scholarly journals The olfactory co-receptor IR8a governs larval-frass mediated competition avoidance in a hawkmoth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Sonja Bisch-Knaden ◽  
Richard A. Fandino ◽  
Shuwei Yan ◽  
George F. Obiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Larval Frass ◽  
Competition Avoidance ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

AbstractFinding a suitable oviposition site is a challenging task for a gravid female moth. At the same time, it is of paramount importance considering the limited capability of most caterpillars to relocate to alternative host plants. The hawkmoth, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae), oviposits on solanaceous plants. Larvae hatching on a plant that is already attacked by conspecific caterpillars can face food competition, as well as an increased exposure to predators and induced plant defenses. Here, we show that frass from conspecific caterpillars is sufficient to deter a female M. sexta from ovipositing on a plant and that this deterrence is based on the frass-emitted carboxylic acids 3-methylpentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. Using a combination of genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9), electrophysiological recordings, calcium imaging and behavioral analyses we demonstrate that the ionotropic co-receptor IR8a is essential for acid-mediated frass avoidance in ovipositing hawkmoths.

scholarly journals The olfactory coreceptor IR8a governs larval feces-mediated competition avoidance in a hawkmoth

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (43) ◽  
pp. 21828-21833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Sonja Bisch-Knaden ◽  
Richard A. Fandino ◽  
Shuwei Yan ◽  
George F. Obiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Ionotropic Receptor ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Competition Avoidance ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

Finding a suitable oviposition site is a challenging task for a gravid female moth. At the same time, it is of paramount importance considering the limited capability of most caterpillars to relocate to alternative host plants. The hawkmoth, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae), oviposits on solanaceous plants. Larvae hatching on a plant that is already attacked by conspecific caterpillars can face food competition, as well as an increased exposure to predators and induced plant defenses. Here, we show that feces from conspecific caterpillars are sufficient to deter a female M. sexta from ovipositing on a plant and that this deterrence is based on the feces-emitted carboxylic acids 3-methylpentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. Using a combination of genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9), electrophysiological recordings, calcium imaging, and behavioral analyses, we demonstrate that ionotropic receptor 8a (IR8a) is essential for acid-mediated feces avoidance in ovipositing hawkmoths.

scholarly journals Egg-surface bacteria deter oviposition by the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijing Li ◽  
Lu Ren ◽  
Mingxue Xie ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Muyang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravid Female ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractFinding a suitable oviposition site is a challenging task for a gravid female fly, since the hatched maggots have limited mobility, making it difficult to find an alternative host. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, oviposits on many types of fruits. Maggots hatching in a fruit that is already occupied by conspecific worms will face food competition. Here, we showed that maggot-occupied fruits deter B. dorsalis oviposition and that this deterrence is based on the increased β-caryophyllene concentration in fruits. Using a combination of bacterial identification, volatile content quantification, and behavioural analyses, we demonstrated that the egg-surface bacteria of B. dorsalis, including Providencia sp. and Klebsiella sp., are responsible for this increase in the β-caryophyllene contents of host fruits. Our research shows a type of tritrophic interaction between microorganisms, insects, and insect hosts, which will provide considerable insight into the evolution of insect behavioural responses to volatile compounds.

Ability of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to develop on alternative host plant species

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bawin ◽  
David Dujeu ◽  
Lara De Backer ◽  
Frédéric Francis ◽  
François J. Verheggen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Survival Sex ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

AbstractThe tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a widespread devastating pest reported to develop on economically important solanaceous crops. The characterisation of its host range could help to understand and prevent the dispersion behaviour of the insect in the environment. In this study, the ability of T. absoluta to develop on 12 cultivated or non-cultivated plants including Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, and Malvaceae species under laboratory conditions was assessed. For each plant species, we monitored the development times of immature stages, survival, sex ratios, and adult fecundity rates. All the six tested non-solanaceous plants, including Chenopodium Linnaeus (Amaranthaceae), Convolvulus Linnaeus (Convolvulaceae), and Malva Linnaeus (Malvaceae) species, were not able to sustain (i.e., allow growth and development) T. absoluta larvae. Solanum Linnaeus (Solanaceae) species were the most suitable host plants for the pest, but others could be opportunistically colonised with fewer incidences. Tuta absoluta appears to be strongly related to solanaceous plants that would predominantly support self-sustaining field populations. Preventing crop infestation by removing potential host plants in the immediate field vicinity and culture rotations with non-solanaceous crops is of primary importance.

African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Joseph Alabi ◽  
Rabson M. Mulenga
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

Abstract Cassava is vegetatively propagated therefore ACMV and other CMGs are primarily transmitted via movement of contaminated cuttings. Consequently, introductions of specific CMGs into new localities mirror patterns of cassava cuttings exchange among farmers. Once infected cuttings are planted, the virus establishes easily and can be transmitted within and between fields through the feeding behaviour of the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. ACMV is particularly invasive in that it is the most widespread of all known CMGs, occurring across all cassava-producing countries of Africa in cassava and several alternative host plants (Thottappilly et al., 2003; Alabi et al. 2015). ACMV has also been reported infecting non-cultivated exotic cotton species in Pakistan (Nawaz-Ul-Rehman et al., 2012) further underscoring its invasive nature. Yield loss due to CMD can range from 12 to 82%, depending on the cassava variety and infection type (Owor et al., 2004). ACMV is not on the IUCN or ISSG alert list.

scholarly journals The Avirulence Domain of Cauliflower mosaic virus Transactivator/Viroplasmin Is a Determinant of Viral Virulence in Susceptible Hosts

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kappei Kobayashi ◽  
Thomas Hohn
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Viral Virulence ◽  
Host Defense Response ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) transactivator/viroplasmin (Tav) is a multifunctional protein essential for basic replication of CaMV. It also plays a role in viral pathogenesis in crucifer and solanaceous host plants. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that N- and C-terminal parts of Tav are not essential for CaMV replication in transfected protoplasts. Two deletion mutants having only minimal defects in basic replication were infectious in turnips but only with highly attenuated virulence. This was shown to be due to delayed virus spread within the inoculated leaves and to the upper leaves. Unlike the wild-type virus, the mutant viruses successfully spread locally without inducing a host defense response in inoculated Datura stramonium leaves, but did not spread systemically. These results provide the first evidence that a Tav domain required for avirulence function in solanaceous plants is not essential for CaMV infectivity but has a role in viral virulence in susceptible hosts.

Alternative Host Plants of Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal(Hemiptera:Coreidae), the Pod Sucking Bug of Cowpea in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabire Clementine ◽  
Sanon Antoine ◽  
Bama Herve ◽  
Foua-Bi Kouahou
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Clavigralla Tomentosicollis ◽  
Sahelian Zone

Eriophyoid mites (Acariformes) from wild and cultivated Solanaceae plants from Brazil⁠—new taxa, supplementary descriptions, a first report and new host plants of the tomato russet mite

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215-1246
Author(s):  
Mércia Elias Duarte ◽  
Renata Santos De Mendonça ◽  
Denise Navia
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Host ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
Tomato Russet Mite ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
One New Species

The results of a survey of Eriophyoidea mites on wild and cultivated Solanaceae plants in Central Brazil are presented. Five new taxa associated with plants in the genus Solanum are described and illustrated. They include one new genus with type species belonging to Phyllocoptinae, Calacarini - Viginticus lupusmalum gen. nov. & sp. nov.; two new species in the Eriophyinae, Aceriini - Aceria solani sp. nov. and Paraphytoptus tuberacutus sp. nov., all of them associated with Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil.; and one new species in the Phyllocoptinae, Athocoptini - Aculus michereffi sp. nov., associated with Solanum acanthodes Hook.. New host plants for the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Tryon 1917), are reported. In addition, the first record of Calacarus speciosissimum Flechtmann, 1999 for Brazil and from Capsicum as host plants, and the first record of Rhynacus lippius Duarte, Chetverikov & Navia, 2016, on solanaceous plants are presented; supplementary descriptions of these species were elaborated. Diagnostic traits for Calacarus mites collected on Solanaceae plants around the world are summarized.

scholarly journals Probing behaviors and their plasticity for the aphid Sitobion avenae on three alternative host plants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0203219
Author(s):  
Xianliang Huang ◽  
Deguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoning Cui ◽  
Xiaoqin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Alternative Host

Potential of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Adapt to Alternative Host Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Külli Hiiesaar ◽  
Ingrid H Williams ◽  
Katrin Jõgar ◽  
Reet Karise ◽  
Angela Ploomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Potato Beetle

Abstract Twelve selected cultivated or wild solanaceae (Solanum dulcamara, Solanum nigrum, Solanum villosum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum muricatum, Solanum melongena, Datura innoxia, Datura metel, Physalis spp., Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana alata, and Petunia spp.) (all species Solanales: Solanaceae) were tested as potential alternative host plants against Solanum tuberosum for a local population of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (CPB) in Estonia. Some CPB populations in America and southern Europe accept most of these plants. However, geographically isolated populations of beetles can differ in their acceptance of new host plants. Migrants from the southern Europe supplement Estonian beetle population regularly, so individuals may differ in their host plant preferences. S. melongena and S. dulcamara were well accepted by the beetles, Lycopersicum spp. (Solanales: Solanaceae) and N. alata were intermediate, and S. villosum and S. nigrum were least accepted. The beetles rejected S. muricatum, Physalis spp., C. annuum, Petunia spp., and D. metel. First-instar larvae completed a full life cycle only on S. dulcamara, N. alata, S. lycopesicum, S. melongena, although their development rate was slower, mortality was higher and emerging adults were underweight relative to those that fed on S. tuberosum. The fourth-instar larvae were less sensitive in relation to food. We found that S. dulcamara as a native plant could provide resources for CPB during early and late season. At the same time, the cultivated S. melongena would be suitable plant species for further testing as dead-end crop for integrated pest management.

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