scholarly journals Interacting fruit flies synchronize behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugne Klibaite ◽  
Joshua W. Shaevitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Unsupervised Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Preferences ◽  
Geometric Context ◽  
Behavioral Preference ◽  
Behavioral Mimicry

AbstractSocial behaviors are ubiquitous and crucial to an animal’s survival and success. The behaviors an animal performs in a social setting are affected by internal factors, inputs from the environment, and interaction with others. To quantify social behaviors, we need to measure both the stochastic nature of behavior of isolated individuals and how these behaviors change as a function of the environment and features of social interaction. We probed the behavior of male and female fruit flies in a circular arena as individuals and within all possible pairings. By combining measurements of the animals’ position in the arena with an unsupervised analysis of their behaviors, we fully define the effects of position in the environment and the presence of a partner on locomotion, grooming, singing, and other behaviors that make up an animal’s repertoire. We find that geometric context tunes behavioral preference, pairs of animals synchronize their behavioral preferences across trials, and paired individuals display signatures of behavioral mimicry.

scholarly journals Neuromodulation and Individuality

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Behavioral Preferences ◽  
Behavioral Preference ◽  
Do So

Within populations, individuals show a variety of behavioral preferences, even in the absence of genetic or environmental variability. Neuromodulators affect these idiosyncratic preferences in a wide range of systems, however, the mechanism(s) by which they do so is unclear. I review the evidence supporting three broad mechanisms by which neuromodulators might affect variability in idiosyncratic behavioral preference: by being a source of variability directly upstream of behavior, by affecting the behavioral output of a circuit in a way that masks or accentuates underlying variability in that circuit, and by driving plasticity in circuits leading to either homeostatic convergence toward a given behavior or divergence from a developmental setpoint. I find evidence for each of these mechanisms and propose future directions to further understand the complex interplay between individual variability and neuromodulators.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Preference of Stakeholders in the Utilization of Forest Resources

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Boyang Yu ◽  
Mingchuan Li ◽  
Bin Zheng ◽  
Xiaolu Liu ◽  
Lan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Behavioral Preferences ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Preference

The economic contribution of forest resources to the communities surrounding nature reserves cannot be ignored. The method for which to find a forest resource utilization path to balance the contradiction between local farmers’ economic development and ecological protection in the development of nature reserves is important. However, little attention has been given to the effect of forest resource users’ behavioral preferences on forest resource utilization. This study selected Wolong Nature Reserve as a case study and randomly interviewed different stakeholders with semi-structured questionnaires to investigate the differences in forest resource utilization patterns among stakeholders with different behavioral preferences. According to the results of multi-attribute decision analysis with behavioral preference, stakeholders form different behavioral preferences by judging their own resource endowment. With a change of in the behavioral preference value λ, when the behavioral preference of stakeholders is more pessimistic (λ = 0.1), cautious (λ = 0.3), or neutral (λ = 0.5), they are more inclined to choose the economically dominant forest resource utilization mode; when the behavioral preference of stakeholders is optimistic (λ = 0.7) or even radical (λ = 0.9), they choose the eco-economic or eco-dominant forest resource utilization mode, respectively. This study confirms that stakeholders’ behavioral preferences have an important impact on forest resource utilization patterns. Therefore, policy making should focus on improving the economic benefits of forest resources and providing alternative livelihoods, which will change the resource endowment of the stakeholders of nature reserve, guide them to turn to relatively optimistic behavioral preferences, enhance their awareness and motivation of ecological protection, and thereby improve forest conservation outcomes.

scholarly journals Homopteran Attendance by Wasps and Ants: The Stochastic Nature of Interactions

1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah K. Letourneau ◽  
Jae C. Choe
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Polistine Wasp ◽  
Multispecies Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Preference ◽  
Extensive Body

Associations of Hymenoptera with Homoptera have intrigued ecologists and evolutionary biologists as model systems of mutualism. The extensive body of literature, however, tends to be skewed to the interactions between ants and homopteran trophobionts in the Aphidae or Coccoidea (e.g., Kloft et al. 1965, Nixon 1951, Way 1963, Wilson 1971). In the following account we document a web of multispecies interactions within and between trophic levels, involving a species of wasp, several species of ants, and two species of Homoptera. This account is unique in the literature on Hymenoptera-Homoptera associations because it (1) addresses observable interference between hymenopteran attendants, (2) reports behavioral preference by homopterans for certain hymenopreran attendants, and (3) describes an interaction between a polistine wasp and an aetalionid planthopper. In addition, this study has general implications about the quality of diffuse and multiple associations between Homoptera and their honeydew foragers.

Chemosensory Attraction to Home Stream Water and Conspecifics by Native Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, from two Southern New England Streams

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaryLouise Keefe ◽  
Howard E. Winn
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Behavioral Preferences ◽  
Behavioral Preference ◽  
Freshwater Resident ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Preference Tests

Behavioral preference tests were used to determine whether native brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, from two distinct populations could chemically discriminate home stream water and stock-specific cues. Juveniles and adults from a local anadromous population demonstrated significant preferences for home stream water and conspecifics when these stimulants were paired with groundwater. However, these trout did not prefer home stream water when paired with water from an unfamiliar stream, nor chemical traces of sympatric juveniles when paired with those of allopatric juveniles. Juvenile brook trout from a freshwater resident population displayed the same chemosensory responses as the anadromous trout, although they demonstrated distinct seasonal differences in their behaviors. These landlocked juveniles also preferred home stream water when paired with water from an unfamiliar stream. Anosmic trout maintained significant preferences for home stream water and water conditioned by conspecifics over control water, indicating that olfaction is not necessary for these attractions. Gustation may have a role in the behavioral preferences of trout.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Fair Fuzzy Equilibrium Evaluation of Housing Expropriation Compensation from the Perspective of Behavioral Preference: A Case Study from China

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Cao ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Yucheng Zou ◽  
Kairong Hong ◽  
Yanwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Economic Man ◽  
Fairness Judgments ◽  
Behavioral Preferences ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Fair Compensation ◽  
Behavioral Preference ◽  
Case Data

With the rapid development of urbanization, substantial land areas and houses are expropriated, which can cause huge numbers of disputes related to expropriation compensation. The root of the disputes is that the associated subjects are affected by various behavioral preferences and make different cognitive fairness judgments based on the same compensation price. However, the existing expropriation compensation strategies based on the market value under the assumption of “the economic man” hypothesis cannot meet the fairness preference demands of the expropriated. Therefore, finding a compensation price that satisfies subjects’ multidimensional fairness preferences, including profit-seeking, loss aversion, and interactive fairness preferences, is necessary. Only in this way can the subjects reach an agreement regarding fair compensation and resolve their disputes. Because of the fuzziness of subjects’ expected revenues, this paper innovatively introduces trigonometric intuitional fuzzy numbers to construct one-dimensional and multidimensional fair fuzzy equilibrium evaluation models. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is adopted to convert a multidimensional problem into a multiattribute group decision problem, which simplifies the problem of finding multidimensional equilibrium when considering the multidimensional fairness preferences of the two subjects. Real case data are introduced to verify the validity of this method. The research results show that upward revision of the multidimensional fairness preferences based on the market value assists in achieving a fair compensation agreement. Consideration of the influence of the subjects’ multidimensional fairness preferences on the fairness equilibrium is conducive to resolving the disputes, and provides a reference for the settlement of expropriation compensation disputes in developing countries.

Perspectives on Judgment in a Social Setting

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Pitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Setting

School-Related Social Behaviors in Japanese High School Students

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Hagiwara ◽  
K. Roger Van Horn ◽  
Koji Tamase
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
School Students

The extrovert advantage: Promoting social connectedness through behavioral mimicry

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya L. Chartrand ◽  
Korrina Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Behavioral Mimicry

Zelig meets Zilstein: The effect of anxiety on nonconscious behavioral mimicry

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoel Inbar ◽  
Thomas Gilovich
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Mimicry
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