertain about and unwilling to accept a booster vaccine. Healthy adults (those without a pre-existing physical health condition) were also more likely to be uncertain or unwilling to receive a booster vaccine. In addition, low levels of current stress about catching or becoming seriously ill from COVID-19, consistently low compliance with COVID-19 government guidelines during periods of strict restrictions (e.g., lockdowns), lower levels of educational qualification, lower socio-economic position and age below 45 years were all associated with uncertainty and unwillingness. Interpretation Our findings highlight that there are a range of factors that predict booster intentions, with the strongest predictor being previous uncertainty and unwillingness. Two other concerning patterns also emerged from our results. First, administration of booster vaccinations may increase social inequalities in experiences of COVID-19 as adults from lower socio-economic backgrounds are also most likely to be uncertain or unwilling to accept a booster vaccine as well as most likely to be seriously affected by the virus. Second, some of those most likely to spread COVID-19 (i.e., those with poor compliance with guidelines) are most likely to be uncertain and unwilling. Public health messaging should be tailored specifically to these groups.

Changes in micronutrient intake and factors associated with this change among older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Arpita Das ◽  
Robert G Cumming ◽  
Vasi Naganathan ◽  
Fiona Blyth ◽  
David G Le Couteur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Objectives: To examine changes in micronutrient intake over 3 years and identify any associations between socio-economic, health, lifestyle and meal-related factors and these changes in micronutrient intakes among older men. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Dietary adequacy of individual micronutrient was compared to the estimated average requirement of the nutrient reference values (NRV). Attainment of the NRV for twelve micronutrients was incorporated into a dichotomised variable ‘not meeting’ (meeting ≤ 6) or ‘meeting’ (meeting ≥ 7) and categorised into four categories to assess change in micronutrient intake over 3 years. The multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to model predictors of changes in micronutrient intake. Participants: Seven hundred and ninety-four men participated in a detailed diet history interview at the third wave (baseline nutrition) and 718 men participated at the fourth wave (3-year follow-up). Results: The mean age was 81 years (range 75–99 years). Median intakes of the majority of micronutrients decreased significantly over a 3-year follow-up. Inadequacy of the NRV for thiamine, dietary folate, Zn, Mg, Ca and I were significantly increased at a 3-year follow-up than baseline nutrition. The incidence of inadequate micronutrient intake was 21 % and remained inadequate micronutrient intake was 16·4 % at 3-year follow-up. Changes in micronutrient intakes were significantly associated with participants born in the UK and Italy, low levels of physical activity, having ≥2 medical conditions and used meal services. Conclusions: Micronutrient intake decreases with age in older men. Our results suggest that strategies to improve some of the suboptimal micronutrient intakes might need to be developed and implemented for older men.

scholarly journals Intention to receive a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Italy and its association with trust, worry and beliefs about the origin of the virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-511
Author(s):  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
To Receive

Abstract The aim of the current study was to determine the extent to which Italian people intend to receive a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and to investigate its associations with worry, institutional trust and beliefs about the non-natural origin of the virus. A sample of 624 people living in Italy was recruited in April 2020 using an online platform. The survey included questions about intention to receive a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, trust, worry and beliefs about the origin of the virus. Most respondents (75.8%) intended to receive a vaccine, while 32 (5.1%) and 63 (10.1%) participants responded ‘No’ and ‘I do not know’, respectively. The remaining participants (9.0%) chose not to respond to this question. Controlling for socio-demographic factors, a multinomial logistic regression model revealed that no intention to receive a vaccine was associated with lower levels of worry and institutional trust, while increased odds for responding ‘do not know’ were found among participants holding beliefs about the non-natural origin of the virus. Vaccine acceptance may not be sufficient to establish a high level of herd immunity and a successful implementation of new pandemic vaccination programs should take into account trust, conspiracy beliefs and worry.

scholarly journals Root causes of deaths by suicide amongst patients under the care of a mental health trust: a thematic analysis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S310-S310
Author(s):  
Dhruba Bagchi ◽  
Kerry Webb ◽  
Opeyemi Odejimi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Review Team ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Trust

AimsThis study explores common themes emerging from root causes of Serious Incident (SI) reports of mental health service users who died by suicide under the care of a mental health trust.BackgroundSuicide is a global health problem. It is estimated every year about 800,000 people die by suicide worldwide. Previously, the United Kingdom (UK) reported a significant reduction. However, the latest report in 2018 indicated a marked increase. Furthermore, 28% of people who died by suicide in the UK were under the care of mental health service 12 months prior to their death. The causes of suicide are not usually straightforward, but sometimes could be preventable. Thus exploring the root causes is a step in the right direction to preventing this global problem.MethodThematic analysis was carried to identify themes emerging from the Root Causes (RCs) within the Serious Incident (SI) reports of patients who died by suicide while under the care of the Trust between January 1st, 2017 and July 31st, 2018. Over the 18 month period, there were 71 deaths, of which 36 were ruled as suicide by the coroner. A further 16 were considered by the review team as possible suicide and were therefore included to increase the scope of learning. This review is therefore based on 48 cases.ResultThree main themes emerged from this study. They are patient, professional and organisational factors. Majority of the death were patient related factors, particularly exacerbation of patient's mental health condition. Furthermore, the most frequently occurring professional and organisational factor were issues around patient risk assessment and management and inadequate psychiatric bed respectively.ConclusionThe findings of this study have helped gained an understanding of the perceived causes of death of patient who died by suicide. It is hoped that this will in turn influence the manner in which, decisions, policies and resource allocation are carried out to further prevent and reduce the incidence of suicide, particularly amongst mental health patients.

Trajectories of eating behavior during COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of 22,374 adults in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
The Uk

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of stay-at-home and lockdown measures. It is currently unknown if the experience of lockdown leads to long term changes in individual’s eating behaviors.Objective: The objectives of this study were: i) to derive longitudinal trajectories of change in eating during UK lockdown, and ii) to identify risk factors associated with eating behavior trajectories. Design: Data from 22,374 UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social study (a panel study collecting weekly data during the pandemic) were analyzed from 28th March to 29th May 2020. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to derive trajectories of change in eating. These were then associated with prior socio-economic, heath-related and psychological factors using multinomial regression models. Results: Analyses suggested five trajectories, with the majority (64%) showing no change in eating. In contrast, one trajectory was marked by persistently eating more, whereas another by persistently eating less. Overall, participants with greater depressive symptoms were more likely to report any change in eating. Loneliness was linked to persistently eating more (OR= 1.07), whereas being single or divorced, as well as stressful life events, were associated with consistently eating less (OR= 1.69). Overall, higher education status was linked to lower odds of changing eating behavior (OR= 0.54-0.77). Secondary exploratory analyses suggest that participants self-reported to have overweight were most common amongst the consistently overeaters, whereas underweight participants persistently ate less. Conclusion: In this study, we found that one third of the sample report changes in quantities eaten throughout the first UK lockdown period. Findings highlight the importance of adjusting public health programs to support eating behaviors in future lockdowns both in this and potential future pandemics. This is particularly important as part of on-going preventive efforts to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Dietary Behaviors and Incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2114
Author(s):  
Thanh-Huyen T. Vu ◽  
Kelsey J. Rydland ◽  
Chad J. Achenbach ◽  
Linda Van Horn ◽  
Marilyn C. Cornelis
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Uk

Background: Nutritional status influences immunity but its specific association with susceptibility to COVID-19 remains unclear. We examined the association of specific dietary data and incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank (UKB). Methods: We considered UKB participants in England with self-reported baseline (2006–2010) data and linked them to Public Health England COVID-19 test results—performed on samples from combined nose/throat swabs, using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)—between March and November 2020. Baseline diet factors included breastfed as baby and specific consumption of coffee, tea, oily fish, processed meat, red meat, fruit, and vegetables. Individual COVID-19 exposure was estimated using the UK’s average monthly positive case rate per specific geo-populations. Logistic regression estimated the odds of COVID-19 positivity by diet status adjusting for baseline socio-demographic factors, medical history, and other lifestyle factors. Another model was further adjusted for COVID-19 exposure. Results: Eligible UKB participants (n = 37,988) were 40 to 70 years of age at baseline; 17% tested positive for COVID-19 by SAR-CoV-2 PCR. After multivariable adjustment, the odds (95% CI) of COVID-19 positivity was 0.90 (0.83, 0.96) when consuming 2–3 cups of coffee/day (vs. <1 cup/day), 0.88 (0.80, 0.98) when consuming vegetables in the third quartile of servings/day (vs. lowest quartile), 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) when consuming fourth quartile servings of processed meats (vs. lowest quartile), and 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) when having been breastfed (vs not breastfed). Associations were attenuated when further adjusted for COVID-19 exposure, but patterns of associations remained. Conclusions: In the UK Biobank, consumption of coffee, vegetables, and being breastfed as a baby were favorably associated with incident COVID-19; intake of processed meat was adversely associated. Although these findings warrant independent confirmation, adherence to certain dietary behaviors may be an additional tool to existing COVID-19 protection guidelines to limit the spread of this virus.

Psychological Responses Among Korean Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Survivors and Bereaved Families

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dayoung Lee ◽  
Junghyun H Lee ◽  
Kyoungsun Jeon ◽  
Nabin Lee ◽  
Minyoung Sim
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Korean Ministry ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Bereaved Family

Abstract Objective: In 2015, the outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in South Korea affected 186 patients and led to 38 bereaved families. This study aimed at investigating the nature and related factors of the psychological responses of MERS victims during the acute phase of disaster. Methods: The MERS Psychological Support Team under the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare provided counseling services to MERS survivors and bereaved families for 4 weeks, based on crisis intervention. In this study, we reviewed the counseling records of 109 survivors and 80 bereaved family members, and analyzed their epidemiological and MERS-related information along with psychological responses. Results: Somatic symptoms and anxiety related to social stigmatization or disease transmission were common in MERS survivors, whereas grief reactions such as sadness, and anger were frequently observed in bereaved families. Bereaved MERS survivors showed more avoidance/isolation than non-bereaved MERS survivors. Females, those with an underlying physical or psychiatric health condition, and those having experienced longer duration of hospitalization and non-healthcare workers were more at risk of suffering from psychological problems. Conclusions: Survivors and bereaved families of epidemics can experience various psychological distresses depending on individual characteristics and the inherent features of the epidemic. Therefore, mental health in epidemics should be approached and considered more seriously.

scholarly journals Migrant Women’s Help-Seeking Decisions and Use of Support Resources for Intimate Partner Violence in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110001
Author(s):  
Ran Hu ◽  
Jia Xue ◽  
Xiying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sources Of Support

In China, women who domestically relocate from rural or less developed regions to major cities are at a higher risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) than their non-migrant counterparts. Few studies have focused on Chinese domestic migrant women’s help-seeking for IPV and their use of different sources of support. The present study aimed to identify factors that influence migrant women’s help-seeking decisions. In addition, we also examined factors that contribute to migrant women’s use of diverse sources of support for IPV. A sample of 280 migrant women victimized by IPV in the past year at the time of the survey was drawn from a larger cross-sectional study conducted in four major urban cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Using a multinomial logistic regression model and a zero-inflated Poisson model, we found that factors influencing migrant women’s help-seeking decisions and their use of diverse sources of support included socioeconomic factors, IPV type, relationship-related factors, knowledge of China’s first anti-Domestic Violence Law, and perception of the effectiveness of current policies. We discuss implications for future research and interventions.

scholarly journals Rates and predictors of uptake of mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 26,720 adults in the UK in lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Hei Wan Mak ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a great strain on people’s mental health. A growing number of studies have shown worsening mental health measures globally during the pandemic. However, there is a lack of empirical study on how people support their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine a number of formal and informal mental health support. Further, it explored factors that might be associated with the use of different types mental health support. Methods Data from 26,720 adults in the UCL COVID-19 Social Study were analysed between 13th April 2020 and 3rd July 2020. Data were analysed using logistic and Poisson regression models. Results About 45% of people reported talking to friends or family members to support their mental health, 43% engaging in self-care activities, 20% taking medication, 9% speaking to mental health professionals, 8% talking to a GP or other health professional, and another 8% using helpline or online services. Gender, education, living status, loneliness, pre-existing mental health conditions, general depression and anxiety, coping and personality were found to be associated with the use of mental health support. Conclusion While the negative impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are inevitable, people can play an active role in managing their mental health. Understanding the patterns and predictors of various kinds of mental health support during the pandemic is crucial for future service planning and delivery through recognising potential barriers to mental health care faced by certain groups.

scholarly journals Correlates of Transitions in Food Insecurity Status during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Ethnically Diverse Households in Central Texas

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2597
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Janda ◽  
Nalini Ranjit ◽  
Deborah Salvo ◽  
Aida Nielsen ◽  
Pablo Lemoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
June July

Food insecurity increased substantially in the USA during the early stages of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to identify potential sociodemographic and food access-related factors that were associated with continuing or transitioning into food insecurity in a diverse population. An electronic survey was completed by 367 households living in low-income communities in Central Texas during June–July 2020. Multinomial logistic regression models were developed to examine the associations among food insecurity transitions during COVID-19 and various sociodemographic and food access-related factors, including race/ethnicity, children in the household, loss of employment/wages, language, and issues with food availability, accessibility, affordability, and stability during the pandemic. Sociodemographic and food access-related factors associated with staying or becoming newly food insecure were similar but not identical. Having children in the household, changes in employment/wages, changing shopping location due to food availability, accessibility and/or affordability issues, issues with food availability, and stability of food supply were associated with becoming newly food insecure and staying food insecure during the pandemic. Identifying as Latino and/or Black was associated with staying food insecure during COVID-19. These findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic did not create new food insecurity disparities. Rather, the pandemic exacerbated pre-existing disparities.

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