scholarly journals Design and characterization of a phonon-mediated cryogenic particle detector with an eV-scale threshold and 100 keV-scale dynamic range

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ren ◽  
C. Bathurst ◽  
Y. Y. Chang ◽  
R. Chen ◽  
C. W. Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Particle Detector ◽  
Cryogenic Particle Detector

Characterization of Biphasic Modulation of Spinal Nociceptive Transmission by Neurotensin in the Rat Rostral Ventromedial Medulla

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1550-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Urban ◽  
G. F. Gebhart
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Rostral Ventromedial Medulla ◽  
Contrast Injection ◽  
Wide Dynamic Range ◽  
Noxious Heat ◽  
Nociceptive Transmission ◽  
Neurotensin Receptor ◽  
Ventromedial Medulla

Urban, M. O. and G. F. Gebhart. Characterization of biphasic modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission by neurotensin in the rat rostral ventromedial medulla. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1550–1562, 1997. Modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission by neurotensin microinjected in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) was examined in anesthetized, paralyzed rats. Forty-three spinal dorsal horn neurons in the L3–L5 spinal segments responding to mechanical and noxious thermal stimulation (50°C) of the plantar surface of the ipsilateral hind foot were studied. Spinal units were classified as either wide dynamic range or nociceptive specific and were located in spinal laminae I–V. Microinjection of neurotensin (0.03 pmol/0.2 μl) into the RVM produced a significant facilitation (135% of control) of spinal unit responses to noxious thermal stimulation (50°C) that lasted ∼12 min. In contrast, injection of greater doses of neurotensin (300 or 3,000 pmol) produced an inhibition of spinal unit responses to noxious heat (51.7 and 10.6% of control, respectively) that had a longer duration (60–120 min). The effects of neurotensin on wide-dynamic-range and nociceptive-specific neuron responses to noxious heat were qualitatively and quantitatively similar. Spinal unit responses to graded heating of the skin (42–50°C) were completely inhibited after microinjection of 3,000 pmol of neurotensin into the RVM. Injection of a lesser dose of neurotensin (300 pmol), however, resulted in a partial inhibition of spinal unit responses and significantly reduced the slope of the stimulus-response function to graded heating of the skin. Transection of either the ipsilateral or contralateral dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) significantly reduced the inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission produced by neurotensin (3,000 pmol) in the RVM, whereas bilateral transection of the DLFs completely blocked the effect. In contrast, bilateral transection of the DLFs had no effect on facilitation of spinal nociception by neurotensin (0.03 pmol) in the RVM. The inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission by neurotensin (3,000 pmol) in the RVM was completely blocked by injection of the nonpeptide neurotensin receptor antagonist SR48692 (30 fmol) into the RVM 10 min before neurotensin. To confirm a specific block of neurotensin-receptor-mediated effects by the antagonist, a subsequent injection of l-glutamate into the RVM was performed. l-Glutamate (100 nmol) was found to inhibit the nociceptive responses of those spinal units whose responses were no longer inhibited by neurotensin. In contrast, injection of SR48692 (30 fmol) into the RVM failed to block the facilitation of spinal unit responses to noxious heat produced by a subsequent injection of neurotensin (0.03 pmol) into the same site. The present series of experiments demonstrate a specific role for neurotensin in the RVM in the modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission, because the peptide was found to both facilitate and inhibit spinal neuron responses to noxious thermal stimulation. Additionally, the facilitatory and inhibitory effects of neurotensin appear to occur via interaction with multiple neurotensin receptors in the RVM that activate independent systems that descend in the ventrolateral funiculi and DLFs, respectively. The results from these experiments are consistent with prior studies demonstrating that the RVM both facilitates and inhibits spinal nociceptive transmission, and they complement previous work showing that neurotensin in the RVM modulates spinal nociceptive behavioral responses.

scholarly journals Relative sky radiance from multi-exposure all-sky camera images

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2201-2217
Author(s):  
Juan C. Antuña-Sánchez ◽  
Roberto Román ◽  
Victoria E. Cachorro ◽  
Carlos Toledano ◽  
César López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Sky Radiance ◽  
Black Level ◽  
Hdr Image

Abstract. All-sky cameras are frequently used to detect cloud cover; however, this work explores the use of these instruments for the more complex purpose of extracting relative sky radiances. An all-sky camera (SONA202-NF model) with three colour filters narrower than usual for this kind of cameras is configured to capture raw images at seven exposure times. A detailed camera characterization of the black level, readout noise, hot pixels and linear response is carried out. A methodology is proposed to obtain a linear high dynamic range (HDR) image and its uncertainty, which represents the relative sky radiance (in arbitrary units) maps at three effective wavelengths. The relative sky radiances are extracted from these maps and normalized by dividing every radiance of one channel by the sum of all radiances at this channel. Then, the normalized radiances are compared with the sky radiance measured at different sky points by a sun and sky photometer belonging to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The camera radiances correlate with photometer ones except for scattering angles below 10∘, which is probably due to some light reflections on the fisheye lens and camera dome. Camera and photometer wavelengths are not coincident; hence, camera radiances are also compared with sky radiances simulated by a radiative transfer model at the same camera effective wavelengths. This comparison reveals an uncertainty on the normalized camera radiances of about 3.3 %, 4.3 % and 5.3 % for 467, 536 and 605 nm, respectively, if specific quality criteria are applied.

Dual-comb-based asynchronous pump-probe measurement with an ultrawide temporal dynamic range for characterization of photo-excited InAs quantum dots

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 062003
Author(s):  
Akifumi Asahara ◽  
Yuto Arai ◽  
Tomohiro Saito ◽  
Junko Ishi-Hayase ◽  
Kouichi Akahane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Probe Measurement ◽  
Temporal Dynamic ◽  
Pump Probe ◽  
Inas Quantum Dots

Development and Characterization of Anti-Estradiol Polyclonal Antibody

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ying Li ◽  
Jin Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

This paper reports an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) using polyclonal antibody (pAb) for estradiol (E2) residues. After derivation, E2 haptens were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) through 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide (EDC) method, and New Zealand white rabbits were immunized to produce anti-E2 pAb. The conjugation ratio of E2-BSA was proved to be 18.6:1 by an UV absorbance method. Based on the square matrix titration, an icELISA standard curve was developed. The dynamic range was from 0.16 to 128 ng/mL, with LOD and IC50 value of 0.08 ng/mL and 3.76 ng/mL, respectively. Except for a little cross-reactivity (16.2%) to estrone, this assay showed negligible cross-reactivity to other analogues tested. The results suggest that the produced anti-E2 pAb could be used to develop an icELISA method for the determination of E2 residues in animal-originally products.

Characterization of short-pulse oscillators by means of a high-dynamic-range autocorrelation measurement

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Braun ◽  
D. Kopf ◽  
I. D. Jung ◽  
J. V. Rudd ◽  
H. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Autocorrelation Measurement

scholarly journals Relative sky radiance from multi-exposure all-sky camera images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Antuña-Sánchez ◽  
Roberto Román ◽  
Victoria E. Cachorro ◽  
Carlos Toledano ◽  
César López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Sky Radiance ◽  
Black Level ◽  
Hdr Image

Abstract. All-sky cameras are frequently used to detect cloud cover; however, this work explores the use of these instruments for the more complex purpose of extracting relative sky radiances. An all-sky camera (SONA202-NF model) with three colour filters, narrower than usual for this kind of cameras, is configured to capture raw images at seven exposure times. A detailed camera characterization of the black level, readout noise, hot pixels and linear response is carried out. A methodology is proposed to obtain a linear high dynamic range (HDR) image and its uncertainty, which represents the relative sky radiance map at three effective wavelengths. The relative sky radiance (normalized by the sum of all radiances) is extracted from these maps and compared with the sky radiance measured at different sky points by a sun/sky photometer belonging to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The camera radiances are in line with photometer ones excepting for scattering angles below 10º, which is probably due to some light reflections on the fisheye lens and camera dome. Camera and photometer wavelengths are not coincident, hence camera radiances are also compared with sky radiances simulated by a radiative transfer model at the same camera effective wavelengths. This comparison reveals an uncertainty on the normalized camera radiances about 3.3 %, 4.3 % and 5.3 % for 467, 536 and 605 nm, respectively, if specific quality criteria are applied.

scholarly journals Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry enables reproducible characterization of microbiota function

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Aakko ◽  
Sami Pietilä ◽  
Tomi Suomi ◽  
Mehrad Mahmoudian ◽  
Raine Toivonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Data Independent Acquisition ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Open Source Software Package

AbstractMetaproteomics is an emerging research area which aims to reveal the functionality of microbial communities – unlike the increasingly popular metagenomics providing insights only on the functional potential. So far, the common approach in metaproteomics has been data-dependent acquisition mass spectrometry (DDA). However, DDA is known to have limited reproducibility and dynamic range with samples of complex microbial composition. To overcome these limitations, we introduce here a novel approach utilizing data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry, which has not been applied in metaproteomics of complex samples before. For robust analysis of the data, we introduce an open-source software package diatools, which is freely available at Docker Hub and runs on various operating systems. Our highly reproducible results on laboratory-assembled microbial mixtures and human fecal samples support the utility of our approach for functional characterization of complex microbiota. Hence, the approach is expected to dramatically improve our understanding on the role of microbiota in health and disease.

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