scholarly journals Cerebellar neurodynamics during motor planning predict decision timing and outcome on single-trial level

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Lin ◽  
Magdalena Helmreich ◽  
Friederike Schlumm ◽  
Jennifer M. Li ◽  
Drew N. Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Planning ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Brain States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subcortical Regions

SUMMARYThe neuronal basis of goal-directed behavior requires interaction of multiple separated brain regions. How subcortical regions and their interactions with brain-wide activity are involved in action selection is less understood. We have investigated this question by developing an assay based on whole-brain volumetric calcium imaging using light-field microscopy combined with an operant-conditioning task in larval zebrafish. We find global and recurring dynamics of brain states to exhibit pre-motor bifurcations towards mutually exclusive decision outcomes which arises from a spatially distributed network. Within this network the cerebellum shows a particularly strong pre-motor activity, predictive of both the timing and outcome of behavior up to ∼10 seconds before movement initiation. Furthermore, on the single-trial level, decision directions can be inferred from the difference neuroactivity between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, while the decision time can be quantitatively predicted by the rate of bi-hemispheric population ramping activity. Our results point towards a cognitive role of the cerebellum and its importance in motor planning.

scholarly journals Brain-wide electrical dynamics encode an appetitive socioemotional state

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Mague ◽  
Austin Talbot ◽  
Cameron Blount ◽  
Lara J. Duffney ◽  
Kathryn K. Walder-Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Preference ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Genetic Mouse Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMany cortical and subcortical regions contribute to complex social behavior; nevertheless, the network level architecture whereby the brain integrates this information to encode appetitive socioemotional behavior remains unknown. Here we measure electrical activity from eight brain regions as mice engage in a social preference assay. We then use machine learning to discover an explainable brain network that encodes the extent to which mice chose to engage another mouse. This socioemotional network is organized by theta oscillations leading from prelimbic cortex and amygdala that converge on ventral tegmental area, and network activity is synchronized with brain-wide cellular firing. The network generalizes, on a mouse-by-mouse basis, to encode socioemotional behaviors in healthy animals, but fails to encode an appetitive socioemotional state in a ‘high confidence’ genetic mouse model of autism. Thus, our findings reveal the architecture whereby the brain integrates spatially distributed activity across timescales to encode an appetitive socioemotional brain state in health and disease.

scholarly journals Brain-wide electrical spatiotemporal dynamics encode reward anticipation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai-Anh T. Vu ◽  
Lisa K. David ◽  
Gwenaëlle E. Thomas ◽  
Meghana Vagwala ◽  
Caley Burrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Prelimbic Cortex ◽  
Reward Anticipation ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Network Patterns ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAnticipation of an upcoming stimulus induces neural activity across cortical and subcortical regions and influences subsequent behavior. Nevertheless, the network mechanism whereby the brain integrates this information to signal the anticipation of rewards remains relatively unexplored. Here we employ multi-circuit electrical recordings from six brain regions as mice perform a sample-to-match task in which reward anticipation is operationalized as their progress towards obtaining a potential reward. We then use machine learning to discover the naturally occurring network patterns that integrate this neural activity across timescales. Only one of the networks that we uncovered signals responses linked to reward anticipation, specifically relative proximity and reward magnitude. Activity in this Electome (electrical functional connectivity) network is dominated by theta oscillations leading from prelimbic cortex and striatum that converge on ventral tegmental area, and by beta oscillations leading from striatum that converge on prelimbic cortex. Network activity is also synchronized with brain-wide cellular firing. Critically, this network generalizes to new groups of healthy mice, as well as a mouse line that models aberrant neural circuitry observed in brain disorders that show altered reward anticipation. Thus, our findings reveal the network-level architecture whereby the brain integrates spatially distributed activity across timescales to signal reward anticipation.

Comparative analysis of changes of bioelectrical activity of the brain during the neutral touch and during the performance of the myofascial release technique

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
A. F. Belyaev ◽  
G. E. Piskunova
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Therapeutic Touch ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Osteopathic Treatment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Multiparameter Analysis

Introduction. One of the main tools of an osteopath are soft tissue techniques, which have a number of particular qualities such as minimization of force and duration of indirect techniques with an emphasis on muscle and ligamentous structures; combination of gestures, tendency to maximal relaxation and exclusion of direct action on pathological symptoms such as tension, overtone and pain. Minimization of the force applied during the performance of soft tissue techniques often invites a question whether there are differences between the usual touch and the therapeutic touch of an osteopath.Goal of research - to reveal the changes in the bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex arising in the process of osteopathic treatment in order to prove its specifi city in comparison with nonspecifi c tactile stimulation (neutral touch).Materials and methods. 75 people were examined with the use of multiparameter analysis of multichannel EEG in different times. 25 patients were clinically healthy adults, whereas 50 patients had signs of somatic dysfunctions.Results. Computer encephalography permits to perceive the difference between the neutral touch and the therapeutic action. An identifi cation reaction is a response to the neutral touch (changes in brain bioelectrical activity with an increase in statistically signifi cant connections in the temporal lobes), whereas the therapeutic action provokes the state of purposeful brain activity during still point (intensifi cation of frontooccipital interactions).Conclusions. Osteopathic action causes additional tension in the processing of incoming information, which requires participation of different brain regions, including interhemispheric mechanisms associated with analysis, maintenance of attention and regulation of targeted activities.

scholarly journals HIV Infection Is Associated with Attenuated Frontostriatal Intrinsic Connectivity: A Preliminary Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Ipser ◽  
Gregory G. Brown ◽  
Amanda Bischoff-Grethe ◽  
Colm G. Connolly ◽  
Ronald J. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Independent Replication ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Brain

AbstractHIV-associated cognitive impairments are prevalent, and are consistent with injury to both frontal cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. The current study aimed to assess the association of HIV infection with functional connections within the frontostriatal network, circuitry hypothesized to be highly vulnerable to HIV infection. Fifteen HIV-positive and 15 demographically matched control participants underwent 6 min of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Multivariate group comparisons of age-adjusted estimates of connectivity within the frontostriatal network were derived from BOLD data for dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsal caudate and mediodorsal thalamic regions of interest. Whole-brain comparisons of group differences in frontostriatal connectivity were conducted, as were pairwise tests of connectivity associations with measures of global cognitive functioning and clinical and immunological characteristics (nadir and current CD4 count, duration of HIV infection, plasma HIV RNA). HIV – associated reductions in connectivity were observed between the DLPFC and the dorsal caudate, particularly in younger participants (<50 years, N=9). Seropositive participants also demonstrated reductions in dorsal caudate connectivity to frontal and parietal brain regions previously demonstrated to be functionally connected to the DLPFC. Cognitive impairment, but none of the assessed clinical/immunological variables, was also associated with reduced frontostriatal connectivity. In conclusion, our data indicate that HIV is associated with attenuated intrinsic frontostriatal connectivity. Intrinsic connectivity of this network may therefore serve as a marker of the deleterious effects of HIV infection on the brain, possibly via HIV-associated dopaminergic abnormalities. These findings warrant independent replication in larger studies. (JINS, 2015, 21, 1–11)

scholarly journals Fundamental Dynamical Modes Underlying Human Brain Synchronization

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Alvarado-Rojas ◽  
Michel Le Van Quyen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Intracranial Recordings ◽  
Characteristic Dynamic

Little is known about the long-term dynamics of widely interacting cortical and subcortical networks during the wake-sleep cycle. Using large-scale intracranial recordings of epileptic patients during seizure-free periods, we investigated local- and long-range synchronization between multiple brain regions over several days. For such high-dimensional data, summary information is required for understanding and modelling the underlying dynamics. Here, we suggest that a compact yet useful representation is given by a state space based on the first principal components. Using this representation, we report, with a remarkable similarity across the patients with different locations of electrode placement, that the seemingly complex patterns of brain synchrony during the wake-sleep cycle can be represented by a small number of characteristic dynamic modes. In this space, transitions between behavioral states occur through specific trajectories from one mode to another. These findings suggest that, at a coarse level of temporal resolution, the different brain states are correlated with several dominant synchrony patterns which are successively activated across wake-sleep states.

scholarly journals Increased sensitivity to strong perturbations in a whole-brain model of LSD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice M. Jobst ◽  
Selen Atasoy ◽  
Adrián Ponce-Alvarez ◽  
Ana Sanjuán ◽  
Leor Roseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Response Diversity ◽  
Brain States ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent psychedelic drug, which has seen a revival in clinical and pharmacological research within recent years. Human neuroimaging studies have shown fundamental changes in brain-wide functional connectivity and an expansion of dynamical brain states, thus raising the question about a mechanistic explanation of the dynamics underlying these alterations. Here, we applied a novel perturbational approach based on a whole-brain computational model, which opens up the possibility to externally perturb different brain regions in silico and investigate differences in dynamical stability of different brain states, i.e. the dynamical response of a certain brain region to an external perturbation. After adjusting the whole-brain model parameters to reflect the dynamics of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) BOLD signals recorded under the influence of LSD or placebo, perturbations of different brain areas were simulated by either promoting or disrupting synchronization in the regarding brain region. After perturbation offset, we quantified the recovery characteristics of the brain area to its basal dynamical state with the Perturbational Integration Latency Index (PILI) and used this measure to distinguish between the two brain states. We found significant changes in dynamical complexity with consistently higher PILI values after LSD intake on a global level, which indicates a shift of the brain’s global working point further away from a stable equilibrium as compared to normal conditions. On a local level, we found that the largest differences were measured within the limbic network, the visual network and the default mode network. Additionally, we found a higher variability of PILI values across different brain regions after LSD intake, indicating higher response diversity under LSD after an external perturbation. Our results provide important new insights into the brain-wide dynamical changes underlying the psychedelic state - here provoked by LSD intake - and underline possible future clinical applications of psychedelic drugs in particular psychiatric disorders.HighlightsNovel offline perturbational method applied on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data under the effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)Shift of brain’s global working point to more complex dynamics after LSD intakeConsistently longer recovery time after model perturbation under LSD influenceStrongest effects in resting state networks relevant for psychedelic experienceHigher response diversity across brain regions under LSD influence after an external in silico perturbation

scholarly journals Lesion Network Localization of Seizure Freedom following MR-guided  Laser Interstitial Thermal Ablation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Mithani ◽  
Alexandre Boutet ◽  
Jurgen Germann ◽  
Gavin J. B. Elias ◽  
Alexander G. Weil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Seizure Outcome ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Network Localization ◽  
Subcortical Regions

AbstractTreatment-resistant epilepsy is a common and debilitating neurological condition, for which neurosurgical cure is possible. Despite undergoing nearly identical ablation procedures however, individuals with treatment-resistant epilepsy frequently exhibit heterogeneous outcomes. We hypothesized that treatment response may be related to the brain regions to which MR-guided laser ablation volumes are functionally connected. To test this, we mapped the resting-state functional connectivity of surgical ablations that either resulted in seizure freedom (N = 11) or did not result in seizure freedom (N = 16) in over 1,000 normative connectomes. There was no difference seizure outcome with respect to the anatomical location of the ablations, and very little overlap between ablation areas was identified using the Dice Index. Ablations that did not result in seizure-freedom were preferentially connected to a number of cortical and subcortical regions, as well as multiple canonical resting-state networks. In contrast, ablations that led to seizure-freedom were more functionally connected to prefrontal cortices. Here, we demonstrate that underlying normative neural circuitry may in part explain heterogenous outcomes following ablation procedures in different brain regions. These findings may ultimately inform target selection for ablative epilepsy surgery based on normative intrinsic connectivity of the targeted volume.

scholarly journals Rational time investment during collective decision making in Temnothorax ants

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 20190542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Sasaki ◽  
Benjamin Stott ◽  
Stephen C. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Temnothorax Albipennis ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Nest Site Choice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The study of rational choice in humans and other animals typically focuses on decision outcomes, but rationality also applies to decision latencies, especially when time is scarce and valuable. For example, the smaller the difference in quality between two options, the faster a rational actor should decide between them. This is because the consequences of choosing the inferior option are less severe if the options are similar. Experiments have shown, however, that humans irrationally spend more time choosing between similar options. In this study, we assessed the rationality of time investment during nest-site choice by the rock ant, Temnothorax albipennis . Previous studies have shown that collective decision-making allows ant colonies to avoid certain irrational errors. Here we show that the same is true for time investment. Individual ants, like humans, irrationally took more time to complete an emigration when choosing between two similar nests than when choosing between two less similar nests. Whole colonies, by contrast, rationally made faster decisions when the options were more similar. We discuss the underlying mechanisms of decision-making in individuals and colonies and how they lead to irrational and rational time investment, respectively.

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