scholarly journals The effect of alien species on plant-pollinator network structure across a gradient of plant species invasion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Parra-Tabla ◽  
Diego Angulo-Pérez ◽  
Cristopher Albor ◽  
María José Campos-Navarrete ◽  
Juan Tun-Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Trait Similarity ◽  
Plant Pollinator

AbstractThe interactions between pairs of native and alien plants via shared use of pollinators have been widely studied. Studies of invasive species effects at the community level on the other hand are still scarce. Few community level studies, however, have considered how differences in the intensity of invasion, and degree of floral trait similarity between native and invasive species, can mediated effects on native plant-pollinator communities. Here, we evaluated the effect of alien species on overall plant-pollinator network structure, and species-level network parameters, across nine coastal communities distributed along 205 km at Yucatán, México that vary in alien species richness and flower abundance. We further assessed the effect of alien plant species on plant-pollinator network structure and robustness via computational simulation of native and invasive plant extinction scenarios. We did not find significant differences between native and alien species in functional floral phenotypes, the visitation rate and species composition of the pollinator community. Variation in the proportion of alien plant species and flower abundance across sites did not affect plant-pollinator networks structure. Species-level network parameters (i.e., normalized degree and nestedness contribution) did not differ between native and alien species. Furthermore, our simulation analyses revealed that alien species are functionally equivalent to native species and contribute equally to network structure and robustness. Overall, our results suggest that alien species are well integrated into native coastal plant-pollinator networks which may be facilitated by high levels of floral trait similarity and pollinator use overlap. As a result, alien species may play a similar role than that of natives in the structure and stability of native plant and pollinator communities in the studied coastal sand dune ecosystem.

scholarly journals Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determine their spatial distribution: a case study in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minwoo Oh ◽  
Yoonjeong Heo ◽  
Eun Ju Lee ◽  
Hyohyemi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Cold Spots

Abstract Background As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent, making them a general problem globally. Anthropogenic activities and climate change have led to alien species becoming distributed beyond their native range. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, with the density of individuals varying across locations. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects invaded ecosystems; thus, strategic management plans must be established to control them effectively. To this end, this study evaluated hotspots and cold-spots in the degree of distribution of invasive alien plant species, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were identified. We analyzed 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plant species collected through a national survey of alien species using the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as area under the curve (AUC) values, respectively. Hotspots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju Island. Hotspots were generally found where the highest maximum summer temperature, winter precipitation, and road density were observed. In contrast, seasonality in temperature, annual temperature range, precipitation during summer, and distance to rivers and the sea were negatively correlated to hotspots. The model showed that functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by environmental factors. Species with a higher specific leaf area were found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species were associated with a larger annual temperature range. Heavier seed mass was associated with a maximum summer temperature > 29 °C. Conclusions This study showed that hotspots contained 2.1 times more alien plants on average than cold-spots. Hotspots of invasive plants tended to appear under less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. In addition, disturbance by anthropogenic factors and water flow positively affected hotspots. These results were consistent with previous reports on the ruderal and competitive strategies of invasive plants, not the stress-tolerant strategy. Our results supported that the functional traits of alien plants are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters. Therefore, to control alien plants effectively, the occurrence of disturbed sites where alien plants can grow in large quantities should be minimized, and the waterfront of rivers must be managed.

scholarly journals Connections of alien birds species with alien plants of parks and botanical gardens

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
T. V. Shupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Forest Parks

Introduction. In urban conditions, alien species of biota have become an integral part of the cultural landscape. Today, an overall assessment of the influence of alien species on the functioning of ecosystems of their secondary range as is relevant. Such an assessment requires knowledge of the connections formed by alien species in the secondary habitat. The purpose of the study was to find the connections of alien bird species with alien plant species in the parks and botanical gardens of Kyiv. Methods. Assessment was carried out in 10 forest parks, 3 botanical gardens, and 14 urban parks. In parks and botanical gardens, there is a wide range of plants alien to Kyiv Region, in contrast to forest parks. The number and distribution of birds were determined using the method of transect counts. The total area under study was about 370 hectares. Principal Component Analysis of the characteristics of habitats on which the number of alien birds may depend has been carried out. In the research, α-diversity indices of bird communities; number of people (individuals/km); number of pets (individuals/km); park’s area (ha); part of the territory; under the trees (%); part of alien species on plants communities (%) were analyzed. Results. Parus major, Turdus merula, Erithacus rubecula, Fringilla сoelebs dominate in all communities. Columba palumbus, Ficedula albicollis, Turdus pilaris, Columba livia, Apus apus, Sturnus vulgaris, Passer domesticus sometimes dominate in bird communities in parks and botanical gardens. There are no alien species in forest parks. 4 alien species nest in parks and botanical gardens: Streptopelia decaocto, Dendrocopos syriacus, Phoenicurus ochruros, Serinus serinus (from the last century). Phylloscopus trochiloides was observed for the first time. Nesting of Ph. trochiloides was not confirmed. Alien birds are not evenly distributed (0–3 species). Nest density is low: S. decaocto 0.013±0.01–0.021±0.01, D. syriacus 0.031±0.01–0.043±0.04, Ph. ochruros 0–0.034±0.02, S. serinus 0.013±0.01–0.017±0.01. We assume that alien bird species is an element that replaces the species that were eliminated from the community. Their nesting in forest parks is an indicator of a disruption of the functioning of the forest ecosystem as a result of anthropogenic transformation of the forest. The presence of alien species of birds in modern parks and botanical gardens is normal. Their biotopes were created on the sites of destroyed landscapes and with using alien plant species. Conclusion. In parks and botanical gardens, a specific structure of the plant community has developed due to the introduction of alien plant species, with a tree height of 3–5 m. As a consequence, alien birds find nesting stations in communities of nesting birds, which were not occupied by native species due to the absence of many species of tree canopy nesters and ground nesters birds. Alien species of birds also get access to vacant food resources. Alien birds use vacant resources. It was found that the area of parks has the most profound positive impact on the number of species of alien birds (+0.517), as well as the ratio of alien birds (+0.227). Other important correlations observed were the following: the number of species of alien birds in the bird communities – a part of alien species in plant communities (+0.084), the ratio of alien birds – part of alien species in plant communities (+0.041). The strongest negative connection is as follows: the number of species of alien birds in the bird communities – the number of pets (-0.213), the ratio of alien birds – the number of pets (-0.384).

scholarly journals Status and impacts of invasive alien plant species in Parsa National Park, central Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chaudhary ◽  
B. B. Shrestha ◽  
H. Thapa ◽  
M. Siwakoti
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant

Extent of plant invasions has been expected to be low in protected areas such as national parks due to low anthropogenic activities and high wilderness. However, recent researches across the world have revealed that plant invasions can be severe in the national parks with negative impacts on the protected species and ecosystems. Unfortunately, the status of plant invasions in the national parks of Nepal is mostly unknown. In this study, we sampled at seven locations inside the Parsa National Park (PNP) to document diversity and abundance of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) and their impacts on tree regeneration. Altogether, 130 quadrats of 10 m × 10 m were sampled. We recorded 14 IAPS in the PNP. Three of the IAPS (Chromolana odorata, Lantana camara and Mikania micrantha) were among the 100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species. C. odorata was found to be the most frequent IAPS with the highest cover. The frequency and cover of the IAPS were higher at the sites close to the settlements than at the sites away from the settlements. The species richness of the IAPS was also higher at the sites closer to the settlements than away. The sapling density of the tree species was found to have declined with the increasing cover of the IAPS suggesting that the IAPS had negatively affected tree regeneration. Our data revealed that the PNP has already witnessed massive plant invasions with widespread occurrence of three of the world’s worst invasive species. Therefore, it is high time to integrate management of invasive alien species in the management plan of the park.

scholarly journals Improving Checklists of Alien Plants with Digitised Herbarium Collections: The Example of D.R. Congo (Africa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Bordbar ◽  
Pierre Meerts
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Abstract The Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R. Congo) represents a striking gap of knowledge on alien plant species. In this paper, we use digitised herbarium collections to assemble a checklist of alien plant species in D.R. Congo and to examine patterns in the alien flora. The new checklist comprises 426 alien species i.e., 182 (42.5%) casuals, 244 (57.5%) naturalised of which 80 (19% of aliens) are invasive. Discrepancies with previous databases are discussed. For many species in previous databases, we failed to find evidence for occurrence outside cultivation. A total of 158 taxa were not included in previous lists, 44 of which are new to D.R. Congo. Considering the size of the country and its rich native flora, the alien flora of D.R. Congo does not appear to be species rich. The alien flora is particularly rich in Fabaceae (15%) and in annual species (36%). America is by far the most important source continent (65%) and the proportion of annuals of American origin is particularly large among the most widespread species. Invasive success is discussed in terms of residence time. The very low number of new species records after 1960 is most likely accounted for by decreasing sampling effort. The results illustrate how herbarium collections can be used to critically revise existing checklists of alien species in tropical Africa. Field work is urgently needed to improve coverage of recent introductions and to monitor the status of alien species, especially in protected areas and around botanic gardens.

scholarly journals Origins of Alien Species and Plant Invasion in India as Tapped from Kurma Purana

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Dinkarrao Amrutrao Patil
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Indian Territory ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Literary Heritage

Ancient Sanskrit Puranas are literary heritage of India. They are studied from different perspectives but appeared largely neglected from the viewpoint of plant invasion in Indian territory. The present attempt dealt with the alien plant species as encoded in Sanskrit plant names in various verses of Kurma Purana. As many as 24 alien plant species belong to 23 genera of 16 families of angiosperms. They are analysed carefully floristically, habital categories and status regarding cultivation or naturalization. They are also studied for their nativity consulting relevant taxonomic literature. The data indirectly also indicated about utilities and awareness about classification of plants based on habits. Such investigations are warranted for better understanding of the development of natural wealth in past.

scholarly journals Chromosome numbers in some alien plant species of Novosibirsk Region: post II

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Zykova ◽  
Tatyana V. Pankova (An’kova)
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Nepeta Cataria ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
First Time

Chromosome numbers (2n) for 12 alien species (Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Campanulaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Onagraceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae) from the Novosibirsk Region are given. For the first time for Russia, the number of chromosomes of Xanthogalum purpurascens (2n = 22) is given, for Siberia – Nepeta cataria (2n = 34), Malva pusilla (2n = 42) and Koenigia weyrichii subsp. weyrichii (2n = 20). For all studied species, short information on the general distribution and dispersal in the Novosibirsk Region, literature data on the number of chromosomes from the territory of Russia are presented.

scholarly journals Spread of alien plant species in the habitats of the Ukrainian Forest Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Nataliia Pashkevych ◽  
Raisa Burda
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Widespread Species

Abstract In order to assess the level of anthropogenic transformation of the vegetation cover of the nature protected areas located within the Ukrainian Forest Steppe, we have analysed the distribution of alien species in natural and anthropogenic habitats. All recorded species are represented in habitats shaped by human activity: dominated by phanerophytes, which included deciduous and coniferous woodlands as well as shrublands of Rhamno-Prunetea class. The same number of species was found in grassland habitats and is caused by the huge number of potential ecological niches as a result of the complex structure and also by the proximity of transportation networks and watercourses. Biotopes of chamaephytes and nanophanerophytes, though being represented in all the studied sites, often have a very narrow ecological amplitude and occupy small areas, making it difficult for alien species to spread. About one-third of species were recorded across at least three habitat types; such species may be considered eurytopic in their secondary ranges. Most widespread species were Fallopia convolvulus L., Vicia angustifolia Reichard, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronqist, Phalacroloma annuum (L.) Dumort. and Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. At the same time, there was not a single species that would have occurred in all habitat types. In sum, agricultural lands and ruderal biotopes were highly invaded; three times less alien plant species occurred in woodlands, shrublands, grasslands and wasteland; and only small number of non-native species were restricted to continental water habitats.

scholarly journals Non-native species in the vascular flora of highlands and mountains of Iceland

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Wasowicz
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Vascular Plant Species

The highlands and mountains of Iceland, defined here as areas located above 400 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.) are one of the largest remaining wilderness areas in Europe. The present study was aimed to provide the first comprehensive and up-to-date data on non-native plant species from this region. The study was aimed to answer the following questions: (1) How many non-native vascular plant species inhabit highland and mountainous environments in Iceland? (2) Do temporal trends in alien species immigration to Iceland and highland areas differ? (3) Do human disturbed and undisturbed areas within Icelandic highlands differ in terms of alien species occurrence? (4) Is spread within the highland areas a second step in alien plant colonization? and (5) Can we point out hot-spots in the distribution of non native taxa within highlands? Overall, 16 non-native vascular plant species were detected, including 11 casuals and 5 naturalized taxa (1 invasive). Results showed that temporal trends in alien species immigration to Iceland and to highland areas are similar, but it is clear that the process of colonization of highland areas is still in its initial phase. It was evidenced that non-native plants tend to occur close to man-made infrastructure and buildings including huts, shelters, road network etc. Analysis of spatio-temporal patterns showed that the spread within highland areas is a second step in non-native plant colonization in Iceland. Several statically significant hot spots of alien plant occurrences were be identified using Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and linked to human disturbance. This research suggests that human-mediated dispersal is the main driving force increasing the risk of invasion in Icelandic highlands and mountain areas.

scholarly journals Additions and Corrections to the List of Alien Plant Species of Lithuania

Botanica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Zigmantas Gudžinskas
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
The Status ◽  
Leymus Racemosus ◽  
Kaliningrad Region

AbstractAddition of nine alien plant species and correction of the taxonomic position of one alien species was provided in this publication. Occurrence of three species, Gossypium hirsutum, Leymus racemosus and Senna obtusifolia, has not been reported in Lithuania, yet. Gossypium hirsutum and Senna obtusifolia are casual grain immigrants and their naturalization in the country is unlikely. Leymus racemosus probably has spread to Lithuania from Kaliningrad region of Russia, where it has been introduced intentionally. Currently, this species is treated as naturalized in the Curonian Spit (Western Lithuania). The status of Bellis perennis, which previously had variously been treated as native or alien species in Lithuania, was discussed. Although Malus domestica, Medicago ×varia, Oenothera casimiri and Salix ×fragilis have been reported occurring in Lithuania long ago, their status in the country has not been clearly defined. Considering non-native origin of one or both parental species of these four species, they also should be treated as alien in the country. Based on the results of taxonomic treatments, the occurrence of Salix euxina in Lithuania was confirmed. Cultivated and escaped plants, formerly known under the name Aronia melanocarpa, in fact are intergeneric hybrids and should be treated as ×Sorbaronia mitschurinii. Distribution, habitats, naturalization and impact of ten alien species were discussed. Notes on the taxonomy of several alien species were presented. Comments on improper documentation of several published molecular studies were presented and problems of the result interpretation were discussed.

scholarly journals A classification system for predicting invasiveness using climatic niche traits and global distribution models: application to alien plant species in Chile

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Ramiro O. Bustamante ◽  
Lúa Alves ◽  
Estefany Goncalves ◽  
Milen Duarte ◽  
Ileana Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Plant Invasiveness

Functional traits that predict plant invasiveness are a central issue in invasion ecology. However, in many cases they are difficult to determine, especially for a large set of species. Climatic niche traits can overcome this problem due to the ease of acquiring them for a large number of species. This effort is critical given that knowledge of species invasiveness is necessary (although not sufficient) to anticipate/manage invasive species. In this study, we examined thermal and hydric niche traits to predict plant invasiveness. We used a set of 49 alien plant species, representative of the alien flora of Chile. Niche traits were obtained using environmental information (WorldClim) and global occurrences. Invasiveness was estimated using global niche models and projection of the potential distribution in Chile. As a final step, we reviewed the literature for a subset of species, documenting their impacts on a) biodiversity, b) crop agriculture and c) livestock. Thermal niche breadth and thermal niche position were the most important niche traits to predict potential distribution (a proxy of invasiveness). Using thermal niche breadth and niche position traits, we constructed a graphical model that classifies alien species as highly invasive (wide thermal niche breadth and low niche position) or low potential to be invasive (narrow niche breadth and high niche position). We also found no association between our invasiveness classification and the documented impact of alien species.

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