Polysomatic series in the structures of complex cuprates

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Leonyuk ◽  
G.-J. Babonas ◽  
V. Maltsev ◽  
V. Rybakov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
Layered Cuprates

The modular approach was applied to analyse the structure of complex cuprates. The modular series of various types were distinguished in the family of layered cuprates making use of the classification scheme in a fragment approximation developed earlier. The polysomatic series were revealed in the groups of cuprates which were expected to possess the properties of both salt and oxide. The structure of the ladder-type cuprates was analysed in more detail. The present study has shown that the polysomatic model can be efficiently applied to the structural analysis of complex cuprates.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of a Protective/Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Envelope Proteins of both Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Louping Ill Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yang ◽  
Jianxun Qi ◽  
Ruchao Peng ◽  
Lianpan Dai ◽  
Ernest A. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
E Proteins ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lateral Ridge ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

ABSTRACT Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV) are members of the tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) in the family Flaviviridae which cause encephalomeningitis and encephalitis in humans and other animals. Although vaccines against TBEV and LIV are available, infection rates are rising due to the low vaccination coverage. To date, no specific therapeutics have been licensed. Several neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) show promising effectiveness in the control of TBFVs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be characterized. Here, we determined the crystal structures of the LIV envelope (E) protein and report the comparative structural analysis of a TBFV broadly neutralizing murine MAb (MAb 4.2) in complex with either the LIV or TBEV E protein. The structures reveal that MAb 4.2 binds to the lateral ridge of domain III of the E protein (EDIII) of LIV or TBEV, an epitope also reported for other potently neutralizing MAbs against mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs), but adopts a unique binding orientation. Further structural analysis suggested that MAb 4.2 may neutralize flavivirus infection by preventing the structural rearrangement required for membrane fusion during virus entry. These findings extend our understanding of the vulnerability of TBFVs and other flaviviruses (including MBFVs) and provide an avenue for antibody-based TBFV antiviral development. IMPORTANCE Understanding the mechanism of antibody neutralization/protection against a virus is crucial for antiviral countermeasure development. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV) are tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) in the family Flaviviridae. They cause encephalomeningitis and encephalitis in humans and other animals. Although vaccines for both viruses are available, infection rates are rising due to low vaccination coverage. In this study, we solved the crystal structures of the LIV envelope protein (E) and a broadly neutralizing/protective TBFV MAb, MAb 4.2, in complex with E from either TBEV or LIV. Key structural features shared by TBFV E proteins were analyzed. The structures of E-antibody complexes showed that MAb 4.2 targets the lateral ridge of both the TBEV and LIV E proteins, a vulnerable site in flaviviruses for other potent neutralizing MAbs. Thus, this site represents a promising target for TBFV antiviral development. Further, these structures provide important information for understanding TBFV antigenicity.

scholarly journals Structural Analysis and Detection of Biological Inositol Pyrophosphates Reveal That the Family of VIP/Diphosphoinositol Pentakisphosphate Kinases Are 1/3-Kinases

2008 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. 1863-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Lin ◽  
Peter C. Fridy ◽  
Anthony A. Ribeiro ◽  
Jae H. Choi ◽  
Deb K. Barma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Inositol Pyrophosphates

Ist die Kernfamilie universal? / The nuclear family. Is it universal?

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Eickelpasch
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Developments

AbstractThe widely accepted hypothesis of the universality of the nuclear family in human cultures owes its popularity above all to the work of G.P. MURDOCK. Subjected to the test of a crosscultural, structural analysis of a selected number of societies the thesis is proved untenable.The nuclear family turns out to be neither a universal nor a prerequisite. This constellation is but one of a number of possible combinations of elementary dyadic relationship clustered around the fundamental mother-child unit.The pattern in which this latter relationship is compounded with the dyads spouse-spouse, father-child and sibling-sibling into more complex structures varies from society to society and is subject to specific economic and historical developments. A formalized definition of the family as “the group consisting of a man and his wife together with their unmarried, dependent children” contributes neither to an explanation of the concrete sociocultural context in which such a structure exists nor of the nature of the relationships, which such a structure imposes on the persons involved.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): a combined morphological and molecular analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara B Calegari ◽  
Richard P Vari ◽  
Roberto E Reis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family

Abstract A comprehensive phylogeny of species relationships of the Auchenipteridae is reconstructed here with a large-scale taxon sampling based on combined morphological and molecular datasets. The hypothesized phylogeny includes most species of Auchenipteridae (97 of 124 valid species) and multiple members of siluriform families as an outgroup (32 species) to embrace the diversity of forms among related catfishes. As the first large-scale phylogeny of the Auchenipteridae, comparison between taxa included information from both morphology (264 characters) and mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers (3490 nucleotides) from five genes: coI, 16S, rag2, myh6 and SH3PX3. Trees were generated under two different optimality criteria (Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference). A new classification for the family is presented herein to bring the taxonomy more in line with the new phylogenetic hypothesis. The strict consensus tree corroborates the monophyly of superfamily Doradoidea, family Auchenipteridae and its two subfamilies, Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. The new classification scheme proposes nine tribes in Auchenipteridae, based on the monophyly of major groups in both subfamilies. Centromochlus, Glanidium and Tatia are each recovered as paraphyletic. To maintain a monophyletic classification, some species treated as Tatia and Centromochlus are assigned to genera not previously recognized as valid.

Revision of the higher taxonomy of Neotropical freshwater crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae, based on multigene and morphological analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Álvarez ◽  
Juan Carlos Ojeda ◽  
Edvanda Souza-Carvalho ◽  
José Luis Villalobos ◽  
Célio Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Multigene Phylogeny ◽  
Divergence Time Estimate ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Freshwater Crabs ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
High Level

Abstract A new classification for the freshwater crabs of the Americas, the superfamily Pseudothelphusoidea¸ is presented based on a multigene phylogeny complemented by morphological analyses. We propose that the superfamily Pseudothelphusoidea be composed of two families, the Epiloboceridae and the Pseudothelphusidae, with the subsequent reorganization of the latter into eight subfamilies, of which five (Hypolobocerinae, Kingsleyinae, Potamocarcininae, Pseudothelphusinae, Strengerianinae) represent previously recognized tribes. We erect three new subfamilies: Guinotiinae, Ptychophallinae and Raddausinae, to reflect relationships that have become clear with the new analyses. The new classification scheme has a high level of congruence with the geographical distribution of species and genera. A divergence time estimate suggests that the Pseudothelphusoidea originated in the late Cretaceous around 68 Mya. Subsequent divergence events can be correlated with emergent landmasses throughout the range of the superfamily. There is high concordance among several elements of our proposal: (1) the main morphological types of male gonopods correspond to well defined clades obtained with molecular analyses; (2) the geographic distribution of the subfamilies has a structured pattern; and (3) the estimated times of divergence of each group can be associated to the geological history of each region. The combination of these elements results in a robust new classification scheme.

scholarly journals Automatic structural analysis of bioinspired percolating network materials using graph theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Vecchio ◽  
Sam Mahler ◽  
Mark Hammig ◽  
Nicholas A. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
The Family ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Technological Significance ◽  
Percolating Network

Mimicking numerous biological membranes and nanofiber-based tissues, there are multiple materials that are structured as percolating nanoscale networks (PPNs). They reveal unique combination of properties and the family of PNN-based composites and nanoporous materials is rapidly expanding. Their technological significance requires a unifying approach for their structural description. However, their complex aperiodic architectures are difficult to describe using traditional methods that are tailored for crystals. A related problem is the lack of computational tools that enable one to capture and enumerate the patterns of stochastically branching fibrils that are typical for these composites. Here, we describe a conceptual methodology and a computational package, StructuralGT, to automatically produce a graph theoretical (GT) description of PNNs from various micrographs. Using nanoscale networks formed by aramid nanofibers (ANFs) as examples, we demonstrate structural analysis of PNNs with 13 GT parameters. Unlike qualitative assessments of physical features employed previously, StructuralGT allows quantitative description of the complex structural attributes of PNNs enumerating the network morphology, connectivity, and transfer patterns. Accurate conversion and analysis of micrographs is possible for various levels of noise, contrast, focus, and magnification while a dedicated graphical user interface provides accessibility and clarity. The GT parameters are expected to be correlated to material properties of PNNs (e.g. ion transport, conductivity, stiffness) and utilized by machine learning tools for effectual materials design.

scholarly journals Psychosemantic System of Social Psychological Goal-Directedness in Families: A Structural Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Nosikova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
General System ◽  
System Level ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Subsystem Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Component Content ◽  
Goal Directedness

This paper aims to carry out a structural analysis of the psychosemantic system of goal-directedness in families. The hypothesis suggests that family semantic criterion makes it possible to differentiate the structure/level organization of meaning elements and their associative connections and to reveal the content of the object. The research involved 135 young women and 134 young men (aged 15—18); 150 women (aged 21—64) and 38 men (aged 20—55), married, with children. A modified version of I.L. Solomin’s technique of semantic differential was used. A comparative analysis of structural and hierarchical levels of psychosemantics of social psychological goal-directedness of families was carried out basing on the family semantic criterion. The general system level consists of structures representing two generations of a fam¬ily – parents and modern generation. The structure of the subsystem level is common for all groups of respondents and consists of five sublevels with different functional tasks: “My parental family”, “My father”, “My future family”/ “My family”, “My husband”/ “My wife”, and “Birth of a child”. Concepts that define members of the family and family groups, ideal representations of them, events and types of activity related to family life, constitute the component level. The concept of divorce due to its semantics does not belong to the family psychosemantic system. The component content of the subsystem level differs according to age, sex and marital status, which highlights the necessity of further functional research and complex analysis of the psychosemantic system relevant for practical family psychology.

scholarly journals Phytosociology and biodiversity patterns of annual wetland communities of Pyriatynskyi National Nature Park (Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Oleksii Kovalenko ◽  
Mariia Kalista
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Critical Differentiation

Abstract The results of a comparative structural analysis of the annual wetland herb vegetation syntaxa (class Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea) of Pyriatynskyi National Nature Park (Poltava Oblast, Ukraine) are presented. The systematic, biomorphological, ecological and geographical structures of syntaxa were studied using cluster, discriminant and factor analysis. The principal conformity of the floristic similarity dendrogram and the previously developed classification scheme were analysed. It was revealed that the leading factor of coenosis development is the soil moisture, while most parameters of these ecotopes are constant. The critical differentiation of Nano-Cyperion and Eleocharition ovatae alliances and the legitimacy of the recognition of the Radiolion linoidis alliance and Polygono recti-Juncetum juzepczukii association as separate syntaxa of the main ranks are emphasized.

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