scholarly journals Eco-evolutionary control of pathogens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lässig ◽  
Ville Mustonen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
General Systems ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Evolutionary Control

AbstractControl can alter the eco-evolutionary dynamics of a target pathogen in two ways, by changing its population size and by directed evolution of new functions. Here we develop a fitness model of eco-evolutionary control that specifies a minimum leverage for successful control against the intrinsic dynamics of the pathogen. We apply this model to pathogen control by molecular antibody-antigen binding with a tunable level of antibodies. By analytical solution, we obtain a phase diagram of optimal control and show that an error threshold separates regimes of successful and futile control. Our analysis identifies few, independently measurable fitness parameters that predict the outcome of control. We show that optimal control strategies depend on mutation rate and population size of the pathogen, and we discuss how monitoring and computational forecasting affect the efficiency of control. We argue that these results carry over to more general systems and are elements of an emerging eco-evolutionary control theory.

scholarly journals Eco-evolutionary control of pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (33) ◽  
pp. 19694-19704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lässig ◽  
Ville Mustonen
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
General Systems ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Evolutionary Control

Control can alter the eco-evolutionary dynamics of a target pathogen in two ways, by changing its population size and by directed evolution of new functions. Here, we develop a payoff model of eco-evolutionary control based on strategies of evolution, regulation, and computational forecasting. We apply this model to pathogen control by molecular antibody–antigen binding with a tunable dosage of antibodies. By analytical solution, we obtain optimal dosage protocols and establish a phase diagram with an error threshold delineating parameter regimes of successful and compromised control. The solution identifies few independently measurable fitness parameters that predict the outcome of control. Our analysis shows how optimal control strategies depend on mutation rate and population size of the pathogen, and how monitoring and computational forecasting affect protocols and efficiency of control. We argue that these results carry over to more general systems and are elements of an emerging eco-evolutionary control theory.

Nonlinear incidence Human immunodeficiency virus infection model with optimal control

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050100
Author(s):  
David Yaro ◽  
Aly R. Seadawy ◽  
Dianchen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Hiv Model ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Horizontal Spread

Mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Most models deal with the vertical and horizontal spread of disease, but few studies have focused on the evolutionary dynamics of HIV at the cellular level. In this paper, we present an HIV model to analyze the dynamics of HIV infection at the cellular level to produce more natural results. We present a detailed stability analysis of disease-free and viral-persistence equilibrium in the system. In addition, sensitivity analysis and optimal control strategies are used to analyze the role of antiretroviral drug therapy and dietary supplements in controlling the concentration of infected cells and viruses.

Optimal Control of a General Environmental Space

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Townsend ◽  
D. B. Cherchas ◽  
A. Abdelmessih
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Maximum Principle ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Switching Control ◽  
The Maximum Principle ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
And Performance

This study considers the optimal control of dry bulb temperature and moisture content in a single zone, to be accomplished in such a way as to be implementable in any zone of a multi-zone system. Optimality is determined in terms of appropriate cost and performance functions and subject to practical limits using the maximum principle. Several candidate optimal control strategies are investigated. It is shown that a bang-bang switching control which is theoretically periodic is a least cost practical control. In addition, specific attributes of this class of problem are explored.

Optimal Control Strategy for Ice-Storage System Based on Hourly Dynamic Load Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2515-2519
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Wang ◽  
Zhen Hai Wang ◽  
Xing Long Wu
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Ice Storage ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Energy Plus ◽  
Load Simulation

This project aims to study the optimal control model of the ice-storage system which is theoretically close to the optimal control and also applicable to actual engineering. Using Energy Plus, the energy consumption simulation software, and the simple solution method of optimal control, researchers can analyze and compare the annual operation costs of the ice-storage air-conditioning system of a project in Beijing under different control strategies. Researchers obtained the power rates of the air-conditioning system in the office building under the conditions of chiller-priority and optimal contro1 throughout the cooling season. Through analysis and comparison, they find that after the implementation of optimal control, the annually saved power bills mainly result from non-design conditions, especially in the transitional seasons.

Optimal Control Strategies of Fuel cell/Battery Based Zero-Emission Ships: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Banaei ◽  
Jalil Boudjadar ◽  
Razgar Ebrahimy ◽  
Henrik Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Zero Emission

Optimal control strategies for the surface hardening of steel

2004 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
D. Hömberg ◽  
S. Volkwein ◽  
W. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Orthogonal Decomposition ◽  
Phase Volume ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Proper Orthogonal

We discuss control strategies for the surface hardening of steel with laser or electron beam. The goal is to acchieve a prescribed hardening depth avoiding surface melting. Our mathematical model consists of a system of ODEs for the phase volume fractions coupled with the heat equation. The system is solved semi-implicitely using the finite element method. For the optimal control we discuss two approaches: model reduction using POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) and a feedback control of temperature. The numerical results prove that it is not sufficient to control the surface temperature in order to obtain a uniform hardening depth. Instead the best strategy should be to compute the optimal temperature in the hot spot of the beam by solving the control problem and use this temperature as the set-point for the pyrometer control of the real process.

scholarly journals Global Stability and Optimal Control of Dengue with Two Coexisting Virus Serotypes

MATEMATIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Afeez Abidemi ◽  
Rohanin Ahmad ◽  
Nur Arina Bazilah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Boundary Equilibrium

This study presents a two-strain deterministic model which incorporates Dengvaxia vaccine and insecticide (adulticide) control strategies to forecast the dynamics of transmission and control of dengue in Madeira Island if there is a new outbreak with a different virus serotypes after the first outbreak in 2012. We construct suitable Lyapunov functions to investigate the global stability of the disease-free and boundary equilibrium points. Qualitative analysis of the model which incorporates time-varying controls with the specific goal of minimizing dengue disease transmission and the costs related to the control implementation by employing the optimal control theory is carried out. Three strategies, namely the use of Dengvaxia vaccine only, application of adulticide only, and the combination of Dengvaxia vaccine and adulticide are considered for the controls implementation. The necessary conditions are derived for the optimal control of dengue. We examine the impacts of the control strategies on the dynamics of infected humans and mosquito population by simulating the optimality system. The disease-freeequilibrium is found to be globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction numbers associated with virus serotypes 1 and j (j 2 {2, 3, 4}), respectively, satisfy R01,R0j 1, and the boundary equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the related R0i (i = 1, j) is above one. It is shown that the strategy based on the combination of Dengvaxia vaccine and adulticide helps in an effective control of dengue spread in the Island.

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