scholarly journals Anterior corpus callosum modulates symmetric forelimb movements during spontaneous food handling behavior of rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Igarashi ◽  
Yumiko Akamine ◽  
Jeffery R Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Axonal Conduction ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Neural Transmission ◽  
Motor Actions

AbstractBimanual motor actions, such as threading a needle, require coordination of the movements of each hand according to the state of the other hand. By connecting homologous cortical regions between the two cerebral hemispheres, the corpus callosum is thought to play a key role in such bimanual coordination. However, direct experimental evidence of the contribution of the corpus callosum to natural behaviors requiring bimanual coordination, such as feeding, is lacking. We investigated the hypothesis that the corpus callosum mediates bimanual movements during food-handling behavior. We first traced the forelimb-related components of the motor corpus callosum in Long-Evans rats, and found that the callosal fiber bundle from the forelimb motor areas passes through the anterior part of the corpus callosum. We then confirmed by electrophysiological recordings that blocking the axonal conduction of fibers in the anterior corpus callosum reduced neural transmission between cortical forelimb areas. The causal role of corpus callosum in bimanual coordination was then tested by analyzing forelimb kinematics during object manipulation, before and after blocking axonal conduction in the anterior corpus callosum. We found the frequency of occurrence of symmetric bimanual movements was reduced by inhibition of anterior corpus callosum. In contrast, asymmetric bimanual movement was increased. Our findings suggest that the anterior corpus callosum coordinates the direction of bimanual movement.

scholarly journals Bimanual Movements and Chronic Stroke Rehabilitation: Looking Back and Looking Forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10858
Author(s):  
James H. Cauraugh ◽  
Nyeonju Kang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Movement Coordination ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Motor Actions

Executing voluntary motor actions in the upper extremities after a stroke is frequently challenging and frustrating. Although spontaneous motor recovery can occur, reorganizing the activation of the primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area takes a considerable amount of time involving effective rehabilitation interventions. Based on motor control theory and experience-dependent neural plasticity, stroke protocols centered on bimanual movement coordination are generating considerable evidence in overcoming dysfunctional movements. Looking backward and forward in this comprehensive review, we discuss noteworthy upper extremity improvements reported in bimanual movement coordination studies including force generation. Importantly, the effectiveness of chronic stroke rehabilitation approaches that involve voluntary interlimb coordination principles look promising.

scholarly journals Kinematic analysis of bimanual movements during food handling by head-fixed rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Igarashi ◽  
Jeff Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Forelimb Movement ◽  
Forelimb Movements

Bimanual coordination, in which both hands work together to achieve a goal, is crucial for the basic needs of life, such as gathering and feeding. Such coordinated motor skill is highly developed in primates, where it has been most extensively studied. Rodents also exhibit remarkable dexterity and coordination of forelimbs during food handling and consumption. However, rodents have been less commonly used in the study of bimanual coordination because of limited quantitative measuring techniques. In this article we describe a high-resolution tracking system that enables kinematic analysis of rat forelimb movement. The system is used to quantify forelimb movements bilaterally in head-fixed rats during food handling and consumption. Forelimb movements occurring naturally during feeding were encoded as continuous three-dimensional trajectories. The trajectories were then automatically segmented and analyzed, using a novel algorithm, according to the laterality of movement speed or the asymmetry of movement direction across the forelimbs. Bilateral forelimb movements were frequently observed during spontaneous food handling. Both symmetry and asymmetry in movement direction were frequently observed, with symmetric bilateral movements quantitatively more common. The proposed method overcomes a limitation in the precise quantification of bimanual coordination in rodents. This enables the use of powerful rodent-based research tools such as optogenetics and chemogenetics in the further investigation of neural mechanisms of bimanual coordination. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe a new method for quantifying and classifying three-dimensional, bilateral forelimb trajectories in head-fixed rats. The method overcomes limits on quantifying bimanual coordination in rats. When applied to kinematic analysis of food handling behavior, continuous forelimb trajectories were automatically segmented and classified. Bilateral forelimb movements were observed more frequently than unilateral movements during spontaneous food handling. Both symmetry and asymmetry in movement direction were frequently observed. However, symmetric bilateral forelimb movements were more common.

Interhemispheric connectivity between distinct motor regions as a window into bimanual coordination

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1791-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Hinder
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Interhemispheric Connectivity ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Bimanual Tapping

Performing coordinated bimanual movement is a fundamental feature of the human motor system, with imaging techniques revealing the involvement of an extensive network of motor regions in both hemispheres. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, Liuzzi et al. ( J Neurosci 31: 9111–9117, 2011) recently extended our understanding of the neural correlates of motor actions by showing that the nature of the interhemispheric connectivity between primary and premotor regions may influence motor performance during a bimanual tapping task.

Dissociation of Spatial and Temporal Coupling in the Bimanual Movements of Callosotomy Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Franz ◽  
James C. Eliassen ◽  
Richard B. Ivry ◽  
Michael S. Gazzaniga
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Movement Onset ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Temporal Coupling ◽  
Spatial Interference

The neural mechanisms of limb coordination were investigated by testing callosotomy patients and normal control subjects on bimanual movements Normal subjects produced deviations in the trajectories when spatial demands for the two hands were different, despite temporal synchrony in the onset of bimanual movements Callosotomy patients did not produce spatial deviations, although their hands moved with normal temporal synchrony Normal subjects but not callosotomy patients exhibited large increases in planning and execution time for movements with different spatial demands for the two hands relative to movements with identical spatial demands for the two hands This neural dissociation indicates that spatial interference in movements results from callosal connections, whereas temporal synchrony in movement onset does not rely on the corpus callosum

scholarly journals Acceleration of conduction velocity linked to clustering of nodal components precedes myelination

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. E321-E328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. Freeman ◽  
Anne Desmazières ◽  
Jean Simonnet ◽  
Marie Gatta ◽  
Friederike Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Axonal Conduction ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Single Axon ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Saltatory Conduction ◽  
Insight Into

High-density accumulation of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels at nodes of Ranvier ensures rapid saltatory conduction along myelinated axons. To gain insight into mechanisms of node assembly in the CNS, we focused on early steps of nodal protein clustering. We show in hippocampal cultures that prenodes (i.e., clusters of Nav channels colocalizing with the scaffold protein ankyrinG and nodal cell adhesion molecules) are detected before myelin deposition along axons. These clusters can be induced on purified neurons by addition of oligodendroglial-secreted factor(s), whereas ankyrinG silencing prevents their formation. The Nav isoforms Nav1.1, Nav1.2, and Nav1.6 are detected at prenodes, with Nav1.6 progressively replacing Nav1.2 over time in hippocampal neurons cultured with oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. However, the oligodendrocyte-secreted factor(s) can induce the clustering of Nav1.1 and Nav1.2 but not of Nav1.6 on purified neurons. We observed that prenodes are restricted to GABAergic neurons, whereas clustering of nodal proteins only occurs concomitantly with myelin ensheathment on pyramidal neurons, implying separate mechanisms of assembly among different neuronal subpopulations. To address the functional significance of these early clusters, we used single-axon electrophysiological recordings in vitro and showed that prenode formation is sufficient to accelerate the speed of axonal conduction before myelination. Finally, we provide evidence that prenodal clusters are also detected in vivo before myelination, further strengthening their physiological relevance.

Cross talk in implicit assignment of error information during bimanual visuomotor learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1218-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Kasuga ◽  
Daichi Nozaki
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Credit Assignment ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Movement Error ◽  
Cursor Position ◽  
The Right

When a neural movement controller, called an “internal model,” is adapted to a novel environment, the movement error needs to be appropriately associated with the controller. However, their association is not necessarily guaranteed for bimanual movements in which two controllers—one for each hand—result in two movement errors. Considering the implicit nature of the adaptation process, the movement error of one hand can be erroneously associated with the controller of the other hand. Here, we investigated this credit-assignment problem in bimanual movement by having participants perform bimanual, symmetric back-and-forth movements while displaying the position of the right hand only with a cursor. In the training session, the cursor position was gradually rotated clockwise, such that the participants were unaware of the rotation. The movement of the right hand gradually rotated counterclockwise as a consequence of adaptation. Although the participants knew that the cursor reflected the movement of the right hand, such gradual adaptation was also observed for the invisible left hand, especially when the cursor was presented on the left side of the display. Thus the movement error of the right hand was implicitly assigned to the left-hand controller. Such cross talk in credit assignment might influence motor adaptation performance, even when two cursors are presented; the adaptation was impaired when the rotations imposed on the cursors were opposite compared with when they were in the same direction. These results indicate the inherent presence of cross talk in the process of associating action with consequence in bimanual movement.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Functional consequences of a section of the anterior part of the body of the corpus callosum: evidence from an interhemispheric transcallosal approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 260 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1199
Author(s):  
Johann Peltier ◽  
Martine Roussel ◽  
Yasmina Gerard ◽  
Maryse Lassonde ◽  
Hervé Deramond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transcallosal Approach ◽  
Functional Consequences

scholarly journals MANIFESTATION OF THE STATE OF MONOTONY WHEN PERFORMING ARBITRARY PURPOSEFUL BIMANUAL MOVEMENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
N.I. Sokolova ◽  
◽  
P.V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
The State ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Operator Tasks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Coordination Patterns ◽  
Different Levels

Bimanual coordination is necessary for successful performance of monotonous activities accompanied by monotonous complex-coordinated movements. Different types of complex operator tasks require a variety of coordination patterns with different levels of interaction between attention and hand movements. The article presents the results of studying the state of monotony when performing purposeful fine manipulative movements, considering the individual features of perception. The developed method of studying bimanual coordination allows us to establish the development of fatigue and monotony, which directly depends on the psychophysiological characteristics of a person.

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