Eloquent Images

Drawing on original research covering different periods and spaces, this book sets out to appreciate the specific place of images in the history of evangelisation in the long modern period. How can we reconceptualise the functions of the visual mediation of the gospel message, both in terms of the production and reception of this message and in terms of its effective mediators, artists, religious, and cultural ambassadors? The contributions in this book offer multiple geographical and historical insights regarding the circulation of the image on the global scale of the Christianised world or the world in the process of being Christianised, from China to Iberia. Combining the contribution of historians and art historians, the authors highlight the points of intercultural encounter and tension around preaching, catechesis, devotional practices and the propagandistic use of images. Through its aesthetic and social study of the image, and by examining the inner and outer borders of Europe and the mission lands, Eloquent Images contributes significantly to the history of evangelisation, one of the major dynamics of the first European globalisation.

Qualitative Research and Aging in Context: Implications to Social Study in China

This article begins with a review of methods that gerontologists use in social and behavioral research. The value and focus of qualitative research are highlighted with their epistemological roots. Qualitative approaches and their uses are summarized in terms of “interpretive” and “critical” social sciences that draw the insights of sociological paradigms. With a further review of qualitative research on aging and gerontological studies in China, the article focuses on an integrated micro-macro model by illuminating the ideas of clinical sociology and the general public policy framework of an “economic state in transition.” Implications to social policy study (particularly on aging in China) are discussed.

El precio del delito: delincuencia y fiscalidad en la ciudad de Valencia durante el reinado de Alfonso el Magnánimo (1416-1458) según los libros de cuentas del justicia criminal

Social study about the crimes in the city of Valencia during the Alphonso the Magnanimous reign trough the account books of the Criminal Justice official and him rear revision by the Rational Master. It is quantified the number of done crimes, who are their protagonists, which are the crime typologies and the economic quantity that provide to the city and to the royal treasure, regardless of the structure of other active tribunals (town hall, government, local police). We present an urban criminality approximation through the Criminal Justice action in a concrete period by the documentary sources regularity. Estudio social y fiscal sobre los delitos cometidos en la ciudad de Valencia durante el reinado de Alfonso el Magnánimo a través los libros de cuentas del Justicia Criminal y su posterior revisión por parte del Maestre Racional. Se cuantifica el número de delitos que se cometen, quiénes son sus protagonistas, cuáles son las tipologías delictivas y las cantidades económicas que proporcionaban al municipio y a las arcas reales, independientemente de la estructura de otros tribunales en activo (bailía, gobernación, almotacén). Se presenta una aproximación a la criminalidad urbana a través de la acción del Justicia Criminal de Valencia en un periodo determinado por la regularidad de las fuentes documentales.

SOCIO-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PARENTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON LEARNING OUTCOMES OF CLASS VII STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 11 TANJUNGBALAI SCHOOL YEAR 2020/2021

Many factors can affect a student's success in learning, both internal and external factors, such as socio-cultural and economic parents of students. The study aims to analyze the socio-cultural conditions (family environment) and socio-economic conditions of parents (education, employment and parental income) and their effect on students' social study learning outcomes. From most of the socio-cultural conditions of students (family environments) are categorized well. The socio-cultural conditions of students have a significant effect on the learning outcomes of students' social studies with a value of p = 0.004, in socio-economic conditions of the student's parents, most of whom have a low education, work as non-civil servants and the majority of the student's parents' income is relatively low. The education of the student's parents has a significant effect on the student's social studies learning outcomes. The work of the student's parents had a significant effect on the student's social study learning outcomes with a score of p = 0.016. The income of the parents of students had a significant effect on the learning outcomes of social studies of students with a value of p = 0.017, the results of a double logistic regression analysis concluded that the socio-cultural and educational conditions of parents were simultaneously a significant and dominant (strong) influence on social study learning outcomes for students of class VII of Tanjungbalai State Junior High School 11 Tanjungbalai school year 2020/2021.

Predictors of uncertainty and unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccine in a sample of 22,139 fully vaccinated adults in the UK

Summary Background The continued success of the COVID-19 vaccination programme in the UK will depend on widespread uptake of booster vaccines. However, there is evidence of hesitancy and unwillingness to receive the booster vaccine, even in fully vaccinated adults. Identifying factors associated with COVID-19 booster vaccine intentions specifically in this population is therefore critical. Methods We used data from 22,139 fully vaccinated adults who took part in the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. Multinomial logistic regression examined longitudinal predictors of uncertainty and unwillingness (versus willingness) to receive a COVID-19 booster vaccine (measured 22 November 2021 to 6 December 2021), including (i) socio-demographic factors, (ii) COVID-19 related factors (e.g., having been infected with COVID-19), and (iii) initial intent to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in the four months following the announcement in the UK that the vaccines had been approved (2 December 2020 to 31 March 2021). Findings 4% of the sample reported that they were uncertain about receiving a COVID-19 booster vaccine, and a further 4% unwilling. Initial uncertainty and unwillingness to accept the first COVID-19 vaccine in 2020-21 were each associated with over five times the risk of being uncertain about and unwilling to accept a booster vaccine. Healthy adults (those without a pre-existing physical health condition) were also more likely to be uncertain or unwilling to receive a booster vaccine. In addition, low levels of current stress about catching or becoming seriously ill from COVID-19, consistently low compliance with COVID-19 government guidelines during periods of strict restrictions (e.g., lockdowns), lower levels of educational qualification, lower socio-economic position and age below 45 years were all associated with uncertainty and unwillingness. Interpretation Our findings highlight that there are a range of factors that predict booster intentions, with the strongest predictor being previous uncertainty and unwillingness. Two other concerning patterns also emerged from our results. First, administration of booster vaccinations may increase social inequalities in experiences of COVID-19 as adults from lower socio-economic backgrounds are also most likely to be uncertain or unwilling to accept a booster vaccine as well as most likely to be seriously affected by the virus. Second, some of those most likely to spread COVID-19 (i.e., those with poor compliance with guidelines) are most likely to be uncertain and unwilling. Public health messaging should be tailored specifically to these groups.

The interaction between social factors and adversities on self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal analysis of 49 227 UK adults

Background Little is known about which factors exacerbate and buffer the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related adversities on changes in thinking about and engaging in self-harm over time. Aims To examine how changes in four social factors contribute to changes in self-harm thoughts and behaviours over time and how these factors in turn interact with adversities and worries about adversities to increase risk for these outcomes. Method Data from 49 227 UK adults in the UCL COVID-19 Social Study were analysed across the first 59 weeks of the pandemic. Fixed-effects logistic regressions examined time-varying associations between social support quality, loneliness, number of days of face-to-face contact for >15 min and number of days phoning/video calling for ≥15 min with self-harm thoughts and behaviours. We then examined how these four factors in turn interacted with the total number of adversities and worries about adversity and how this affected outcomes. Results Increases in the quality of social support were associated with decreases in the likelihood of both outcomes, whereas greater loneliness was associated with an increase in their likelihood. Associations were less clear for telephone/video contact and face-to-face contact with outcomes. Social support buffered and loneliness exacerbated the impact of adversity experiences on self-harm behaviours. Conclusions These findings suggest the importance of the quality of one's social support network, rather than the mere presence of contact, for reducing the likelihood of self-harm behaviours in the context of COVID-19 pandemic-related adversity and worry.

Going outdoors, neighbourhood satisfaction and mental health and wellbeing during a COVID-19 lockdown: A fixed-effects analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic led to national lockdowns in countries around the world. Whilst lockdowns were shown to be effective in reducing the spread of disease, they were also associated with adverse effects on people’s mental health and wellbeing. Previous studies have suggested that time spent outside may have played a role in mitigating these negative effects, but research on this topic remains limited. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the longitudinal associations between going outdoors and people’s mental health and wellbeing during the first national lockdown (March-May 2020) in the UK. Data from 35,301 participants from the COVID-19 Social Study were analysed. Fixed effects regression was used to explore the longitudinal association between changes in going outdoors (the number of days spent outside) and changes in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, life satisfaction and loneliness. A range of household and neighbourhood moderators were examined. Results show that an increase in the number of days spent outside was associated with decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms and an increase in life satisfaction. No longitudinal association was found with loneliness. Further analysis revealed some moderating effects of household and neighbourhood factors, including living arrangement, perceived walkability satisfaction, and satisfaction with green space/park within neighbourhood. Overall, our analyses showed a positive association between going outdoors and improved mental health and wellbeing during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. Associations were more salient amongst people living with others, and those with greater satisfaction with their neighbourhood walkability and green spaces. These findings are important for formulating guidance for people to stay well at home during pandemics and for the on-going nature-based social prescribing scheme.

Social Capital and its Role in Community Affiliation (A Field Social Study in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate)

This study attempted to uncover the role that social capital plays in activating the culture of integration, community belonging and pride in national identity, in light of this, the present study aimed to reveal the nature of the concept of social capital, its development, its social dimensions, the mechanisms of its formation and its societal sources, it also discussed the issue of measuring social capital, reviewing a number of indicators that researchers have reached, as these indicators are: leadership level, public participation, cooperative relations network, trust capital, and membership of formal organizations, the study also tried to identify the changes that occurred to social structures such as family, relatives, neighbors, official and civil institutions, in addition to knowing the relationship between civil society and social capital in Iraqi society by studying the interaction of the study community members with civil society institutions in Iraq and their impact on the society’s stock of capital social. To achieve these aims, the researcher used several methodological procedures such as the case study approach in addition to activating the observation method. The approach was applied through an in-depth interview form and in order to that, the current study reached an important conclusion which is that social capital - that is, the social capabilities of the individual or society is of great importance in achieving social integration and social interaction and enhancing belonging to society and the homeland in a way that enhances the economic and social advancement of society.

Internet System Supporting the Work of Nurses in Long-Term Geriatric Care

The development of health sciences along with the continuous technological progress contribute to the emergence of web applications. There exist many applications supporting the work of doctors, whereas the market definitely lacks solutions supporting the work of nurses. This is particularly evident in long-term geriatric home care, in which the nursing specialization is developing rapidly. Care of elderly patients requires the nurse to collect medical documents from each visit. Considering the large number of diseases affecting elderly people and the number of required visits – which should exceed 4 a week – a decision was made to develop an Internet application supporting the work of nurses in long-term geriatric care. The application facilitates the process of geriatric patient description in order to eliminate the need for filling in paper medical records. This study presents the method of developing an Internet application supporting the work of nurses in long-term geriatric care. The software was developed based on an analysis of conclusions from a social study carried out in a group of 42 nurses providing geriatric long-term home medical care services in the district of Białystok, Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the features, functionality, and declarative interest in using the software. Conclusions from the analysis indicated that the attempt to develop the application had been justified. Moreover, conclusions from the social survey formed the basis for formulating the design assumptions. The web application was developed in the following technologies: HTML 5, CSS3, JavaScript, PHP 7, and MySQL. First, a prototype of the solution was tested in a XAMPP environment. After successful tests, the app was tested in a nursing practice. The obtained test results raise high hopes for potential commercialization of the application.

Peran Keadilan Prosedural dan Identitas Sosial Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Penerapan E-Tilang Di Jakarta (Analisis Kebijakan)

Some of the violations committed by the driver can lead to several things, which it is counter productive. According to Law No. 2 of 2009 on LLAJ (traffic and road transport) of Article 260 and Article 262 are authorized to take action against violations of traffic is the Indonesian National Police (Polri) and the Civil Servant Investigators. This study aims to assess specifically mengwnai research practice in the application of e-Ticketing system in PMJ scientifically to seek regulatory system is performed by the actors in the implementation of policies and policy arguments or opinions that develop in people who have an impact on the policy of the e-Ticketing. In this study using the method of policy analysis. Policy analysis is a social study which arranges its application in a systematic manner. There are two policies on the implementation of e-Ticketing, namely education and policy. In education there are three criteria, namely: Improving the quality of police officers, forming the image of the police, and educate the public, to inculcate a good identity and obey the law. As for policy namely a rule and punishment from police officers for extortionists or other offenders.