Leaf Position Makes a Difference: The ABCB19 Auxin Transporter Affects Light Perception

Purpose : The aim of this study is to report a case of intraorbital wooden foreign body with intracranial extension to the frontal lobe and its management. Method : This is a descriptive study: A 53 year-old male referred due to wooden stick stucked in the orbital cavity causing protruding eyeball and vital sign instability. Result : Right eye examination revealed light perception visual acuity, with bad light projection and bad color perception, inwardly folded upper eyelid, proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, corneal erosion and edema, dilated pupil with sluggish pupillary light reflex and limited ocular movement in all direction. Vital sign was unstable with decreasing blood pressure, increasing temperature and heart rate. CT Scan showed complete fracture of the orbital roof due to penetration of the wooden stick, pneumoencephalus, cerebral edema and hematoma. Emergency craniotomy was performed to remove the penetrating wooden stick and bone segment in the frontal lobe and fracture repair. Ophthalmologist pulled the remaining stick, released the superior rectus muscle and repaired the lacerated eyelid. Outcome visual acuity was no light perception with lagophthalmos and limited ocular motility. Patient was admitted to Intensive Care Unit one day post-operatively and treated with systemic and topical antibiotic. Conclusion : Any case presenting with intraorbital foreign body must undergo immediate neuroimaging to exclude any intracranial extension, especially in patients with worsening general condition.

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Evaluation and Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Vision Aids: Orcam MyEye 1 and Seeing AI

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x211027492 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0145482X2110274

Author(s):

Christina Granquist ◽

Susan Y. Sun ◽

Sandra R. Montezuma ◽

Tu M. Tran ◽

Rachel Gage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Human Performance ◽

Visual Impairments ◽

Light Level ◽

Viewing Distance ◽

Light Perception ◽

Time To Completion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Text Reading ◽

Size Contrast

Introduction: We compared the print-to-speech properties and human performance characteristics of two artificial intelligence vision aids, Orcam MyEye 1 (a portable device) and Seeing AI (an iPhone and iPad application). Methods: There were seven participants with visual impairments who had no experience with the two reading aids. Four participants had no light perception. Two individuals with measurable acuity and one with light perception were tested while blindfolded. We also tested performance with text of varying appearance in varying viewing conditions. To evaluate human performance, we asked the participants to use the devices to attempt 12 reading tasks similar to activities of daily living. We assessed the ranges of text attributes for which reading was possible, such as print size, contrast, and light level. We also assessed if individuals could complete tasks with the devices and measured accuracy and completion time. Participants also completed a survey concerning the two aids. Results: Both aids achieved greater than 95% accuracy in text recognition for flat, plain word documents and ranged from 13 to 57% accuracy for formatted text on curved surfaces. Both aids could read print sizes as small as 0.8M (20/40 Snellen equivalent, 40 cm viewing distance). Individuals successfully completed 71% and 55% ( p = .114) of tasks while using Orcam MyEye 1 and Seeing AI, respectively. There was no significant difference in time to completion of tasks ( p = .775). Individuals believed both aids would be helpful for daily activities. Discussion: Orcam MyEye 1 and Seeing AI had similar text-reading capability and usability. Both aids were useful to users with severe visual impairments in performing reading tasks. Implications for Practitioners: Selection of a reading device or aid should be based on individual preferences and prior familiarity with the platform, since we found no clear superiority of one solution over the other.

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Risk factors and prognosis of pediatric open globe injuries without initial light perception

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000513337 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Wen ◽

Miner Yuan ◽

Cheng Li ◽

Chongde Long ◽

Zhaohui Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽

Light Perception ◽

Open Globe ◽

Intraocular Hemorrhage ◽

Control Study ◽

Better Than ◽

Open Globe Injuries

Purpose: To investigate the possible risk factors and prognosis of initial no light perception (NLP) in pediatric open globe injuries (POGI). Procedures: This retrospective, comparative, interventional case-control study included 865 eyes of POGI patients presenting to a tertiary referral ophthalmic center from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015. Eyes were divided into two groups: NLP group included eyes with initial NLP, and light perception(LP) group included eyes with initial LP or vision better than LP. Results: The following risk factors were significantly related to initial NLP: severe intraocular hemorrhage (OR=3.287, p=0.015), retinal detachment (RD) (OR=2.527, p=0.007), choroidal damage (OR=2.680, p=0.016) and endophthalmitis (OR=4.221, p＜0.001). Choroidal damage is related to remaining NLP after vitreoretinal surgery (OR=12.384, p=0.003). At the last visit, more eyes in the NLP group suffered from silicone oil–sustained status (OR=0.266, p=0.020) or ocular atrophy (OR=0.640, p=0.004), and less eyes benefitted from final LP (OR=41.061, p＜0.001) and anatomic success (OR=4.515, p＜0.001). Conclusion: Severe intraocular hemorrhage, RD, choroidal damage and endophthalmitis occurred more often in POGI with initial NLP. Choroidal damage was the major factor related to an NLP prognosis. Traumatized eyes with initial NLP could be anatomically and functionally preserved by vitreoretinal surgery.

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Predictive factors for final outcome of severely traumatized eyes with no light perception

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/1471-2415-12-16 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rupesh Agrawal ◽

Ho Sue Wei ◽

Stephen Teoh

Keyword(s):

Predictive Factors ◽

Final Outcome ◽

Light Perception

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Influence of wheat leaf position on leaf rust severity

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/bf00023651 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 211-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrzej Gąsowski

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Leaf Position ◽

Wheat Leaf ◽

Rust Severity

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Effects of Temperature on Leaf Expansion in Sunflower

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9820209 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 209 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

HM Rawson ◽

JH Hindmarsh

Keyword(s):

Field Studies ◽

Leaf Expansion ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Leaf Position ◽

Leaf Emergence ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Relative Change

Five commercial cultivars of sunflower were grown in cabinets at three temperature regimes, 32/22, 27/17 and 22/12°C, and with 15-h and 11-h photoperiods, and expansion of leaves 5-15 was followed. Leaves appeared faster with increasing temperature (0.022 leaves day-1 °C-1) and with increasing daylength. Areas of individual leaves increased linearly up the plant profile and, although final area per leaf (Amax) decreased with increasing temperature, the relative change was similar for each leaf position. Cultivars maintained their ranking for Amax across temperatures, and these rankings agreed with those in previous field studies. Within each temperature regime, both the expansion rate of leaves and the duration of expansion increased with leaf position. As temperature increased, leaves grew for shorter periods with a change of 1.04 days °C-1, but under the photon flux density used (500 �mol m-2 s-1, or about 25% full sunlight) expansion rates were greatest at the lowest temperature. Expansion rates were only one-third of those in field studies at comparable temperatures, but durations were similar. Cultivars that achieved the largest Amax did so via faster rates of expansion and not via longer durations: only one cultivar differed from the mean (20 days) duration of leaf expansion. All cultivars reached floral initiation progressively earlier with extension of photoperiod from 10 to 15 h, with the change for the most sensitive cultivars being 8 days and for the least sensitive 5 days. Rates of leaf emergence were linked with this sensitivity.

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