scholarly journals The neural computation of human goal-directed behaviors in complex motivational states

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Saulin ◽  
Ulrike Horn ◽  
Martin Lotze ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Grit Hein
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Neural Computation ◽  
Diffusion Modeling ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Behavioral Choice ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Choice Option

AbstractBecause the motives behind goal-directed behaviors are often complex, most behaviors result from the interplay between different motives. However, it is unclear how this interplay between multiple motives affects the neural computation of goal-directed behaviors. Using a combination of drift-diffusion modeling and fMRI, we show that the interplay between different social motives changes initial preferences for prosocial behavior before a person makes a behavioral choice. This increase in preferences for the prosocial choice option was tracked by neural responses in the bilateral dorsal striatum, which in turn lowered the amount of information necessary for choosing prosocial behavior. We obtained these results using a paradigm in which each participant performed the same behavior based on different, simultaneously activated motives, or based on each of the motives separately. Thus, our findings provide a model of behavioral choice computation in complex motivational states, i.e., the motivational setting that drives most goal-directed human behaviors.

scholarly journals Striatal and hippocampal contributions to flexible navigation in rats and humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239821282097977
Author(s):  
Christoffer J. Gahnstrom ◽  
Hugo J. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Transition Structure ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Models ◽  
Human Neuroimaging

The hippocampus has been firmly established as playing a crucial role in flexible navigation. Recent evidence suggests that dorsal striatum may also play an important role in such goal-directed behaviour in both rodents and humans. Across recent studies, activity in the caudate nucleus has been linked to forward planning and adaptation to changes in the environment. In particular, several human neuroimaging studies have found the caudate nucleus tracks information traditionally associated with that by the hippocampus. In this brief review, we examine this evidence and argue the dorsal striatum encodes the transition structure of the environment during flexible, goal-directed behaviour. We highlight that future research should explore the following: (1) Investigate neural responses during spatial navigation via a biophysically plausible framework explained by reinforcement learning models and (2) Observe the interaction between cortical areas and both the dorsal striatum and hippocampus during flexible navigation.

Analytical drift-diffusion modeling of GaAs solar cells incorporating a back mirror

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Lumb ◽  
Christopher G. Bailey ◽  
Jessica G. J. Adams ◽  
Glen Hillier ◽  
Francis Tuminello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Diffusion Modeling ◽  
Drift Diffusion

scholarly journals Understanding the impact of C60 at the interface of perovskite solar cells via drift-diffusion modeling

AIP Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 035026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timofey Golubev ◽  
Dianyi Liu ◽  
Richard Lunt ◽  
Phillip Duxbury
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Diffusion Modeling ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Reward Enhances Pain Discrimination in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1191-1199
Author(s):  
Susanne Becker ◽  
Martin Löffler ◽  
Ben Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Diffusion Modeling ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Discriminative Performance ◽  
Decision Bias ◽  
Sensory Signal ◽  
Human Volunteers

The notion that reward inhibits pain is a well-supported observation in both humans and animals, allowing suppression of pain reflexes to acquired rewarding stimuli. However, a blanket inhibition of pain by reward would also impair pain discrimination. In contrast, early counterconditioning experiments implied that reward might actually spare pain discrimination. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether discriminative performance was enhanced or inhibited by reward. We found in adult human volunteers ( N = 25) that pain-based discriminative ability is actually enhanced by reward, especially when reward is directly contingent on discriminative performance. Drift-diffusion modeling shows that this relates to an augmentation of the underlying sensory signal strength and is not merely an effect of decision bias. This enhancement of sensory-discriminative pain-information processing suggests that whereas reward can promote reward-acquiring behavior by inhibition of pain in some circumstances, it can also facilitate important discriminative information of the sensory input when necessary.

Drift-diffusion modeling of InP-based triple junction solar cells

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Lumb ◽  
M. González ◽  
C. G. Bailey ◽  
I. Vurgaftman ◽  
J. R. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Diffusion Modeling ◽  
Drift Diffusion
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