scholarly journals A survey of biosecurity measures applied on dairy cattle farms in Spain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Villaamil ◽  
Ignacio Arnaiz ◽  
Alberto Allepuz ◽  
Mikel Molins ◽  
Mercedes Lázaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
Cattle Farms

AbstractAttention to biosecurity has been highlighted as the most important measure to reduce and prevent the introduction of diseases to farms. There is little published information about the biosecurity of dairy cattle in Spain. We therefore aimed to assess and characterize the current application of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms in Spain, and relate these to bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. From July 2017 to April 2018, data on biosecurity measures for 124 dairy herds were collected using a questionnaire. We also assessed the sanitary status of these farms (efficacy of measures implemented against both diseases using antibody ELISA. Data were analyzed descriptively, and using multiple correspondence analysis and a two-step cluster analysis. Measures to prevent disease introduction were often poorly implemented. Three main clusters of farms were identified: Clusters 1 and 2 included herds of small and intermediate sizes, respectively. These, particularly cluster 1, showed the most deficiencies in the control of vehicles and visitors. However, individual purchases usually involved low numbers of animals, especially in cluster 2, and animals were tested for bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis at their places of origin or on arrival at farms. Farms in clusters 1 and 2 were frequently under voluntary control programs. Cluster 3 had the largest herd sizes, with somewhat better biosecurity control of vehicles and visitors. However, farms in this cluster also purchased the most animals, sometimes without testing, and hired external workers most often. Farms in cluster 1 showed the best sanitary level, followed by clusters 2 and 3. Collecting data such as these is an important first step to identification of biosecurity shortcomings, and to structuring of adequate follow-up to ensure that measures are implemented correctly on farms in Spain.

scholarly journals A survey of biosecurity measures and serological status for bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 on dairy cattle farms in north-west and north-east Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Villaamil ◽  
Ignacio Arnaiz ◽  
Alberto Allepuz ◽  
Miquel Molins ◽  
Mercedes Lazaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Current Application ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Cattle Farms

BackgroundBiosecurity is a key measure to reduce and prevent the introduction of diseases to farms and minimise spread of diseases within a herd. The aim of the study was to characterise the current application of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms in Spain along with their bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis status.MethodsData on biosecurity measures for 124 dairy herds were collected using a questionnaire. The sanitary status of these farms for bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis was also assessed using antibody ELISA. Data were analysed using multiple correspondence analysis and a two-step cluster analysis.ResultsThree main clusters of farms were identified: clusters 1 and 2 included herds of small and intermediate sizes. These, particularly cluster 1, showed the most deficiencies in the control of vehicles and visitors. However, laboratory tests were always performed on purchased animals. Cluster 3 had the largest herd sizes, with somewhat better biosecurity control of vehicles and visitors. However, farms in this cluster also purchased the most animals, sometimes without testing, and hired external workers more often.ConclusionThe study indicated that, in the study population, there are serious shortcomings in the application of biosecurity measures on dairy farms, exposing them to disease transmission. This survey also highlights regional and herd size-related differences in the implementation of biosecurity. Collecting data is an important first step to identification of specific weaknesses in different farm typologies, and an adequate follow-up is needed to ensure that measures are implemented correctly on farms.

scholarly journals Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Van Duijn ◽  
Inge Santman-Berends ◽  
Marit Biesheuvel ◽  
Jet Mars ◽  
Frederik Waldeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Cattle Movements ◽  
Free Status ◽  
Parameters Of Interest

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is controlled in many countries by detection and culling of persistently infected (PI) animals. The most important risk factor for BVDV introduction is purchase. An introduced cow can be PI and transmit the virus to other cattle in the herd. If she is not PI but is pregnant, there is still a risk because the subsequently born calf may be PI, when she encountered the virus in early pregnancy. To control this risk, all cows > 1 year from non-BVDV-free herds that are introduced in herds that participate in the Dutch BVDV control program are tested for virus and antibodies. Depending on the results, subsequent measures such as suspension of the BVDV-free status, removing the animals from the herd, or testing the off-spring of the cow for virus, are undertaken. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of this risk mitigating measure. Data on cattle movements, calving's, herd-level BVDV status, and animal-level test data were available from all dairy herds that participated in the national BVDV control program (>14,000 dairy herds) for the year 2019. The data were combined and parameters of interest were calculated, i.e., (i) the number of purchased BVD virus positive cattle and (ii) the number of BVD virus positive calves born from purchased cows within 9 months after introduction. In 2019, 217,301 cattle were introduced in Dutch dairy herds that participated in the BVDV control program. Of these, 49,820 were tested for presence of BVD virus and 27 (0.05%) cows introduced in 21 different herds tested BVD virus positive. Out of 46,727 cattle that were tested for antibodies, 20.5% tested positive. The seropositive cows produced 4,341 viable calves, of which 3,062 were tested for virus and subsequently, 40 (1.3%) were found BVD virus positive. These 40 BVD virus positive calves were born in 23 herds. The risk mitigating measure led to detection of 67 BVD virus positive animals in 44 unique herds in 2019. This study makes plausible that the probability and impact of re-introduction of BVDV can be minimized by testing introduced cattle and their subsequently born calves.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus from dairy cattle farms in Gyeongnam southern area, Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Jong-Sik Park ◽  
Jong-Kyu Park ◽  
Eun-Jung Cho ◽  
Eun-Gyeong Kim ◽  
Jong-Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Cattle Farms

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis and spatial distribution of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in dairy cattle from Galicia (NW Spain)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e0503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Eiras ◽  
Manuel Cerviño ◽  
Eduardo Yus ◽  
Ignacio Arnaiz ◽  
Francisco J. Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Aim of study: To examine the frequency and diversity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses infecting dairy cattleArea of study: The study was carried out in Galicia (NW Spain), the main dairy cattle area of SpainMaterial and methods: A total of 157 BVDV isolates (from 140 dairy herds) were typed. Typing was based on a 288-bp sequence from the 5′ untranslated region of viral RNA genome. Subsequently, to investigate whether the presence of herds diagnosed with a particular strain was higher in some areas or during some specific time period, data were tested using a Bernouille approachMain results: Of the 157 isolates, 137 (87.3%) were typed as BVDV-1b, 10 (6.4%%) as 1d, 7 (4.4%) as 1e and 2 (1.3%) as 1f. One isolate was assigned to type 1p. Three of the strains found in the study (the three belonging to type 1b) showed significant spatial clustering.Research highlights: This report indicates that BVDV-1b was the predominant species, although there was an important genetic diversity in the study population. Spatial analysis indicated important drawbacks in the application of biosecurity measures, especially as regards purchase of cattle or after the reintroduction of animals from cattle concentration points.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bovines persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in dairy cattle herds in Paraná State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara B. Freitas ◽  
Avelino M.F. Correa ◽  
Altair A. Valotto ◽  
Nicoly N. Marcom ◽  
Laís R. Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of animals persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in dairy farms at Parana State, Brazil. Samples were collected from 6,465 female Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle, including animals less than two years old, females over two years old who had not given birth at the farm, and mothers of calves diagnosed as persistently infected. The cattle came from 40 dairy herds distributed in 10 municipalities in the State of Paraná. The samples were obtained from May 2015 to August 2018. The diagnosis of PI animals was made with an antigen-capture ELISA test. We detected PI animals in fifteen herds sampled (37.5%), ranging from one to sixteen animals per herd. The prevalence in Parana State’s municipalities was 1.78%, ranging from 0.3 to 8.9% at positive herds. The analysis of the individual herds shows significant dissemination of the BVDV in Parana’s municipalities, including endemic areas. With this, we highlight the need for measures to raise awareness among producers about the existence and importance of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in dairy herds, reinforcing the PI animals’ role in disease epidemiology and the economic impact caused by the maintenance of these farm animals.

scholarly journals Identification and genotyping of a new subtype of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 isolated from cattle with diarrhea

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262
Author(s):  
Bin Tian ◽  
Dongjie Cai ◽  
Weiqiang Li ◽  
Qinglong Bu ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Genetic Subtype ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Subtype 1B

AbstractIn 2019, diarrhea cases occurred on cattle farms in Qionglai and Guang'an, Sichuan Province. Two out of 20 (10%) serum and nasal swab samples were positive when tested using a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen-capture ELISA kit. Two non-cytopathic strains of BVDV were isolated and named QL1903 and GA190608, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of the genomes of the two isolates were 89.52% identical. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5'-UTR sequence revealed that the BVDV isolate QL1903 belonged to BVDV subtype 1b, whereas isolate GA190608 clustered with strains HN1814, EN-19, and BJ09_26 in a separate branch, which has tentatively been classified as a new genetic subtype, "1v".

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in dairy cattle herds in northeast Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theerakul Nilnont ◽  
Suneerat Aiumlamai ◽  
Kwankate Kanistanont ◽  
Chaidate Inchaisri ◽  
Jaruwan Kampa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals Vaccination Failure in Eradication and Control Programs for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Antos ◽  
Pawel Miroslaw ◽  
Jerzy Rola ◽  
Miroslaw Pawel Polak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
And Control

Vaccination against bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the key elements to protect cattle herds from this economically important disorder. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus infecting animals at all ages with significant impact on reproductive, digestive, and respiratory systems. Financial burden caused by this pathogen prompts many farmers to introduce vaccination as the control and prophylactic measure especially when persistently infected (PI) individuals, being the main source of the virus in the herd, are removed after test-and-cull approach. The aim of the study was to compare the serological response in cattle herds where new PI calves were identified without prior removal of PI animals or despite their removal and after the introduction of whole herd vaccination against BVDV infection. Overall seroprevalence in 5 vaccinated herds was 91.7 and 83.3% using ELISA and virus neutralization test, respectively. Despite high titers for both vaccine and field strains of BVDV in analyzed herds the analysis of comparative strength of neutralization indicated that 41.4% of positive samples did not have a predominant titer against one specific subtype of BVDV. In 3 herds BVDV-1b subtype was identified while in 2 others it was BVDV-1d, while the vaccine used was based on BVDV-1a which was never identified in Poland so far. To increase the success of the BVDV eradication program, a careful approach is suggested when planning herd vaccination. Comparison of existing field strains and their similarity with vaccine strains at antigenic and genetic levels can be a useful approach to increase the effectiveness of vaccination and efficient protection of fetuses from persistent infection.

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