Ist die Kernfamilie universal? / The nuclear family. Is it universal?

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Eickelpasch
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Developments

AbstractThe widely accepted hypothesis of the universality of the nuclear family in human cultures owes its popularity above all to the work of G.P. MURDOCK. Subjected to the test of a crosscultural, structural analysis of a selected number of societies the thesis is proved untenable.The nuclear family turns out to be neither a universal nor a prerequisite. This constellation is but one of a number of possible combinations of elementary dyadic relationship clustered around the fundamental mother-child unit.The pattern in which this latter relationship is compounded with the dyads spouse-spouse, father-child and sibling-sibling into more complex structures varies from society to society and is subject to specific economic and historical developments. A formalized definition of the family as “the group consisting of a man and his wife together with their unmarried, dependent children” contributes neither to an explanation of the concrete sociocultural context in which such a structure exists nor of the nature of the relationships, which such a structure imposes on the persons involved.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Complex Of Psychological Support Of Families With Problem Children

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Depth Psychological ◽  
The Family ◽  
Diagnostic Complex ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Joint Assessment

The article presents a diagnostic complex of psychological support for families with problem children, the main purpose of which is to study and understand the essence of the family problem, its carriers and the potential for solving the dysfunctions. The diagnostic stage captures the signals of the problem situation with the subsequent construction of the appropriate logic for the further diagnostic study. Trusting contact is established with all participants in the problem situation, assistance is provided in verbalizing the problem, joint assessment of the possibility of its resolution. The final part of this stage is a clear definition of the problem. Comprehensive psychodiagnostics consists of the initial diagnosis to study the strengths and weaknesses of family members, identify and solve problems that arise during family interaction, conducting the diagnostic minimums in order to analyze the dynamics of functioning and overcome possible difficulties. Further work provides in-depth psychological diagnosis of members of the nuclear family system.

scholarly journals The Uniplex Third: Enabling Single-domain Role Transitions in Multiplex Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Bai Li ◽  
Henning Piezunka
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Role Transition ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Role Hierarchy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Multiple Domains

Actors in a multiplex relationship—one crossing multiple domains—can struggle to transition into new roles in one domain without disrupting existing interactions and the role hierarchy in another. Via an inductive study of intergenerational leadership successions in seven Chinese family firms, we examine how actors can complete such a single-domain role transition. We find that a succession between the founder/father and the successor/son is successful when the mother (i.e., the founder’s wife) is active in the family but not the firm, acting as a trustworthy third party to the founder and successor in the family while staying nonpartisan to their business disagreements. Limiting her involvement to the family allows the mother to help the founder and successor maintain their existing family roles and interactions while transitioning into new roles in the firm. A mother involved in both firm and family could not stay nonpartisan between the founder and successor, which compromised their trust in her and prevented her from legislating over their multiplex relationship and facilitating the succession. We conceptualize the position of the uniplex third: the network position an actor occupies when she or he is connected in only one domain to two actors who have a multiplex dyadic relationship. Our cases reveal that the uniplex third position grants an actor authority via establishing trustworthiness and nonpartisanship relative to a multiplex dyadic relationship. The uniplex third party can thus facilitate change in one domain and maintain stability in another. We also observe how the mother is inhibited from occupying the uniplex third position when her kin are involved in the firm’s top management. If conflicts exist in the firm between the mother’s nuclear family and her kin, we find the mother disengages from succession-aiding activities in both family and firm domains.

REGULATION OF MARRIAGE RELATIONS IN THE TURKESTAN REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Khurshida Tillahodjaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Definition Of

In this article we will talk about the scale of family and marriage relations in the early XX century in the Turkestan region, their regulation, legislation. Clearly reveals the role of women and men in the family, the definition of which is based on the material conditions of society, equality of rights and freedoms and its features.

Family tourism: Interpersonal interaction, existential authenticity and quality of tourist experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 135676672110224
Author(s):  
Han Chen ◽  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Xiaoyi Li ◽  
Kun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tourist Experience ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Impact

The functional value experience of family tourism has often been paid attention both by tourists themselves and the tourism industry, but the individual value experience of parents in family tourism has been neglected. Family tourism shifts the scenario of interpersonal interaction between families from home, the conventional environment, to a non-conventional one. This change in the interactive situation will inevitably bring about changes in interpersonal interaction behavior and individual perception, especially to tourists who take on the role of parents in a nuclear family. This study enriches the examination of the family tourism experience by exploring the interpersonal interaction, existential authenticity travel experiences, and quality of tourist experience perceived by parents in family tourism. The main findings are: 1) In the non-conventional environment of tourism, effective interaction between tourists and their families helps to improve tourists’ emotional experience and satisfaction; 2) Three aspects of existential authenticity are the internal causes of the impact of interpersonal interaction on emotional experience and satisfaction; 3) Differences in parental roles make important discrepancies between men and women’s perception of family tourism experiences. This study provides insights to understanding the family tourism market and brings valuable findings to the area of family tourism marketing and management.

scholarly journals Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4716
Author(s):  
Francesco Ciscato ◽  
Lavinia Ferrone ◽  
Ionica Masgras ◽  
Claudio Laquatra ◽  
Andrea Rasola
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Neoplastic Progression ◽  
Malignant Growth ◽  
Hexokinase 2 ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Survival Pathways ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of

Hexokinases are a family of ubiquitous exose-phosphorylating enzymes that prime glucose for intracellular utilization. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the most active isozyme of the family, mainly expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues. HK2 induction in most neoplastic cells contributes to their metabolic rewiring towards aerobic glycolysis, and its genetic ablation inhibits malignant growth in mouse models. HK2 can dock to mitochondria, where it performs additional functions in autophagy regulation and cell death inhibition that are independent of its enzymatic activity. The recent definition of HK2 localization to contact points between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum called Mitochondria Associated Membranes (MAMs) has unveiled a novel HK2 role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Here, we propose that HK2 localization in MAMs of tumor cells is key in sustaining neoplastic progression, as it acts as an intersection node between metabolic and survival pathways. Disrupting these functions by targeting HK2 subcellular localization can constitute a promising anti-tumor strategy.

Innovative promotional strategies and diversification of flavoured mass merchandise cigar products: a case study of Swedish match

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ollie Ganz ◽  
Mary Hrywna ◽  
Kevin R J Schroth ◽  
Cristine D Delnevo
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Family ◽  
Promotional Efforts ◽  
Promotional Strategies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The U.S

In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA) granted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory authority over tobacco products, although initially this only included cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and roll-your-own tobacco. In 2016, the deeming rule extended regulatory authority to include all tobacco products, including cigars. The deeming rule prohibited the introduction of new tobacco products into the marketplace without proper marketing authorisation and laid out pathways for tobacco companies to follow. The deeming rule should have frozen the cigar marketplace in 2016. In this paper, we describe how the cigarillo marketplace, nevertheless, continues to diversify with new brands, flavors, styles and packaging sizes entering the market regularly. As an example, we highlight recent promotional efforts by Swedish Match North America (Swedish Match) for their popular cigarillo brands, including White Owl, Night Owl and Garcia y Vega’s Game brand. We argue that ambiguities in the TCA make it unclear whether Swedish Match’s seemingly new cigarillos fit the definition of new tobacco products and, if so, whether they are on the market legally. Swedish Match and other cigarillo companies may be taking advantage of these ambiguities to promote a variety of cigarillo flavors and styles in innovative ways. Given that cigars are combustible tobacco products that pose many of the same risks as cigarettes, this business practice raises significant concerns regarding the protection of public health, particularly among young people.

The limits of the family Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) and a new genus from Lebanese Amberamber

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan H. Basibuyuk ◽  
Mike G. Fitton ◽  
Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn ◽  
Donald L.J. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
Fore Wing ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe definition of the family Evaniidae is revised and Cretevaniidae are synonymised with Evaniidae based on evidence derived from recently described Mesozoic taxa and a new genus and species, Lebanevania azari, described here from Lebanese amber. A fore leg with a long trochanter and a 12-segmented antenna are autapomorphies of the new genus. A large, high and wide head and a high and short mesosoma are derived characters shared with other Evaniidae. The new genus also has complete fore wing venation and lacks a tubular petiole, which are ground plan features of the Evanioidea. A cladistic analysis of fossil and extant members of the superfamily Evanioidea and notes on fossil taxa are presented.

XV.—The Placoderm Fish Rhachiosteus pterygiatus Gross and its Relationships

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (15) ◽  
pp. 377-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Sensory System ◽  
System A ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of

SynopsisThe holotype and only known specimen of Rhachiosteus pterygiatus Gross is partially redescribed and new restorations are given. Attention is drawn to important points in its osteology and the possible development of a cutaneous sensory system. A definition of the family Rhachiosteidsæ Stensiö is given. This family differs from all other described groups of euarthrodires in the lack of posterior lateral and posterior dorsolateral flank plates. Rhachiosteus is a pachyosteomorph brachythoracid, as defined in the text, and may be fairly closely related in some way to the (coccosteomorph) family Coccosteidsæ. There is no indication that it is closely related to any other known pachyosteomorph, or to other groups of arthrodires, such as the Rhenanida and Ptyctodontida, in which there are no posterior flank plates.

scholarly journals Direct harms and social consequences: An analysis of the impact of maternal imprisonment on dependent children in England and Wales

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona Minson
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
The Impact

This article draws upon research with children whose mothers were imprisoned in England and Wales, to investigate the impacts of maternal imprisonment on dependent children. The research directly engaged with children, in accordance with Article 12 of the UNCRC 1989, and is set within an examination of the differentiated treatment in the family and criminal courts of England and Wales of children facing state initiated separation from a parent. The article explores children’s ‘confounding grief’ and contends that this grief originates from social processes, experienced as a consequence of maternal imprisonment. ‘Secondary prisonization’ is characterized by changes in home and caregiver and the regulation of the mother and child relationship. ‘Secondary stigmatization’ occurs when children are stigmatized by virtue of their relationship with their mother. These harms to children call into question the state’s fulfilment of its duty to protect children under Article 2 of the UNCRC 1989.

Contemporary psychosurgery and a look to the future

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Feldman ◽  
Ronald L. Alterman ◽  
James T. Goodrich
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Patient Selection Criteria ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Despite a long and controversial history, psychosurgery has persisted as a modern treatment option for some severe, medically intractable psychiatric disorders. The goal of this study was to review the current state of psychosurgery. Methods. In this review, the definition of psychosurgery, patient selection criteria, and anatomical and physiological rationales for cingulotomy, subcaudate tractotomy, anterior capsulotomy, and limbic leukotomy are discussed. The historical developments, modern procedures, and results of these four contemporary psychosurgical procedures are also reviewed. Examples of recent advances in neuroscience indicating a future role for neurosurgical intervention for psychiatric disease are also mentioned. Conclusions. A thorough understanding of contemporary psychosurgery will help neurosurgeons and other physicians face the ethical, social, and technical challenges that are sure to lie ahead as modern science continues to unlock the secrets of the mind and brain.

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