scholarly journals IBA endogenous auxin regulates Arabidopsis root system development in a glutathione-dependent way and is important for adaptation to phosphate deprivation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Trujillo-Hernandez ◽  
Laetitia Bariat ◽  
Lucia C. Strader ◽  
Jean-Philippe Reichheld ◽  
Christophe Belin
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Phosphate Deprivation ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Glutathione Deficiency

AbstractRoot system architecture results from a highly plastic developmental process to perfectly adapt to environmental conditions. In particular, the development of lateral roots (LR) and root hair (RH) growth are constantly optimized to the rhizosphere properties, including biotic and abiotic constraints. Every step of root system development is tightly controlled by auxin, the driving morphogenic hormone in plants. Glutathione, a major thiol redox regulator, is also critical for root system development but its interplay with auxin is still scarcely understood. Indeed, previous works showed that glutathione deficiency does not alter root responses to exogenous indole acetic acid (IAA), the main active auxin in plants. Because indole butyric acid (IBA), another endogenous auxinic compound, is an important source of IAA for the control of root development, we investigated the crosstalk between glutathione and IBA during root development. We show that glutathione deficiency alters LR and RH responses to exogenous IBA but not IAA. Although many efforts have been deployed, we could not identify the precise mechanism responsible for this control. However, we could show that both glutathione and IBA are required for the proper responses of RH to phosphate deprivation, suggesting an important role for this glutathione-dependent regulation of auxin pathway in plant developmental adaptation to its environment.

scholarly journals A glutathione-dependent control of the indole butyric acid pathway supports Arabidopsis root system adaptation to phosphate deprivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 4843-4857
Author(s):  
José A Trujillo-Hernandez ◽  
Laetitia Bariat ◽  
Tara A Enders ◽  
Lucia C Strader ◽  
Jean-Philippe Reichheld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Phosphate Deprivation ◽  
Glutathione Deficiency

Abstract Root system architecture results from a highly plastic developmental process to adapt to environmental conditions. In particular, the development of lateral roots and root hair growth are constantly optimized to the rhizosphere properties, including biotic and abiotic constraints. The development of the root system is tightly controlled by auxin, the driving morphogenic hormone in plants. Glutathione, a major thiol redox regulator, is also critical for root development but its interplay with auxin is scarcely understood. Previous work showed that glutathione deficiency does not alter root responses to indole acetic acid (IAA), the main active auxin in plants. Because indole butyric acid (IBA), another endogenous auxinic compound, is an important source of IAA for the control of root development, we investigated the crosstalk between glutathione and IBA during root development. We show that glutathione deficiency alters lateral roots and root hair responses to exogenous IBA but not IAA. Detailed genetic analyses suggest that glutathione regulates IBA homeostasis or conversion to IAA in the root cap. Finally, we show that both glutathione and IBA are required to trigger the root hair response to phosphate deprivation, suggesting an important role for this glutathione-dependent regulation of the auxin pathway in plant developmental adaptation to its environment.

scholarly journals Longleaf Pine Root System Development and Seedling Quality in Response to Copper Root Pruning and Cavity Size

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Sword Sayer ◽  
Shi-Jean Susana Sung ◽  
James D. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Primary Lateral

Abstract Cultural practices that modify root system structure in the plug of container-grown seedlings have the potential to improve root system function after planting. Our objective was to assess how copper root pruning affects the quality and root system development of longleaf pine seedlings grown in three cavity sizes in a greenhouse. Copper root pruning increased seedling size, the allocation of root system dry weight to the taproot, and the fraction of fibrous root mass allocated to secondary lateral roots compared with primary lateral roots. It decreased the allocation of root system dry weight to primary lateral roots and led to a distribution of root growth potential that more closely resembled the root growth of naturally sown seedlings. These effects of copper root pruning may benefit longleaf pine establishment. However, because copper root pruning increased competition for cavity growing space among the taproot and fibrous roots, we suggest that recommendations regarding cavity size and seedling quality parameters be tailored for copper-coated cavities.

Arabidopsis Lateral Root Development 3 is essential for early phloem development and function, and hence for normal root system development

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ingram ◽  
Jan Dettmer ◽  
Yrjo Helariutta ◽  
Jocelyn E. Malamy
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Understanding the Intricate Web of Phytohormone Signalling in Modulating Root System Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5508
Author(s):  
Manvi Sharma ◽  
Dhriti Singh ◽  
Harshita B. Saksena ◽  
Mohan Sharma ◽  
Archna Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
External Cues

Root system architecture (RSA) is an important developmental and agronomic trait that is regulated by various physical factors such as nutrients, water, microbes, gravity, and soil compaction as well as hormone-mediated pathways. Phytohormones act as internal mediators between soil and RSA to influence various events of root development, starting from organogenesis to the formation of higher order lateral roots (LRs) through diverse mechanisms. Apart from interaction with the external cues, root development also relies on the complex web of interaction among phytohormones to exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects to improve crop performance. However, there are considerable gaps in understanding the interaction of these hormonal networks during various aspects of root development. In this review, we elucidate the role of different hormones to modulate a common phenotypic output, such as RSA in Arabidopsis and crop plants, and discuss future perspectives to channel vast information on root development to modulate RSA components.

scholarly journals Co-fertilization of sulfur and struvite-phosphorus in a slow-release fertilizer improves soybean cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella F. Valle ◽  
Amanda S. Giroto ◽  
Gelton G. F. Guimarães ◽  
Kerstin A. Nagel ◽  
Anna Galinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
World Population ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

In face of the alarming world population growth predictions and its threat to food security, the development of sustainable fertilizer alternatives is urgent. Moreover, fertilizer performance should be assessed not only in terms of yield but also root system development, as it impacts soil fertility and crop productivity. Fertilizers containing a polysulfide matrix (PS) with dispersed struvite (St) were studied for S and P nutrition due to their controlled-release behavior. Soybean cultivation with St/PS composites provided superior biomass compared to a reference of triple superphosphate (TSP) with ammonium sulfate (AS), with up to 3 and 10 times higher mass of shoots and roots, respectively. Additionally, St/PS achieved a 22% sulfur use efficiency against only 8% from TSP/AS. Root system architectural changes may explain these results, with higher proliferation of second order lateral roots in response to struvite ongoing P delivery. Overall, the composites showed great potential as efficient controlled-release fertilizers for enhanced soybean productivity.

scholarly journals Disruption of CYCLOPHILIN 38 function reveals a photosynthesis-dependent systemic signal controlling lateral root emergence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Duan ◽  
Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Javier Cejudo ◽  
José R. Dinneny
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Primary Root Growth

AbstractPhotosynthesis in leaves generates the fixed-carbon resources and essential metabolites that support sink tissues, such as roots [1]. One of these products, sucrose, is known to promote primary root growth, but it is not clear what other molecules may be involved and whether other stages of root system development are affected by photosynthate levels [2]. Through a mutant screen to identify pathways regulating root system architecture, we identified a mutation in the CYCLOPHILIN 38 (CYP38) gene, which causes an accumulation of pre-emergent stage lateral roots, with a minor effect on primary root growth. CYP38 was previously reported to maintain the stability of Photosystem II (PSII) in chloroplasts [3]. CYP38 expression is enriched in the shoot and grafting experiments show that the gene acts non-cell autonomously to promote lateral root emergence. Growth of wild-type plants under low light conditions phenocopied the cyp38 lateral root emergence phenotype as did the inhibition of PSII-dependent electron transport or NADPH production. Importantly, the cyp38 root phenotype is not rescued by exogenous sucrose, suggesting the involvement of another metabolite. Auxin (IAA) is an essential hormone promoting root growth and its biosynthesis from tryptophan is dependent on reductant generated during photosynthesis [4,5]. Both WT seedlings grown under low light and cyp38 mutants have highly diminished levels of IAA in root tissues. The cyp38 lateral root defect is rescued by IAA treatment, revealing that photosynthesis promotes lateral root emergence partly through IAA biosynthesis. Metabolomic profiling shows that the accumulation of several defense-related metabolites are also photosynthesis-dependent, suggesting that the regulation of a number of energy-intensive pathways are down-regulated when light becomes limiting.

scholarly journals Variation Analysis of Root System Development in Wheat Seedlings Using Root Phenotyping System

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekundayo Adeleke ◽  
Reneth Millas ◽  
Waymon McNeal ◽  
Justin Faris ◽  
Ali Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Root Phenotyping

Root system architecture is a vital part of the plant that has been shown to vary between species and within species based on response to genotypic and/or environmental influences. The root traits of wheat seedlings are critical for their establishment in soil and evidently linked to plant height and seed yield. However, plant breeders have not efficiently developed the role of RSA in wheat selection due to the difficulty of studying root traits. We set up a root phenotyping platform to characterize RSA in 34 wheat accessions. The phenotyping pipeline consists of the germination paper-based moisture replacement system, image capture units, and root-image processing software. The 34 accessions from two different wheat ploidy levels (hexaploids and tetraploids), were characterized in ten replicates. A total of 19 root traits were quantified from the root architecture generated. This pipeline allowed for rapid screening of 340 wheat seedlings within 10 days. At least one line from each ploidy (6× and 4×) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in measured traits, except for mean seminal count. Our result also showed a strong correlation (0.8) between total root length, maximum depth and convex hull area. This phenotyping pipeline has the advantage and capacity to increase screening potential at early stages of plant development, leading to the characterization of wheat seedling traits that can be further examined using QTL analysis in populations generated from the examined accessions.

Root system development and architecture in various genotypes of the Solanaceae family

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Hai Bui ◽  
Valérie Serra ◽  
Loïc Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Solanaceae Family

We present an extensive, dynamic, and quantitative study of the root system architecture of Solanaceae based on 29 genotypes from three important groups (aubergines, capsicums, and tomatoes). Quantitative traits were essentially obtained from measurements made on high resolution images of different plant parts at several stages. The developmental schema was common to all genotypes. Several traits showed significant genetic variations: root apical diameter (reflecting meristem size), interbranch distances, slopes of the regression lines of elongation rate versus apical diameter, and ratios of diameters of laterals to mother roots. On all genotypes, the initial root system was complemented by a strong adventitious system emerging near the plant collar, made up of a set of fast growing roots with large apical diameters. Correlations between traits were evidenced within the root systems on one hand (e.g., interbranch distance and diameter ratio of laterals to their mother) and between shoot and root on the other hand (e.g., leaf area growth rate and root elongation rate). They revealed both trade-offs in developmental processes and coordination between plant parts. Beyond these results, we demonstrated the importance of characterizing phenotypes through multiple criteria, considering the whole plant and including late stages.

scholarly journals Seasonal root development of Cabernet sauvignon grafted on different rootstocks

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kocsis ◽  
E. Baracsi Horváthné ◽  
B. Farkas Lajterné ◽  
G. Kocsisné Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The minirhizotron system gives opportunity to study the root development without disturbing the soil and root. We have found certified differences in root development during the year 2013 among the rootstocks grafted on ‘Cabernet sauvignon’. The number of roots varied according to the rootstocks in different depth of soil layers and also varied the development of ripeness of the root system. We conclude that root system development is affected by soil physical and chemical properties, but differences according to the rootstock genotype on the similar type of soil exist.

Relationships between lateral root order, arbuscular mycorrhiza development, and the physiological state of the symbiotic fungus in Platanus acerifolia

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1947-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tisserant ◽  
S. Gianinazzi ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Root System ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Platanus Acerifolia ◽  
Root System Development

The rapid development of an efficient root system resulting from arbuscular mycorrhiza formation is essential to the successful establishment of many plant species. We have analysed root system development and used histochemical staining to define relationships between lateral root order dynamics, arbuscular mycorrhiza development, and the physiological state of the symbiotic fungus Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerdeman) Gerd & Trappe amend. Walker and Koske, in a woody plant species Platanus acerifolia Willd. Arbuscular mycorrhiza induced modifications in root system development in P. acerifolia, compared with nonmycorrhizal root systems. Third-order lateral roots dominated in arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, while second-order laterals were most numerous in nonmycorrhizal systems. Arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization was closely related to the appearance of different root orders; the most active mycelium (characterized by fungal succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities) was mainly localized in newly formed lateral roots. Nine weeks after inoculation with G. fasciculatum the proportion of alkaline phosphatase-active mycelium strongly decreased in all root orders, and this was related to an increased phosphorus content of the host plant. The dynamics of development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the possible regulation of its activity by the host plant are discussed. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza, fungal enzyme, root system morphology, Platanus acerifolia, Glomus fasciculatum.

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