scholarly journals Homopteran Attendance by Wasps and Ants: The Stochastic Nature of Interactions

1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah K. Letourneau ◽  
Jae C. Choe

Associations of Hymenoptera with Homoptera have intrigued ecologists and evolutionary biologists as model systems of mutualism. The extensive body of literature, however, tends to be skewed to the interactions between ants and homopteran trophobionts in the Aphidae or Coccoidea (e.g., Kloft et al. 1965, Nixon 1951, Way 1963, Wilson 1971). In the following account we document a web of multispecies interactions within and between trophic levels, involving a species of wasp, several species of ants, and two species of Homoptera. This account is unique in the literature on Hymenoptera-Homoptera associations because it (1) addresses observable interference between hymenopteran attendants, (2) reports behavioral preference by homopterans for certain hymenopreran attendants, and (3) describes an interaction between a polistine wasp and an aetalionid planthopper. In addition, this study has general implications about the quality of diffuse and multiple associations between Homoptera and their honeydew foragers.

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (48) ◽  
pp. 27979-27986
Author(s):  
Kevin Scholten ◽  
Elric Engelage ◽  
Christian Merten

Using chiral tosylates as model systems we evaluate the effect of diffuse and polarization functions on the quality of predicted VCD and IR spectra. Polarization functions on sulfur are shown to be important to reliable determine ACs using VCD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S59-S60
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Mason ◽  
Emma L Gause ◽  
Helena Archer ◽  
Stephen H Sibbett ◽  
Radha K Holavanahalli ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Individual- and community-level socioeconomic disparities impact overall health and injury incidence, severity, and outcomes. However, the impact of community-level socioeconomic disparities on recovery after burn injury is unknown. We aimed to characterize the association between community-level socioeconomic disparities and health-related quality of life (HRQL) after burn injury. These findings might inform rehabilitation service delivery and policy making at administrative levels. Methods Participants with the NIDILRR Burn Model System who were ≥14 years with a zip code were included. Sociodemographic and injury characteristics and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and Veterans RAND (VR-12) physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores 6 months after injury were extracted. Data were deterministically linked by zip code to the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), which combines seven census-derived metrics into a single indicator of economic well-being that ranges from 0 (lowest distress) to 100 (highest distress). Multilevel linear regression models estimated the association between DCI and HRQL. Results The 342 participants were mostly male (239, 69%) had a median age of 48 years (IQR 33–57) and sustained a median burn size of 10% TBSA (IQR 3–28%). More than one-third of participants (117, 34%) lived in a neighborhood within the two most distressed quintiles. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and pre-injury HRQL, increasing neighborhood distress was negatively associated with PCS (ß-0.05, SE 0.02, p=0.01). Age and pre-injury PCS were also significantly associated with 6-month PCS. There was no association between neighborhood distress and 6-month MCS. However, pre-injury MCS was significantly associated with 6-month MCS (0.56, SE 0.07, p< 0.001). Conclusions Neighborhood distress is associated with lower PCS after burn injury but is not associated with MCS. Regardless of neighborhood distress, pre-injury HRQL is significantly associated with both PCS and MCS during recovery.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa A. Baker ◽  
Jan Clemens ◽  
Mala Murthy

Across the animal kingdom, social interactions rely on sound production and perception. From simple cricket chirps to more elaborate bird songs, animals go to great lengths to communicate information critical for reproduction and survival via acoustic signals. Insects produce a wide array of songs to attract a mate, and the intended receivers must differentiate these calls from competing sounds, analyze the quality of the sender from spectrotemporal signal properties, and then determine how to react. Insects use numerically simple nervous systems to analyze and respond to courtship songs, making them ideal model systems for uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying acoustic pattern recognition. We highlight here how the combination of behavioral studies and neural recordings in three groups of insects—crickets, grasshoppers, and fruit flies—reveals common strategies for extracting ethologically relevant information from acoustic patterns and how these findings might translate to other systems.


Author(s):  
Sergey Lupuleac ◽  
Nadezhda Zaitseva ◽  
Maria Stefanova ◽  
Sergey Berezin ◽  
Julia Shinder ◽  
...  

The paper presents a simulation of the Airbus A350-900 wing-to-fuselage assembly process. The latter is a complex multistage process where the compliant parts are being joined by riveting. The current research analyzes the quality of the temporary fastener arrangement. The fastener arrangement is being checked to ensure that the residual gap between joined parts is small, and the fastener loads closing the gap are calculated. The deviations of the part shape from nominal are modeled via initial gaps. A cloud of initial gaps is generated based on the statistical analysis of the available measurements assuming the stochastic nature of local gap roughness. Through the reduction of the corresponding contact problem to a quadratic programming (QP) problem and the use of efficient QP algorithms together with the task-level parallelism, the mass contact problem solving on refined grids is accomplished.


1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA A. REDLINGER ◽  
CAROLE S. SETSER

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 075
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini

Adolescence is the age of the solid changes. At this time of great confusion adolescents experience in reaching his true identity. This period was characterized by growth, change, the emergence of a variety of occasions, and often face reproductive health risks. Sexual activity places adolescents at risk of challenges to various reproductive health problems. One part of the youth are a group of teenagers who are in a community of street children. The hard life on the streets with the unfavorable situation in which street children have to survive, forcing them to become adults before their time. Although they are socially categorized as a child, but almost all of them to adopt forms of behavior as a sign of rebellion against the maturity of some of the expectations that have been defined and determined by the local community. By adopting the mature form of behavior, they do not deserve the actions that should be done to children their age, which includes pre-marital sex (free sex), sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), use of drugs, homosexuality, and violence sexual. Easily they can acquire knowledge about sex influence attitudes toward sexual behavior of street children (Nurharjadmo, 1999). The low awareness and lack of knowledge of street children is likely to be one cause. Necessary handling and kepeduliaan of all parties to help alleviate them from such circumstances. Development of street children, especially in reproductive health issues for this still largely done by volunteers who are not health perpendidikan. Thus the involvement of the nursing profession as nursing care providers considered very important. This is consistent with the role of the nurse as educator, facilitator, coordinator, health reformers and observers (the National Workshop on Nursing 1983). This study aims to analyze the influence of coaching to nursing approach to the theory of "System Model Behavior" of the quality of reproductive health behavior of female street children. Research using experimental designs with pre-draft "Pre and Post Test Design. The population in this study were all female street children in Malang with a sample of respondents who take part in reproductive health coaching. Data is collected with the questionnaire enclosed. The results of the research done in getting the data that the quality of reproductive health behavior of female street children before treatment is given the majority (80%) have good manners, the remainder (20%), including less well with the average value of 17.76. Whereas after given treatment to be better with an average increase in value to 20.68. The details are as many as 76% in both categories and 24% is very good. Wilcoxon match pair test results to explain the value Asymp.Sig test (2-tailed) or p-value <α, namely (0.000 <0.05), so it can be concluded that the act of coaching to nursing approach to the theory of Johnson Behavior Model System can increase the mean average quality of reproductive health behavior of female street children in  Malang.


2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Martinovic-Vitanovic ◽  
Snezana Ostojic ◽  
Natasa Popovic ◽  
Maja Rakovic ◽  
Vladimir Kalafatic

AbstractDetailed limnological study of the Lake Srebrno (Serbia) bottom fauna was performed in March 2007. Investigations included qualitative, quantitative, and saprobiological analysis of bottom fauna communities, physical and chemical analysis of sediments and determination of chlorophyll a concentration, as well as saprobic and trophic status analyses. Samples were collected at eighteen sites distributed along a shoreline and in deeper sections of the lake. Twenty taxa from nine macroinvertebrate groups were recorded. Family Chironomidae had the biggest index of participation, the highest species diversity and the largest density of populations in benthocenoses of Lake Srebrno. Faunistic similarity between sites was estimated according to Sorensen’s Quotient of Similarity (QS). The majority of benthocenoses - 56% showed a medium level of faunistic similarity (QS = 21-60%), and 42% of benthocenoses showed a high level of faunistic similarity (QS = 61-100%). The classification of Lake Srebrno based on saprobic and trophic levels was assessed. Saprobic level was in the range from alpha-meso- to poly-alpha-mesosaprobity. The water quality of the lake ranged from class III and between IV and III class. Generally, Lake Srebrno had eutrophic status with the gradation to hypertrophy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11(112)) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Maksym Serik ◽  
Olga Samokhvalova ◽  
Iryna Kholobtseva ◽  
Natalia Fedak ◽  
Olena Bolkhovitina ◽  
...  

This paper reports the results of studying the influence of two types of protein-mineral additives on the properties of butter biscuit emulsion. The additives are considered as a source of digestible calcium compounds and as a functional and technological component that can improve the quality of buttery flour products. The parameters for pre-hydration of additives in the environment of cow's milk for better implementation of their functional and technological characteristics have been substantiated. It was established that the use of protein-mineral additives in the manufacture of emulsions in the amount of up to 7 % leads to an increase in the emulsification capacity of model systems by 1.5...1.65 times. Improved emulsion resistance has been proven, in particular after heat treatment. It was established that using 5...7 % of the additive produces a pronounced thermal stabilizing effect. After heat treatment at a temperature of 90...95 °C during 3×60 s, when using the protein-mineral additive, a volume of the released water and fat phase increases by 12...25 %. When applying the improved additive, a volume of the released phases increases by 3...10 %. A lower degree of coalescence of the fat phase as part of the emulsion when using the improved protein-mineral additive was microscopically confirmed. The fact of increasing the effective viscosity of emulsions when using up to 7 % of the improved protein-mineral additive was established. This is a positive fact in terms of stabilizing the emulsions and improving their stability as one of the important factors related to the quality of finished flour confectionery. It was established that the improved form of the additive, due to the content of chondroitin sulfates, provides for a better effect on the characteristics of emulsions, which should have a positive influence on the quality of flour-based buttery products.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ITALA Gabriela Sobral SANTOS ◽  
Alex Souza Lira ◽  
Carolina da Silva Montes ◽  
Flávia Lucena Frédou ◽  
Rossineide Martins Rocha

Abstract The present study aimed at evaluating the environment quality of the Santa Cruz Channel estuary (area 1) and Sirinhaém river estuary (area 2), Northeastern Brazil, using histopathological biomarkers of liver and gills of fish species with different trophic levels as indicators. It was collected liver and gills from five species: Bairdiella ronchus (n=24) and Gobionellus stomatus (n=34) in the area 1; Caranx latus (n=35), Centropomus undecimalis (n=24) and Centropomus parallelus (n=29) from area 2. The liver showed several damages, such as, hepatic steatosis, necrosis, vacuolar degeneration, and infiltration. Centropomus undecimalis had the highest Histopathological Index of Liver (HIL). Gills exhibited moderate to severe alterations for all species, such as the lifting of epithelial cells, lamellar aneurysm, and rupture of the lamellar epithelium. Centropomus undecimalis in area 2 and G. stomatus in area 1 had the higher number of alterations in their organs. Both areas have been historically affected by mercury (Hg) pollution in área 1 and by the sugarcane industry in area 2 and the species used as biomarkers has been proven to be severely damaged in both estuaries. Species chosen in this study were considered good bioindicators of pollution and the combination of biomarkers methodologies in two organs, pioneering in the Northeastern of Brazil, was efficient in diagnosing the health status of the area using fish as bioindicator.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094
Author(s):  
Raphael Zanelato ◽  
Isabela da Cruz Bonatto ◽  
José Julio Barrios Restrepo ◽  
Rodrigo Costa Puerari ◽  
William Gerson Matias ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT This work’s objective was to verify the leachates toxicity from pilot reactors (PR) simulating a landfill containing different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Acute toxicity tests (48 h) with Daphnia magna were carried out in leachates containing 50, 150 and 450 mg AgNP.kg-1, in addition to a blank for control. Toxicity tests with the pure solution of silver nanoparticle and leachates resulted by the reactors were performed. The acute toxicity tests performed with D. magna confirmed the toxicity of the leachates, as well as confirmed that the silver nanoparticles are toxic, presenting EC50 (48 h) of 0.63 µg.L-1 of pure nanoparticle and ranging from 1.52 to 3.37% for the leachates. Overall, the results from the present study indicate that exposures of aquatic invertebrates to silver nanoparticles could have important ecological effects on lower trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems. The results may contribute to a better understanding of the quality of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachates, with reference to nanoparticle interference and consequent treatment efficiency.


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