scholarly journals Both the inflammatory response and clinical outcome differ markedly between adults with pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis in a high HIV-1 prevalent setting in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C Wall ◽  
José Afonso Guerra-Assunção ◽  
Brigitte Denis ◽  
Matthew Scarborough ◽  
Katherine Ajdukiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Leukocyte Response ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractOutcomes from pneumococcal meningitis (PM) are worse than meningococcal meningitis (MM), particularly in settings with high HIV-1 prevalence, but the reasons are unknown. We compared inflammatory responses between PM and MM in Malawian adults.As compared to MM (n=27, 67% HIV-infected, mortality 11%), patients with PM (n=440, 84% HIV-infected, mortality 54%) were older, had strikingly lower CSF WCC, higher pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations and higher mortality. PM is characterized by significantly lower CSF WCC, but greater inflammation and higher mortality compared to MM. Mechanistic understanding of blunting of the CSF leukocyte response in PM in-vivo is required.

scholarly journals Active Components from Cassia abbreviata Prevent HIV-1 Entry by Distinct Mechanisms of Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5052
Author(s):  
Yue Zheng ◽  
Xian-Wen Yang ◽  
Dominique Schols ◽  
Mattia Mori ◽  
Bruno Botta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
3D Space ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

Cassia abbreviata is widely used in Sub-Saharan Africa for treating many diseases, including HIV-1 infection. We have recently described the chemical structures of 28 compounds isolated from an alcoholic crude extract of barks and roots ofC. abbreviata, and showed that six bioactive compounds inhibit HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the six compounds block HIV-1 entry into cells: oleanolic acid, palmitic acid, taxifolin, piceatannol, guibourtinidol-(4α®8)-epiafzelechin, and a novel compound named as cassiabrevone. We report, for the first time, that guibourtinidol-(4α®8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone inhibit HIV-1 entry (IC50 of 42.47 µM and 30.96 µM, respectively), as well as that piceatannol interacts with cellular membranes. Piceatannol inhibits HIV-1 infection in a dual-chamber assay mimicking the female genital tract, as well as HSV infection, emphasizing its potential as a microbicide. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) showed that pharmacophoric groups of piceatannol are strictly required to inhibit HIV-1 entry. By a ligand-based in silico study, we speculated that piceatannol and norartocarpetin may have a very similar mechanism of action and efficacy because of the highly comparable pharmacophoric and 3D space, while guibourtinidol-(4α®8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone may display a different mechanism. We finally show that cassiabrevone plays a major role of the crude extract of CA by blocking the binding activity of HIV-1 gp120 and CD4.

scholarly journals A Randomized Switch From Nevirapine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy to Single Tablet Rilpivirine/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Virologically Suppressed Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Rwandans

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean E. Collins ◽  
Philip M. Grant ◽  
Francois Uwinkindi ◽  
Annie Talbot ◽  
Eric Seruyange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background.  Many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients remain on nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) despite safety and efficacy concerns. Switching to a rilpivirine-based regimen is an alternative, but there is little experience with rilpivirine in sub-Saharan Africa where induction of rilpivirine metabolism by nevirapine, HIV subtype, and dietary differences could potentially impact efficacy. Methods.  We conducted an open-label noninferiority study of virologically suppressed (HIV-1 ribonucleic acid [RNA] < 50 copies/mL) HIV-1-infected Rwandan adults taking nevirapine plus 2 nucleos(t)ide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. One hundred fifty participants were randomized 2:1 to switch to coformulated rilpivirine-emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (referenced as the Switch Arm) or continue current therapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was HIV-1 RNA < 200 copies/mL at week 24 assessed by the US Food and Drug Administration Snapshot algorithm with a noninferiority margin of 12%. Results.  Between April and September 2014, 184 patients were screened, and 150 patients were enrolled; 99 patients switched to rilpivirine-emtricitabine-tenofovir, and 51 patients continued their nevirapine-based ART. The mean age was 42 years and 43% of participants were women. At week 24, virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA level <200 copies/mL) was maintained in 93% and 92% in the Switch Arm versus the continuation arm, respectively. The Switch Arm was noninferior to continued nevirapine-based ART (efficacy difference 0.8%; 95% confidence interval, −7.5% to +12.0%). Both regimens were generally safe and well tolerated, although 2 deaths, neither attributed to study medications, occurred in participants in the Switch Arm. Conclusions.  A switch from nevirapine-based ART to rilpivirine-emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate had similar virologic efficacy to continued nevirapine-based ART after 24 weeks with few adverse events.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Full-Genome Phylogenetics of Generalized Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impact of Missing Nucleotide Characters in Next-Generation Sequences

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1083-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Ratmann ◽  
Chris Wymant ◽  
Caroline Colijn ◽  
Siva Danaviah ◽  
Max Essex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Prediction of extended high viremia among newly HIV-1-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0192785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Powers ◽  
Matthew A. Price ◽  
Etienne Karita ◽  
Anatoli Kamali ◽  
William Kilembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals New Subtype B Containing HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant of sub-Saharan Africa Origin in Nigerian Men Who Have Sex With Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Billings ◽  
Gustavo H. Kijak ◽  
Eric Sanders-Buell ◽  
Nicaise Ndembi ◽  
Anne Marie OʼSullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Nigerian Men ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

Prognostic Value of Virological and Immunological Responses After 6 Months of Antiretroviral Treatment in Adults With HIV-1 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Luca ◽  
Maria Cristina Marazzi ◽  
Sandro Mancinelli ◽  
Susanna Ceffa ◽  
Anna Maria Doro Altan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

Study of bias in antenatal clinic HIV-1 surveillance data in a high contraceptive prevalence population in sub-Saharan Africa

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gregson ◽  
Nicola Terceira ◽  
Memory Kakowa ◽  
Peter R. Mason ◽  
Roy M. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document