Relationships between lateral root order, arbuscular mycorrhiza development, and the physiological state of the symbiotic fungus in Platanus acerifolia

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1947-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tisserant ◽  
S. Gianinazzi ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Root System ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Platanus Acerifolia ◽  
Root System Development

The rapid development of an efficient root system resulting from arbuscular mycorrhiza formation is essential to the successful establishment of many plant species. We have analysed root system development and used histochemical staining to define relationships between lateral root order dynamics, arbuscular mycorrhiza development, and the physiological state of the symbiotic fungus Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerdeman) Gerd & Trappe amend. Walker and Koske, in a woody plant species Platanus acerifolia Willd. Arbuscular mycorrhiza induced modifications in root system development in P. acerifolia, compared with nonmycorrhizal root systems. Third-order lateral roots dominated in arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, while second-order laterals were most numerous in nonmycorrhizal systems. Arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization was closely related to the appearance of different root orders; the most active mycelium (characterized by fungal succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities) was mainly localized in newly formed lateral roots. Nine weeks after inoculation with G. fasciculatum the proportion of alkaline phosphatase-active mycelium strongly decreased in all root orders, and this was related to an increased phosphorus content of the host plant. The dynamics of development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the possible regulation of its activity by the host plant are discussed. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza, fungal enzyme, root system morphology, Platanus acerifolia, Glomus fasciculatum.

scholarly journals Longleaf Pine Root System Development and Seedling Quality in Response to Copper Root Pruning and Cavity Size

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Sword Sayer ◽  
Shi-Jean Susana Sung ◽  
James D. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Primary Lateral

Abstract Cultural practices that modify root system structure in the plug of container-grown seedlings have the potential to improve root system function after planting. Our objective was to assess how copper root pruning affects the quality and root system development of longleaf pine seedlings grown in three cavity sizes in a greenhouse. Copper root pruning increased seedling size, the allocation of root system dry weight to the taproot, and the fraction of fibrous root mass allocated to secondary lateral roots compared with primary lateral roots. It decreased the allocation of root system dry weight to primary lateral roots and led to a distribution of root growth potential that more closely resembled the root growth of naturally sown seedlings. These effects of copper root pruning may benefit longleaf pine establishment. However, because copper root pruning increased competition for cavity growing space among the taproot and fibrous roots, we suggest that recommendations regarding cavity size and seedling quality parameters be tailored for copper-coated cavities.

scholarly journals The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and temperature on root system development

Agronomie ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Forbes ◽  
CH Ellison ◽  
JE Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
System Development ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
The Impact

Arabidopsis Lateral Root Development 3 is essential for early phloem development and function, and hence for normal root system development

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ingram ◽  
Jan Dettmer ◽  
Yrjo Helariutta ◽  
Jocelyn E. Malamy
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Co-fertilization of sulfur and struvite-phosphorus in a slow-release fertilizer improves soybean cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella F. Valle ◽  
Amanda S. Giroto ◽  
Gelton G. F. Guimarães ◽  
Kerstin A. Nagel ◽  
Anna Galinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
World Population ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

In face of the alarming world population growth predictions and its threat to food security, the development of sustainable fertilizer alternatives is urgent. Moreover, fertilizer performance should be assessed not only in terms of yield but also root system development, as it impacts soil fertility and crop productivity. Fertilizers containing a polysulfide matrix (PS) with dispersed struvite (St) were studied for S and P nutrition due to their controlled-release behavior. Soybean cultivation with St/PS composites provided superior biomass compared to a reference of triple superphosphate (TSP) with ammonium sulfate (AS), with up to 3 and 10 times higher mass of shoots and roots, respectively. Additionally, St/PS achieved a 22% sulfur use efficiency against only 8% from TSP/AS. Root system architectural changes may explain these results, with higher proliferation of second order lateral roots in response to struvite ongoing P delivery. Overall, the composites showed great potential as efficient controlled-release fertilizers for enhanced soybean productivity.

scholarly journals Disruption of CYCLOPHILIN 38 function reveals a photosynthesis-dependent systemic signal controlling lateral root emergence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Duan ◽  
Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Javier Cejudo ◽  
José R. Dinneny
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Primary Root Growth

AbstractPhotosynthesis in leaves generates the fixed-carbon resources and essential metabolites that support sink tissues, such as roots [1]. One of these products, sucrose, is known to promote primary root growth, but it is not clear what other molecules may be involved and whether other stages of root system development are affected by photosynthate levels [2]. Through a mutant screen to identify pathways regulating root system architecture, we identified a mutation in the CYCLOPHILIN 38 (CYP38) gene, which causes an accumulation of pre-emergent stage lateral roots, with a minor effect on primary root growth. CYP38 was previously reported to maintain the stability of Photosystem II (PSII) in chloroplasts [3]. CYP38 expression is enriched in the shoot and grafting experiments show that the gene acts non-cell autonomously to promote lateral root emergence. Growth of wild-type plants under low light conditions phenocopied the cyp38 lateral root emergence phenotype as did the inhibition of PSII-dependent electron transport or NADPH production. Importantly, the cyp38 root phenotype is not rescued by exogenous sucrose, suggesting the involvement of another metabolite. Auxin (IAA) is an essential hormone promoting root growth and its biosynthesis from tryptophan is dependent on reductant generated during photosynthesis [4,5]. Both WT seedlings grown under low light and cyp38 mutants have highly diminished levels of IAA in root tissues. The cyp38 lateral root defect is rescued by IAA treatment, revealing that photosynthesis promotes lateral root emergence partly through IAA biosynthesis. Metabolomic profiling shows that the accumulation of several defense-related metabolites are also photosynthesis-dependent, suggesting that the regulation of a number of energy-intensive pathways are down-regulated when light becomes limiting.

scholarly journals IBA endogenous auxin regulates Arabidopsis root system development in a glutathione-dependent way and is important for adaptation to phosphate deprivation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Trujillo-Hernandez ◽  
Laetitia Bariat ◽  
Lucia C. Strader ◽  
Jean-Philippe Reichheld ◽  
Christophe Belin
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Phosphate Deprivation ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Glutathione Deficiency

AbstractRoot system architecture results from a highly plastic developmental process to perfectly adapt to environmental conditions. In particular, the development of lateral roots (LR) and root hair (RH) growth are constantly optimized to the rhizosphere properties, including biotic and abiotic constraints. Every step of root system development is tightly controlled by auxin, the driving morphogenic hormone in plants. Glutathione, a major thiol redox regulator, is also critical for root system development but its interplay with auxin is still scarcely understood. Indeed, previous works showed that glutathione deficiency does not alter root responses to exogenous indole acetic acid (IAA), the main active auxin in plants. Because indole butyric acid (IBA), another endogenous auxinic compound, is an important source of IAA for the control of root development, we investigated the crosstalk between glutathione and IBA during root development. We show that glutathione deficiency alters LR and RH responses to exogenous IBA but not IAA. Although many efforts have been deployed, we could not identify the precise mechanism responsible for this control. However, we could show that both glutathione and IBA are required for the proper responses of RH to phosphate deprivation, suggesting an important role for this glutathione-dependent regulation of auxin pathway in plant developmental adaptation to its environment.

Lateral root formation and nutrients: nitrogen in the spotlight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Mathieu Pélissier ◽  
Hans Motte ◽  
Tom Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Development

Abstract Lateral roots are important to forage for nutrients due to their ability to increase the uptake area of a root system. Hence, it comes as no surprise that lateral root formation is affected by nutrients or nutrient starvation, and as such contributes to the root system plasticity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating root adaptation dynamics towards nutrient availability is useful to optimize plant nutrient use efficiency. There is at present a profound, though still evolving, knowledge on lateral root pathways. Here, we aimed to review the intersection with nutrient signaling pathways to give an update on the regulation of lateral root development by nutrients, with a particular focus on nitrogen. Remarkably, it is for most nutrients not clear how lateral root formation is controlled. Only for nitrogen, one of the most dominant nutrients in the control of lateral root formation, the crosstalk with multiple key signals determining lateral root development is clearly shown. In this update, we first present a general overview of the current knowledge of how nutrients affect lateral root formation, followed by a deeper discussion on how nitrogen signaling pathways act on different lateral root-mediating mechanisms for which multiple recent studies yield insights.

scholarly journals Timecourse Changes in Two Different Topological Indices with Seminal Root System Development of Rice.

1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro IZUMI ◽  
Yasuhiro KONO ◽  
Akira YAMAUCHI ◽  
Morio IIJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Topological Indices ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Root System Development

The Effect of Salinity on Root Architecture in Forage Pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Acikbas ◽  
M.A. Ozyazici ◽  
H. Bektas
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
System Development ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Root And Shoot Biomass

Background: Plants face different abiotic stresses such as salinity that affect their normal development, growth and survival. Forage pea is an important legume crop for herbage production in ruminants. Its agronomy requires high levels of irrigation and fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of salinity on seedling root system development in forage pea under semi-hydroponics conditions.Methods: Different treatment of NaCl doses (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM) on root architecture was investigated in two different forage pea cultivars (Livioletta and Ulubatlý) with contrasting root structures under controlled conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replications and nine plants per replication.Result: Salinity affects root and shoot development differently on these cultivars. Despite the salinity, Livioletta produced more shoot (0.71 g) and root biomass (0.30 g) compared to Ulubatlý (0.52 g and 0.25 g for Root and Shoot biomass, respectively) at 150 mM and all other salinity levels. Livioletta developed a better root system and tolerated salt to a higher dose than Ulubatlý. Understanding root system responses of forage pea cultivars may allow breeding and selecting salinity tolerant cultivars with better rooting potential.

Growth and development of Hippophae rhamnoides L. introduced in Absheron

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Kamala Arastun Sadigov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoïdes L ◽  
Seed Propagation

The presented article provides seed propagation, seedling morphology and growth dynamics, root system development in connection with the introduction of Hippophae rhamnoides L. species found in our natural flora in Absheron. The study found that the species Hippophae rhamnoides L. is well adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Absheron and can be grown in cultural conditions. Key words: Hippophae rhamnoides L., introdiction, seed, repoduction, morphology, dewelopment, root system

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